绿鳍马面鲀外部形态特征与染色体核型分析
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摘要
该研究以黄海水域捕捞的131尾绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)为样本,在活鲜状态下,观察其外部形态特征并绘图;统计各鳍条数量,对可量比性状进行回归分析;采用热滴片法,制备染色体标本。结果发现:1)鱼体头部和背部在活体状态下呈深青灰色,腹部呈浅青绿色,趋于白色。死亡后,体色加深,转为墨绿色,鳍条保持蓝绿色为其外部形态的明显特征。2)体长为体高的1.5～3.3倍;体长为头长的3.1～4.9倍;头长为吻长的1.1～1.6倍。3)全长(T_l)/体长(S_l)相关性显著(R~2=0.96),雌雄无显著差异;尾柄长/尾柄高、体长/尾柄长、头长/眼径、头长/眼间距相关性不显著,雌雄差异大。4)鳍式为背鳍Ⅱ,36～39;臀鳍34～37;胸鳍14～15;尾鳍1+10+1;腹鳍退化为一个腹鳍棘。5)鳞片绒状鳞,由基板和骨质凸起组成;具有体侧线和框下线。6)绿鳍马面鲀二倍体染色体数目为2n=40,染色体核型为2n=40t,臂数NF=40,均为端着丝粒染色体,且无异型染色体。
We observed and drawn the external morphology of 131 Thamnaconus septentrionalis collected from the Yellow Sea,and counted the number of dorsal fin rays,caudal fin rays,anal fin rays as well as pectoral fin rays,so as to conduct a regrassion analysis of their morphological features.Besides,the chromosome specimens were made by hot titration method,and the karyotype was analyzed.The results are:1)when alive,the head and back of T.septentrionalis'body were in pewter and the abdomen was in whitish turquoise;after death,the color turned dark green.The fins'remaining turquoise was an obvious feature of its external morphology.2)The body length was 1.5-3.3 times and 3.1-4.9 times as long as the body height and the head length;the head length was1.1-1.6 times as long as the proboscis length.3)The variation of total length/standard length was minimum with the smallest difference between female and male and had the best correlation coefficient(R~2=0.96).The values of caudal length/caudal depth,standard length/caudal length,head length/eye diameter and head length/eye interal had the lowest correlation coefficient,and the difference between female and male was obvious.4)The fin type was:dorsal fin II,36-39;anal fin 34-37;tail fin 14-15,caudal fin 1+10+1,and the pelvic fin degenerated into pelvic fin spines.5)The body was covered with a variety of fleece scales consisting of a base plate and a bony bulge,and the lateral lines were composed of trunk line and infraorbital line.6)T.septentrionalis had 20 pairs of chromosomes(2n=40)and the karyotype formula was 2n=40t.All of them were telomeres without heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
We observed and drawn the external morphology of 131 Thamnaconus septentrionalis collected from the Yellow Sea,and counted the number of dorsal fin rays,caudal fin rays,anal fin rays as well as pectoral fin rays,so as to conduct a regrassion analysis of their morphological features.Besides,the chromosome specimens were made by hot titration method,and the karyotype was analyzed.The results are:1)when alive,the head and back of T.septentrionalis'body were in pewter and the abdomen was in whitish turquoise;after death,the color turned dark green.The fins'remaining turquoise was an obvious feature of its external morphology.2)The body length was 1.5-3.3 times and 3.1-4.9 times as long as the body height and the head length;the head length was1.1-1.6 times as long as the proboscis length.3)The variation of total length/standard length was minimum with the smallest difference between female and male and had the best correlation coefficient(R~2=0.96).The values of caudal length/caudal depth,standard length/caudal length,head length/eye diameter and head length/eye interal had the lowest correlation coefficient,and the difference between female and male was obvious.4)The fin type was:dorsal fin II,36-39;anal fin 34-37;tail fin 14-15,caudal fin 1+10+1,and the pelvic fin degenerated into pelvic fin spines.5)The body was covered with a variety of fleece scales consisting of a base plate and a bony bulge,and the lateral lines were composed of trunk line and infraorbital line.6)T.septentrionalis had 20 pairs of chromosomes(2n=40)and the karyotype formula was 2n=40t.All of them were telomeres without heteromorphic sex chromosomes.
引文
[1]张家男.绿鳍马面鲀的生殖调控与苗种繁育技术[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:3,35.
[2]郑元甲,甘金宝,朱善央,等.东海绿鳍马面鲀产卵群体结构和产卵场调查[J].水产学报,1987,11(2):121-134.
[3]朱元鼎.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:550-551.
[4]中国科学院.南海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:1047-1048.
[5]福建鱼类志编写组.福建鱼类志(下卷)[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1984:573-574.
[6]中国科学院中国动物志委员会.中国动物志(硬骨鱼纲鲀形目海蛾鱼目喉盘鱼目鮟鱇目)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:129-130.
[7]孟宪菊,张利民.绿鳍马面鲀的生物学特性及人工养殖前景[J].齐鲁渔业,2009,26(6):47-48.
[8]温海深,张家男,袁玉仁,等.野生绿鳍马面鲀人工驯养与繁殖生物学的初步研究[J].现代渔业信息,2010,25(11):13-16.
[9]SISTROM M,EDWARDS D L,DONNELLAN S,et al.Morphological differentiation correlates with ecological but not with genetic divergence in a Gehyra gecko[J].J Evol Biol,2012,25(4):647-660.
[10]田媛,牟希东,汪学杰,等.双须骨舌鱼形态特征与核型分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):173-177.
