遂昌湖山林场水源林阔叶化改造及林分结构变化评估
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摘要
水源林的质量提升是经济和社会发展的必然需求。该研究针对浙江遂昌湖山林场水源林中针叶林面积比重大、林相单调和林分结构简单的特点,在马尾松林和杉木林+马尾松林中,分别采取了11.8%和35.3%的间伐强度,为间伐补植和人工促进更新创造条件,并对改造后的林分结构和林木质量进行对比评估。结果表明,经过技术改造,马尾松林和杉木林+马尾松林中阔叶树的比例分别提高4.6百分点和12.0百分点,干形质量较优的林木比例分别提高7.8百分点和7.0百分点,生活力较强的林木比例分别提高4.9百分点和25.3百分点;无损伤的林木比例分别提高6.9百分点和17.1百分点。马尾松林透光条件改善不显著,杉木林+马尾松林中透光条件严重不足的林木比例下降17.6百分点,透光条件基本满足以上的林木比例提高了约13百分点。经过技术改造,湖山景观水源林群落的自然化、混交化和异龄化程度以及林内景观质量得到显著提升,为进一步经营技术的实施奠定了基础,长期效果需要进一步持续地定位观测研究。
Quality enhancement in water conservation forest region was demanded with the development of economy and society. Aiming at the large area of coniferous forest, monotonous forest landscape and simple stand structure in forest for water conversation of Hushan Forest Farm in Suichang, Zhejiang Province, 11.8% and 35.3% thinning intensifications were adopted in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata+ P. massoniana forest respectively. The stand structure and growth situation were evaluated and compared between experimental samples and controlled samples in this paper. The results indicated that the proportion of broadleaf trees was increased by 4.6 and 12.0 percentage points respectively, stand shape quality was increased by 7.8 and 7.0 percentage points, and the proportion of stand without damage increased by 6.9 and 17.1 percentage points. The stand viability was increased by 4.9 and 25.3 percentage points,respectively. Significant improvement of the light conditions in C. lanceolata+P. massoniana forest was found, but not significant in P. massoniana forest. After broadleaf transformation, the mixed uneven-aged forest was constructed and forest landscapes were significantly improved, which laid a foundation for the implementation of management technology. Long term monitoring study was also suggested to evaluate the effects of broadleaf transformation on water conversation forest.
Quality enhancement in water conservation forest region was demanded with the development of economy and society. Aiming at the large area of coniferous forest, monotonous forest landscape and simple stand structure in forest for water conversation of Hushan Forest Farm in Suichang, Zhejiang Province, 11.8% and 35.3% thinning intensifications were adopted in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata+ P. massoniana forest respectively. The stand structure and growth situation were evaluated and compared between experimental samples and controlled samples in this paper. The results indicated that the proportion of broadleaf trees was increased by 4.6 and 12.0 percentage points respectively, stand shape quality was increased by 7.8 and 7.0 percentage points, and the proportion of stand without damage increased by 6.9 and 17.1 percentage points. The stand viability was increased by 4.9 and 25.3 percentage points,respectively. Significant improvement of the light conditions in C. lanceolata+P. massoniana forest was found, but not significant in P. massoniana forest. After broadleaf transformation, the mixed uneven-aged forest was constructed and forest landscapes were significantly improved, which laid a foundation for the implementation of management technology. Long term monitoring study was also suggested to evaluate the effects of broadleaf transformation on water conversation forest.
引文
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[23] 郑慧萍,李宝根,叶常青.遂昌县景观林建设的类型及关键技术[J].绿色科技,2014(10):53-54.
[24] 梁爽,张洁,戚继忠,等.次生林为主的自然风景林林内景观质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):119-124.
[2] 李金良,郑小贤,陆元昌,等.祁连山水源林经营模式研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2012,29(6):947-953.
[3] 周择福,林富荣,宋吉红.不同经营模式的水源涵养林生态防护功能研究[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(2):189-195.
[4] 王威,郑小贤,杜丽侠.北京山区水源林林分结构与功能耦合关系[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(7):22-24.
[5] 罗梅,王威,宗雪,等.水源涵养林结构与功能耦合关系模型研究:以北京山区水源涵养林为例[J].林业资源管理,2011(5):84-88.
[6] 李金良,郑小贤.水源林经营目标与经营原则体系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(6):157-160.
[7] 宁金魁.水源涵养林结构调整研究:以北京密云水库周边水源涵养林为例[D].北京:北京林业大学,2004.
[8] 姜俊,谢阳生,陆元昌,等.不同林龄阶段马尾松人工林群落结构特征及经营策略[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):1-7.
[9] 李婷婷,陆元昌,张显强,等.经营的马尾松森林类型发育演替阶段量化指标研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(3):9-17.
[10] 毛玉明,吴初平,黄玉洁,等.钱塘江源头水源林林分结构与功能分析[J].浙江林业科技,2015,35(5):1-5.
[11] 孟祥江,何邦亮,马正锐,等.我国马尾松林经营现状及近自然育林探索[J].世界林业研究,2018,31(3):63-67.
[12] 唐长波,周岳英,严新庭.湖山林场森林资源现状分析及保护利用建议[J].绿色科技,2012(3):26-27.
[13] SIMPSON E H.Measurement of diversity[J].Nature,1949,163(4148):688.
[14] 陈科屹,张会儒,雷相东.基于目标树经营的抚育采伐对云冷杉针阔混交林空间结构的影响[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(5):718-726.
[15] TEAM R C.R:A language and environment for statistical computing[M].Vienna,Austria:R Foundation for Statistical Computing,2017.
[16] 杜燕,王威,郑小贤.北京山区水源林结构与功能关系研究[J].林业资源管理,2011(4):59-65.
[17] 李婷婷.热带林业实验中心森林资源监测和经营效果评价研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[18] 汪加魏,于丹丹,尹群,等.北京市八达岭林场景观型水源涵养林健康评价研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(1):233-239.
[19] 宗路平,角媛梅,华红莲,等.哈尼梯田景观水源林区土壤水分垂直变化与持水性能[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):59-64.
[20] 徐高福.千岛湖马尾松次生林林相改造技术研究[J].江苏林业科技,2003,30(4):15-17.
[21] 姜根平,曹雯,叶韶霞,等.浙江省松阳县马尾松林下阔叶化改造结果分析与评价[J].华东森林经理,2013(4):18-20.
[22] 刘安兴.针阔混交防护林可持续经营技术研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,1998,15(1):42-50.
[23] 郑慧萍,李宝根,叶常青.遂昌县景观林建设的类型及关键技术[J].绿色科技,2014(10):53-54.
[24] 梁爽,张洁,戚继忠,等.次生林为主的自然风景林林内景观质量评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):119-124.
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