硬杂木屑替代桦木屑栽培桦褐孔菌
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摘要
为获得广泛栽培原料和提高栽培菌核生物学效率,开展了桦褐孔菌人工栽培比较试验,并利用桦褐孔菌常规栽培配方筛选人工栽培管理条件。试验获得桦木屑培养料出核最佳条件:菌袋不割口,无棉盖体封口,温度20～25℃,光照200 lx,基质含水量60%。菌丝粗壮,浓密,生长速度快;菌核出现早,数量多,颜色深,产量高。此管理条件下,通过桦木屑、杂木屑+玉米芯的复方栽培基质比较,获得了代用栽培料配方:杂木屑46%,玉米芯40%,麦麸10%,豆粉2%,白糖1%,石膏1%,水分60%,pH自然。菌核产量27.5 g/袋,生物学效率达30.7%,该配方与桦木屑基质菌核产量差异不显著。
In order to obtain more types of raw materials for cultivation and improve the biological efficiency of sclerotia,one comparative experiment of artificial cultivation was carried out. The artificial cultivation conditions of inonotus obliquus were screened by routine cultivation formula. The results showed that the optimum conditions for nucleation include no cutting on bag,no sealing of cotton body,20 and 25℃ temperature,200 lx illumination,and 60% moisture content. The hypha turned out to be thick and dense,and fast growth. The sclerotia appeared early,and the yield of sclerotia was high with deep color. Comparing birch sawdust with complex sawdust and corn cob,the formula of substitutes was set up. The substitute medium formula includes wood chips 46%,corncob 40%,wheat bran 10%,soybean flour 2%,sugar 1%,gypsum 1%,moisture 60%,natural pH. The yield was 27.5 g per bag,and the biological efficiency was 30.7%.There was no significant different yield between mixed sawdust-corn cob substrate and birch sawdust substrate.
In order to obtain more types of raw materials for cultivation and improve the biological efficiency of sclerotia,one comparative experiment of artificial cultivation was carried out. The artificial cultivation conditions of inonotus obliquus were screened by routine cultivation formula. The results showed that the optimum conditions for nucleation include no cutting on bag,no sealing of cotton body,20 and 25℃ temperature,200 lx illumination,and 60% moisture content. The hypha turned out to be thick and dense,and fast growth. The sclerotia appeared early,and the yield of sclerotia was high with deep color. Comparing birch sawdust with complex sawdust and corn cob,the formula of substitutes was set up. The substitute medium formula includes wood chips 46%,corncob 40%,wheat bran 10%,soybean flour 2%,sugar 1%,gypsum 1%,moisture 60%,natural pH. The yield was 27.5 g per bag,and the biological efficiency was 30.7%.There was no significant different yield between mixed sawdust-corn cob substrate and birch sawdust substrate.
引文
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[20]冀宏,陈文杰,马允莉,等.野生桦褐孔菌JS-1训化栽培研究[J].北方园艺,2009(2):229-232.
[21]吴珊姣.桦褐孔菌对木材不同腐朽阶段真菌群落研究及其人工栽培[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013,30-32.
[22]郭晓帆,陈艳秋.桦褐孔菌不同菌株的生物学特性研究[J].特产研究,2007,(1):14-16.
[2]陈艳秋.桦褐孔菌的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2005,32(2):124-127.
[3]巩婷,温艳华,陈尔东,等.担子菌类真菌新产物研究进展[J].菌物研究,2017,15(2):89-111.
[4]苏玲,刘宇,刘岱尧,等.桦褐孔菌多糖生物活性及构效关系的研究进展[J].菌物研究,2018,16(3):132-137.
[5]高琴琴,包海鹰.绒盖牛肝菌酸HPLC检测方法的建立及在大鼠体内的药代动力学[J].菌物研究,2017,15(3):201-207.
[6]崔杰,于新,王立勋,等.桦褐孔菌化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J].河北中医药学报,2017,32(3):48-53.
[7]Polkovnikova M V,Nosik N N,Garaev T M,et al.A study of the antiherpetic activity of the chaga mushroom(Inonotus obliquus)extracts in the Vero cells infected with the herpes simplex virus[J].Vopr Virusol,2014,59(2):45-48.
[8]Lee H S,Kim E J,Kim S H.Ethanol extract of Inonotus obliquus(Chaga mushroom)induces G1 cell cycle arrest in HT-29human colon cancer cells[J].Nutr Res Pract,2015,9(2):111-116.
[9]王平,吴苏芳,梁永红,等.桦褐孔菌菌质多糖的制备及其对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].菌物研究,2017,15(2):133-136.
[10]李东文,龙凯,苏明声,等.桦褐孔菌菌质活性组分的提取及其体外抗氧化作用[J].菌物研究,2018,16(1):51-56.
[11]陈艳秋,张立秋,郭晓帆.桦褐孔菌的人工驯化栽培[J].东北林业大学学报,2006(3):9-11.
[12]傅常娥,郭晓帆,隋飞飞,等.桦褐孔菌菌株遗传多样性分析方法的比较[J].延边大学农学学报,2013,35(1):23-27.
[13]赵丽,陈艳秋,李玉.桦褐孔菌菌株栽培试验[J].食用菌,2010(6):20-21.
[14]韩增华,张介驰,刘佳宁,等.代料栽培桦褐孔菌比较试验[J].食用菌学报,2010,17(2):32-34.
[15]张春凤,陈艳秋,郭晓帆.8个桦褐孔菌菌株比较试验[J].特产研究,2007(2):47-50.
[16]闫可,朴松洙,傅常娥,等.桦褐孔菌不同菌株培养特性及人工栽培比较[J].延边大学农学学报,2011,33(4):236-241.
[17]郑社会,余建妹.桦褐孔菌人工栽培试验[J].食药用菌,2013,21(3):174-175.
[18]孙勇,蒋继宏,陈凤美.桦褐孔菌代料栽培初探[J].食用菌,2007(4):44-45.
[19]韩增华,高娃,马银鹏,等.桦褐孔菌野生分离菌株的比较与栽培选育[J].菌物研究,2015,13(1):55-62.
[20]冀宏,陈文杰,马允莉,等.野生桦褐孔菌JS-1训化栽培研究[J].北方园艺,2009(2):229-232.
[21]吴珊姣.桦褐孔菌对木材不同腐朽阶段真菌群落研究及其人工栽培[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2013,30-32.
[22]郭晓帆,陈艳秋.桦褐孔菌不同菌株的生物学特性研究[J].特产研究,2007,(1):14-16.
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