马铃薯块茎形成期增温对其淀粉含量、淀粉酶活性及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】本文研究了块茎形成期增温对马铃薯淀粉形成期及之后淀粉、淀粉酶活性的影响机理。【方法】试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设3种处理,常温处理(T1):(25±2)℃,当地自然温度(T2):(29±2)℃,高温处理(T3):(35±2)℃。在马铃薯块茎形成初期进行温度处理,在马铃薯块茎形成初期、中期、后期、块茎膨大期、主要淀粉积累期及收获期测定块茎总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉含量,ADPG-PPase、GBSSase、SSSase、SBEase活性以及产量及构成因素。【结果】与T1处理相比,T3降低总淀粉含量、直链和支链淀粉含量分别降低33.70%,7.85%和35.88%;T3处理淀粉形成关键酶ADPG-PPase、GBSSase、SSSase、SBEase活性较T1分别降低32.24%、27.90%、16.11%和42.74%,通过通径分析,马铃薯淀粉形成关键酶对不同生长阶段淀粉形成的影响不同得出:①高温不利于马铃薯块茎淀粉的形成;②块茎形成期高温会降低马铃薯淀粉形成酶ADPG-PPase、GBSSase、SSSase、SBEase的活性;③块茎形成期高温对马铃薯产量的影响达到显著水平,降低其经济效益。【结论】在马铃薯块茎形成期低温有利于马铃薯块茎的形成及后期淀粉的积累,以期为宁夏南部旱作雨养区马铃薯高产高效栽培措施提供一定的理论依据。
【Objective】This paper aimed to study the mechanism of the effect of high temperature during tuber formation on potato starch formation.【Method】The test was designed using a single factor randomized block design with 3 treatments[ room temperature treatment(T1):(25±2)℃, local natural temperature(T2):(29 ±2)℃, and high temperature treatment(T3):(35 ±2)℃. In the potato tuber formation stage, the total starch, amylopectin and amylose content of tubers, ADPG-PPase, GBSSase, SSSase and SBEase activity, as well as yield and composition factors, were determined in the early, middle and late stages of potato tuber formation, tuber expansion, major starch accumulation and ripening harvest. 【Result】Compared with T1 treatment, T3 reduced total starch content, linear and amylopectin content by 33.70 %, 7.85 % and 35.88 %, respectively; T3 treatment of starch formation key enzymes ADPG-PPase, GBSSase, SSSase, SBEase activity than that of T1 decreased by 32.24 %, 27.90 %, 16.11 % and 42.74 %, respectively; Through path analysis, the effects of key enzymes of potato starch formation on starch formation in different growth stages were different.(i) High temperature was not conducive to the formation of potato tuber starch;(ii) High temperature during tuber formation reduced the activity of potato starch forming enzymes ADPG-PPase, GBSSase, SSSase and SBEase;(iii) The effect of high temperature on tuber production during the tuber formation period reached a significant level, reducing its economic benefits. 【Conclusion】The low temperature during potato tuber formation was conducive to the formation of potato tubers and the accumulation of starch in the later stage, which would provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation and breeding of potato in the rain-fed areas of southern Ningxia.
【Objective】This paper aimed to study the mechanism of the effect of high temperature during tuber formation on potato starch formation.【Method】The test was designed using a single factor randomized block design with 3 treatments[ room temperature treatment(T1):(25±2)℃, local natural temperature(T2):(29 ±2)℃, and high temperature treatment(T3):(35 ±2)℃. In the potato tuber formation stage, the total starch, amylopectin and amylose content of tubers, ADPG-PPase, GBSSase, SSSase and SBEase activity, as well as yield and composition factors, were determined in the early, middle and late stages of potato tuber formation, tuber expansion, major starch accumulation and ripening harvest. 【Result】Compared with T1 treatment, T3 reduced total starch content, linear and amylopectin content by 33.70 %, 7.85 % and 35.88 %, respectively; T3 treatment of starch formation key enzymes ADPG-PPase, GBSSase, SSSase, SBEase activity than that of T1 decreased by 32.24 %, 27.90 %, 16.11 % and 42.74 %, respectively; Through path analysis, the effects of key enzymes of potato starch formation on starch formation in different growth stages were different.(i) High temperature was not conducive to the formation of potato tuber starch;(ii) High temperature during tuber formation reduced the activity of potato starch forming enzymes ADPG-PPase, GBSSase, SSSase and SBEase;(iii) The effect of high temperature on tuber production during the tuber formation period reached a significant level, reducing its economic benefits. 【Conclusion】The low temperature during potato tuber formation was conducive to the formation of potato tubers and the accumulation of starch in the later stage, which would provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation and breeding of potato in the rain-fed areas of southern Ningxia.
