施用石灰和绿肥及生物有机肥后的酸性土壤pH和理化性状动态变化
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摘要
为明确酸性植烟土壤施用石灰、绿肥和生物有机肥等改土物料组合的效果,研究了酸性土壤单施石灰、石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥等改土物料后土壤pH和土壤理化性状动态变化。结果表明:(1)施用改土物料之后,植烟土壤pH表现为先升后降的阶段性变化,至烤烟移栽60d后逐渐趋于稳定;单施石灰的植烟土壤容重呈升高趋势,石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥处理的土壤容重呈下降趋势;植烟土壤孔隙度、水分和有机质含量呈"高—低—高"的阶段性变化;植烟土壤碱解氮含量呈"低—高—低—高的阶段性变化;土壤有效磷和速效钾含量呈递增趋势。(2)至烤烟移栽后120d,施用改土物料较对照能提高土壤pH 0.32～1.07个单位,提高碱解氮含量17.1%～25.7%,提高有效磷含量18.2%～70.0%,但降低速效钾含量;石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥处理分别提高土壤有机质含量27.6%和39.3%,提高土壤孔隙度2.02%和3.02%,提高土壤水分7.4%～24.2%,降低土壤容重2.46%和4.10%;单施石灰则会降低土壤有机质含量、土壤孔隙度、土壤水分含量。(3)不同处理以石灰+绿肥+生物有机肥组合对强酸性土壤的改良效果最好,石灰+绿肥次之,单施石灰效果较差。因此,施用石灰时应配施绿肥和生物有机肥,以实现对强酸性土壤的可持续改良。
In order to clarify the effect of lime, green manure and bio-organic fertilizer used in acid tobacco-planting soil, the dynamic changes of soil pH and physical and chemical properties were studied by applying lime, lime + green manure and lime + green manure +bioorganic fertilizer. Results showed that:(1) After application of soil amelioration materials, pH value of tobacco-planting soil showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing fall, and gradually tended to be stable 60 days after transplant. The bulk density of tobacco-planting soil with application of lime alone showed an upward trend, while that with application of lime + green manure, lime + green manure + bioorganic fertilizer showed a decreasing trend. The soil porosity, water content and organic matter content showed a variation trend of high-lowhigh. Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content of tobacco-planting soil showed a low-high-low-highperiodic change. Available phosphorus and available potassium contents of soil showed an increasing trend.(2) Soil pH, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content and available phosphorus content were increased by 0.32～1.07 units,17.1% ～ 25.7% and 18.2% ～ 70.0%, respectively 120 days after transplant, while available potassium content was decreased by applying soil amelioration materials compared with the control group. Lime + green manure, lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased soil organic matter content by 27.6% and 39.3%, increased soil porosity by 2.02% and3.02%, increased soil moisture by 7.4% to 24.2%, and reduced soil bulk density by 2.46% and 4.10%. Single lime application reduced soil organic matter content, soil porosity and soil moisture content.(3) The combination of lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of strongly acidic soil, followed by lime + green manure, while the effect of lime application alone was poor.Therefore, lime should be combined with green manure and bio-organic fertilizer to achieve sustainable improvement of strong acid soil.
In order to clarify the effect of lime, green manure and bio-organic fertilizer used in acid tobacco-planting soil, the dynamic changes of soil pH and physical and chemical properties were studied by applying lime, lime + green manure and lime + green manure +bioorganic fertilizer. Results showed that:(1) After application of soil amelioration materials, pH value of tobacco-planting soil showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing fall, and gradually tended to be stable 60 days after transplant. The bulk density of tobacco-planting soil with application of lime alone showed an upward trend, while that with application of lime + green manure, lime + green manure + bioorganic fertilizer showed a decreasing trend. The soil porosity, water content and organic matter content showed a variation trend of high-lowhigh. Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content of tobacco-planting soil showed a low-high-low-highperiodic change. Available phosphorus and available potassium contents of soil showed an increasing trend.(2) Soil pH, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content and available phosphorus content were increased by 0.32～1.07 units,17.1% ～ 25.7% and 18.2% ～ 70.0%, respectively 120 days after transplant, while available potassium content was decreased by applying soil amelioration materials compared with the control group. Lime + green manure, lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer treatment increased soil organic matter content by 27.6% and 39.3%, increased soil porosity by 2.02% and3.02%, increased soil moisture by 7.4% to 24.2%, and reduced soil bulk density by 2.46% and 4.10%. Single lime application reduced soil organic matter content, soil porosity and soil moisture content.(3) The combination of lime + green manure + bio-organic fertilizer had the best effect on the improvement of strongly acidic soil, followed by lime + green manure, while the effect of lime application alone was poor.Therefore, lime should be combined with green manure and bio-organic fertilizer to achieve sustainable improvement of strong acid soil.
引文
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[21]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.PAN Fuxia,LU Jianwei,LIU Wei,et al.Effect of different green manure application on soil fertility[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
[22]孙越,王继红,安羿衡,等.不同作物根茬对土壤酸度的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):220-225.SUN Yue,WANG Jihong,AN Yiheng,et al.Effects of different crop stubbles on soil acidity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(4):220-225.
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[2]Lawrence G B,Lapenis A G,Berggren D,et al.Climate dependency of tree growth suppressed by acid deposition effects on soils in Northwest Russia[J].Environ Sci Technol,2005,39(7):2004-2010.