[11]王金星,赵小凡.鲀形目三种鱼的染色体研究[J].动物学研究,1993,14(4):345-346,397.
[12]李思发.中国淡水主要养殖鱼类种质研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998:183-184.
[13]刘琨,周丽青,李凤辉,等.银鲳(Pampus argenteus)染色体标本制备及其核型研究[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):64-69.
[14]LEVAN A,FREDGA K,SANDBERG A A.Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes[J].Hereditas,1964,52(2):201-220.
[15]严太明,唐仁军,刘小帅,等.齐口裂腹鱼鳞片发生及覆盖过程研究[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(2):298-303.
[16]谢林,方静.齐口裂腹鱼鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,2003,22(6):506-507.
[17]苏锦祥,周云昕.革鲀科鳞片构造的扫描电镜观察和比较研究[J].动物学报,1988(2):110-117.
[18]POLTEV Y N.Some issues related to reproduction of Pacific cod,Gadus macrocephalus in waters of the eastern coast of the northern Kuril Islands and the southern extremity of Kamchatka[J].JAppl Ichthyol,2008,48(4):345-355.
[19]赵金良.我国海水鱼和咸淡水鱼染色体组型研究概述[J].上海水产大学学报,2000,9(4):344-347.
[20]小岛吉雄.水生生物及遗传育种[M].东京:水交出版社,1979:46-62.
[21]李康,桂建芳,洪云汉,等.中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究Ⅴ.亚科10种鱼的染色体组型[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1984(3):113-122.
[22]喻子牛,戴继勋.五种经济海水鱼类的染色体研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),1996,26(1):44-48.
[23]舒琥,刘锋,蔡晓阅,等.广东近海11种经济鱼类的染色体组型研究[C]//广东省动物学会.第五届广东、湖南、江西、湖北四省动物学学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.广州:广东省动物学会,2008:3.
[24]范立民,胡庚东,陈家长,等.菊黄东方鲀核型的研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1):70-72.
[25]陈家长,胡庚东,尤洋,等.三种东方鲀核型的研究[J].中国畜禽种业,2005(7):46-48.
[2]郑元甲,甘金宝,朱善央,等.东海绿鳍马面鲀产卵群体结构和产卵场调查[J].水产学报,1987,11(2):121-134.
[3]朱元鼎.东海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1963:550-551.
[4]中国科学院.南海鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:1047-1048.
[5]福建鱼类志编写组.福建鱼类志(下卷)[M].福州:福建科学技术出版社,1984:573-574.
[6]中国科学院中国动物志委员会.中国动物志(硬骨鱼纲鲀形目海蛾鱼目喉盘鱼目鮟鱇目)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:129-130.
[7]孟宪菊,张利民.绿鳍马面鲀的生物学特性及人工养殖前景[J].齐鲁渔业,2009,26(6):47-48.
[8]温海深,张家男,袁玉仁,等.野生绿鳍马面鲀人工驯养与繁殖生物学的初步研究[J].现代渔业信息,2010,25(11):13-16.
[9]SISTROM M,EDWARDS D L,DONNELLAN S,et al.Morphological differentiation correlates with ecological but not with genetic divergence in a Gehyra gecko[J].J Evol Biol,2012,25(4):647-660.
[10]田媛,牟希东,汪学杰,等.双须骨舌鱼形态特征与核型分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2013,22(2):173-177.
[11]王金星,赵小凡.鲀形目三种鱼的染色体研究[J].动物学研究,1993,14(4):345-346,397.
[12]李思发.中国淡水主要养殖鱼类种质研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1998:183-184.
[13]刘琨,周丽青,李凤辉,等.银鲳(Pampus argenteus)染色体标本制备及其核型研究[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(6):64-69.
[14]LEVAN A,FREDGA K,SANDBERG A A.Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes[J].Hereditas,1964,52(2):201-220.
[15]严太明,唐仁军,刘小帅,等.齐口裂腹鱼鳞片发生及覆盖过程研究[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(2):298-303.
[16]谢林,方静.齐口裂腹鱼鳞片表面结构的扫描电镜观察[J].电子显微学报,2003,22(6):506-507.
[17]苏锦祥,周云昕.革鲀科鳞片构造的扫描电镜观察和比较研究[J].动物学报,1988(2):110-117.
[18]POLTEV Y N.Some issues related to reproduction of Pacific cod,Gadus macrocephalus in waters of the eastern coast of the northern Kuril Islands and the southern extremity of Kamchatka[J].JAppl Ichthyol,2008,48(4):345-355.
[19]赵金良.我国海水鱼和咸淡水鱼染色体组型研究概述[J].上海水产大学学报,2000,9(4):344-347.
[20]小岛吉雄.水生生物及遗传育种[M].东京:水交出版社,1979:46-62.
[21]李康,桂建芳,洪云汉,等.中国鲤科鱼类染色体组型的研究Ⅴ.亚科10种鱼的染色体组型[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版),1984(3):113-122.
[22]喻子牛,戴继勋.五种经济海水鱼类的染色体研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),1996,26(1):44-48.
[23]舒琥,刘锋,蔡晓阅,等.广东近海11种经济鱼类的染色体组型研究[C]//广东省动物学会.第五届广东、湖南、江西、湖北四省动物学学术研讨会论文摘要汇编.广州:广东省动物学会,2008:3.
[24]范立民,胡庚东,陈家长,等.菊黄东方鲀核型的研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1):70-72.
[25]陈家长,胡庚东,尤洋,等.三种东方鲀核型的研究[J].中国畜禽种业,2005(7):46-48.
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