引文
[1]池再香,杜正静,杨再禹,等.贵州西部马铃薯生育期气候因子变化规律及其影响分析[J].中国农业气象,2012,33(3):417-423.
[2]朱赟赟,王连喜,李琪,等.气候因子对宁夏不同区域马铃薯气象产量的影响效应分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(6):89-95.
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[5]TEPER-BAMNOLKER P,FISCHER N D R,BELAUSOV E,et al.Mint essential oil can induce or inhibit potato sprouting by dilferential alteration of apical meristem[J].Planta,2011,232:179-186.
[6]Belanger G,Walsh J R.Tuber Growth and Biomass Partitioning of Two Potato Cultivars Grown under Different N Fertilization Rates with and without Irrigation[J].Amer J of Potato Res,2001,78:109-117.
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[8]高亮之,金之庆.全球气候变化和中国的农业[J].江苏农业学报,1994(2):1-10.
[9]肖国举,仇正跻,张峰举,等.增温对西北半干旱区马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):830-836.
[10]姚建成.气象对农作物生长的影响[J].农业与技术,2017,37(20):244.
[11]张延.气候变化对关中地区冬小麦耗水和产量的影响及适应策略[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[12]陈楠楠.温度和二氧化碳升高对稻麦产量及生物量影响的整合分析研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[13]姚玉璧,杨金虎,肖国举,等.气候变暖对马铃薯生长发育及产量影响研究进展与展望[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(3):538-546.
[14]戴鸣凯,张志忠,刘爽,等.高温胁迫对马铃薯幼苗生长和部分生理指标的影响[J].农学学报,2018,8(9):9-14.
[15]王连喜,金鑫,李剑萍,等.短期高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(17):10207-10210+10352.
[16]任彩虹,闫桂琴,郜刚,等.高温胁迫对马铃薯幼苗叶片生理效应的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2007(1):5-10.
[17]Edwards A,Hylton C,Gidley M,et al.A combined reduction in activity of starch synthases II and III of potatohas novel effects on the starch of tubers[J].The Plant Journal,1999,17:251-261.
[18]张卫东,徐长鹏,冯小龙,等.双波长法测定玉米微孔淀粉的直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量[J].食品工业,2013,34(2):177-179.
[19]唐宏亮.马铃薯淀粉合成关键酶活性变化及对块茎淀粉含量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[20]程方民,蒋德安,吴平,等.早籼稻籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉合成酶的变化及温度效应特征[J].作物学报,2001(2):201-206.
[21]张胜.遗传因素和环境条件对马铃薯产量、品质、养分吸收影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[22]张新永,郭华春.马铃薯淀粉含量与生长特性相关性的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2004(1):48-50.
[23]霍丹丹.干旱胁迫对马铃薯淀粉积累及关键酶活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[24]慕宇.高温对马铃薯块茎淀粉和产量形成的影响机理研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[25]甘晓燕,巩檑,张丽,等.马铃薯块茎淀粉积累及相关酶活性的研究[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(11):4625-4628.
[26]赵晶晶,姚珊,李昱,等.花后干旱对春小麦籽粒淀粉含量及淀粉形成关键酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):104-110.
[27]Jenner C F.The physiology of starch and protein desposition in the endosperm of wheat[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1991,18(3):211-226.
[28]冯波,李升东,李华伟,等.灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热性小麦品种形态和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2019,27(3):451-461.
[29]慕宇,米美多,孙立影,等.氮肥基追比对花后高温胁迫的春小麦光合特性影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(5):1027-1034.