[3]周晓阳,徐明岗,周世伟,等.长期施肥下我国南方典型农田土壤的酸化特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1615-1621.ZHOU Xiaoyang,XU Minggang,ZHOU Shiwei,et al.Soil acidification characteristics in southern China's croplands under long-term fertilization[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2015,21:1615-1621.
[4]邓小华,李源环,周米良,等.武陵山地植烟土壤酸度特征及影响因素--以湖南省湘西自治州为例[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(4):304-309.DENG Xiaohua,LI Yuanhuan,ZHOU Miliang,et al.Acidity Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Tobacco-planting Soils in Wuling Mountains--A Case Study in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,Hunan Province[J].Journal of Soil andWater Conservation,2018,32(4):304-309.
[5]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及其调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(02):238-244.XU Renkou.Research progresses in soil acidification and its control[J].Soils,2015,47,(02):238-244.
[6]郭朝晖,黄昌勇,廖柏寒.模拟酸雨对污染土壤中Cd、Cu和Zn释放及其形态转化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1547-1550.GUO Zhaohui,HUANG Changyong,LIAO Baihan.Effects of simulated acid rains on Cd,Cu and Zn release and their form transformation in polluted soils[J].CHINESE JOURNAL OFAPPLIED ECOLOGY,2003,14(9):1547-1550.
[7]邓小华,蔡兴,张明发,等.喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤p H分布特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(06):308-313.Deng Xiaohua,Cai Xin,Zhang Mingfa,et al.Distribution characteristics of tobacco-growing soil pH and its influencing factors in Karst region of Xiangxi[J].Journal of Soil and Water conservation,2016,30(06):308-313.
[8]邓小华,张瑶,田峰,等.湘西植烟土壤pH和主要养分特征及其相互关系[J].土壤,2017,49(1):49-56.Deng Xiaohua,Zhang Yao,Tian Feng,et al.pH and main nutrients of tobacco-growing soils and their relations in western Hunan[J].Soils,2017,49(01):49-56
[9]Moore J D,Duchesne L,Ouimet R.Soil properties and maplebeech regeneration a decade after liming in a northern hardwood stand[J].For.Ecol.Manag.2008,255:3460-3468.
[10]Manna M C,Swarup A,Wanjari R H,Mishra B,Shahi D K.Longterm fertilization,manure and liming effects on soil organic matter and crop yields[J].Soil Till.Res.2007,94(2):397-409.
[11]胡敏,向永生,鲁剑巍.石灰用量对酸性土壤酸度及大麦幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3896-3903.HU Ming,XIANG Yongsheng,LU Jianwei.Effects of lime application rates on soil acidity and barley seeding growth in acidic soils[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(20):3896-3903.
[12]杨蒙岭,蒋豪,顾勇,等.绿肥混合翻压还田对土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(01):42-48.YANG Mengling,JIANG Hao,GU Yong,et al.Effects of mixed addition of green manure soil traits and tobacco quality[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2018,39(01):42-48.
[13]邓小华,石楠,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对植烟土壤理化性状的影响[J].烟草科技,2015,48(2):7-10,20.DENG Xiaohua,SHI Nan,ZHOU Miliang et al.Effects of green manure on physical and chemical properties of tobacco planting soils[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2015,48(2):7-10,20.
[14]王岩,刘国顺.绿肥中养分释放规律及对烟叶品质的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(2):273-279.WANG Yan,LIU Guoshun.Nutrient release from green manures and its effect on quality of tobacco leaves.Acta Fedologica Sinica,2006,43(2):273-279.
[15]齐永杰,徐文兵,邓小华等.根区施用不同生物有机肥对稻茬烤烟生长和产质量的影响[J].烟草科技,2018,51(5):25-31.QI Yongjie,XU Wenbing,DENG Xiaohua et al.Effects of different bio-organic fertilizers to root-zone soil on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-rice rotation fields[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2018,51(5):25-31.
[16]扶海超,夏阳,杨丹丹,等.不同生物有机肥对土壤理化性状及烟叶生长发育的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(30):86-89.FU Haichao,XIA Yang,YANG Dandan,et al.Effects of different bio-organic fertilizer on physiochemical properties of soil and growth of tobacco[J].Journal of Anhui Agri,2015,43(30):86-89.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO Shidan.Soil Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[18]胡敏,向永生,鲁剑巍.石灰用量对酸性土壤p H值及有效养分含量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(04):72-77.HU Ming,XIANG Yongsheng,LU Jianwei.Effects of lime application rates on soil pH and available nutrient content in acidic soils[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(04):72-77.
[19]詹绍军,喻华,冯文强,等.有机物料与石灰对土壤pH和镉有效性的影响[J].西南农业学报,2011,24(03):999-1003.ZHAN Shaojun,YU Hua,FENG Wenqiang,et al.Effects of different organic material and lime on soil pH and available cadmium[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2011,24(03):999-1003.
[20]张瑶,邓小华,杨丽丽,等.不同改良剂对酸性土壤的修复效应[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):330-334.ZHANG Yao,DENG Xiaohua,YANG Lili.Effects of different amendments application on remediation of acidic soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(5):330-334.
[21]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.PAN Fuxia,LU Jianwei,LIU Wei,et al.Effect of different green manure application on soil fertility[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
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