[30]谢华英,马均,代邹,等.抽穗期高温干旱胁迫对杂交水稻产量及生理特性的影响[J].杂交水稻,2016,31(1):62-69+79.
[2]朱赟赟,王连喜,李琪,等.气候因子对宁夏不同区域马铃薯气象产量的影响效应分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(6):89-95.
[3]孙芳,林而达,武艳娟.宁夏气候变化及其对马铃薯生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008(4):465-471.
[4]Xu X,Pan S K,Cheng S F,et al.Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato[J].Nature,2011,475(7355):189-195.
[5]TEPER-BAMNOLKER P,FISCHER N D R,BELAUSOV E,et al.Mint essential oil can induce or inhibit potato sprouting by dilferential alteration of apical meristem[J].Planta,2011,232:179-186.
[6]Belanger G,Walsh J R.Tuber Growth and Biomass Partitioning of Two Potato Cultivars Grown under Different N Fertilization Rates with and without Irrigation[J].Amer J of Potato Res,2001,78:109-117.
[7]Deblonde P M K,Haverkort A J,Ledent J F,et al.Responses of early and late potato cultivars to moderate drought conditions:agronomic parameters and carbon isotope discrimination[J].European Journal of Agronomy,1999(1):91-105.
[8]高亮之,金之庆.全球气候变化和中国的农业[J].江苏农业学报,1994(2):1-10.
[9]肖国举,仇正跻,张峰举,等.增温对西北半干旱区马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):830-836.
[10]姚建成.气象对农作物生长的影响[J].农业与技术,2017,37(20):244.
[11]张延.气候变化对关中地区冬小麦耗水和产量的影响及适应策略[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.
[12]陈楠楠.温度和二氧化碳升高对稻麦产量及生物量影响的整合分析研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[13]姚玉璧,杨金虎,肖国举,等.气候变暖对马铃薯生长发育及产量影响研究进展与展望[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(3):538-546.
[14]戴鸣凯,张志忠,刘爽,等.高温胁迫对马铃薯幼苗生长和部分生理指标的影响[J].农学学报,2018,8(9):9-14.
[15]王连喜,金鑫,李剑萍,等.短期高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(17):10207-10210+10352.
[16]任彩虹,闫桂琴,郜刚,等.高温胁迫对马铃薯幼苗叶片生理效应的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2007(1):5-10.
[17]Edwards A,Hylton C,Gidley M,et al.A combined reduction in activity of starch synthases II and III of potatohas novel effects on the starch of tubers[J].The Plant Journal,1999,17:251-261.
[18]张卫东,徐长鹏,冯小龙,等.双波长法测定玉米微孔淀粉的直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量[J].食品工业,2013,34(2):177-179.
[19]唐宏亮.马铃薯淀粉合成关键酶活性变化及对块茎淀粉含量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.
[20]程方民,蒋德安,吴平,等.早籼稻籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉合成酶的变化及温度效应特征[J].作物学报,2001(2):201-206.
[21]张胜.遗传因素和环境条件对马铃薯产量、品质、养分吸收影响的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[22]张新永,郭华春.马铃薯淀粉含量与生长特性相关性的研究进展[J].作物杂志,2004(1):48-50.
[23]霍丹丹.干旱胁迫对马铃薯淀粉积累及关键酶活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[24]慕宇.高温对马铃薯块茎淀粉和产量形成的影响机理研究[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[25]甘晓燕,巩檑,张丽,等.马铃薯块茎淀粉积累及相关酶活性的研究[J].分子植物育种,2017,15(11):4625-4628.
[26]赵晶晶,姚珊,李昱,等.花后干旱对春小麦籽粒淀粉含量及淀粉形成关键酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):104-110.
[27]Jenner C F.The physiology of starch and protein desposition in the endosperm of wheat[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1991,18(3):211-226.
[28]冯波,李升东,李华伟,等.灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热性小麦品种形态和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2019,27(3):451-461.
[29]慕宇,米美多,孙立影,等.氮肥基追比对花后高温胁迫的春小麦光合特性影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(5):1027-1034.
[30]谢华英,马均,代邹,等.抽穗期高温干旱胁迫对杂交水稻产量及生理特性的影响[J].杂交水稻,2016,31(1):62-69+79.
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