不同生境下橘小实蝇种群消长规律及其与气象要素的相关性
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摘要
【目的】弄清常绿和落叶果树两种不同生境下橘小实蝇种群消长规律及其与气象要素相关性,为制定针对性强及有效的综合防控措施提供参考依据。【方法】采用性信息素诱捕的动态监测法,2015—2017年调查常绿和落叶果树两种不同生境橘小实蝇种群消长规律,采用SPSS软件分析其与旬均最高气温、旬均最低气温、旬均气温,旬均降雨量和旬均日照时数5个气象要素相关性。【结果】在常绿果树柑橘园和落叶果树月柿园内,1—2月最冷月份均可诱到少量雄成虫,并表现出1—2月诱虫量多的年份当年的诱虫总量也多,当年橘小实蝇可能会大发生;两种不同生境下橘小实蝇的始盛期、盛发期和盛末期基本一致,多数年份分别在5月中下旬、5月下旬至11月中下旬和12月上中旬;旬均最高气温和旬均最低气温是影响两种生境下橘小实蝇种群消长规律最重要的气象因子。【结论】常绿和落叶果树两种不同生境下橘小实蝇种群消长规律相似。冬季诱捕虫量多的年份,当年橘小实蝇可能会大发生;旬均最高气温和旬均最低气温是影响两种生境下橘小实蝇种群消长规律最重要的气象因子。
【Objective】The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel(Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the major and widespread destructive pests in agriculture with a host range of > 46 families and 250 species of fruits and vegetables in temperate, tropical and sub-tropical areas. Adult oriental fruit fly lay eggs inside the fruits of different types of host plants for feeding and oviposition, costing millions of dollars every year. This pest represents a major biosecurity threat to the horticulture sector of many countries in the world. The objective of this study is to determine the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in evergreen citrus and deciduous persimmon orchards in Guangxi, and analyze the correlation between population dynamics of B. dorsalis and meteorological factors. Information gained from this study is expected to provide effective strategies for managing this pest.【Methods】Sex pheromone traps were used to detect the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in the citrus(Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin City) and the persimmon orchards(Pingle and Gongcheng Counties, Guilin City) in Guangxi from 2015 to 2017. Two traps(distance of each trap = 30 m) were hung on fruit trees within these areas mentioned above. The sex pheromone traps were set at 1.5-2.0 m above the ground(modified by the species of fruit tree) and were checked once every 10 days. Numbers of male B. dorsalis captured by these traps were recorded. Meteorological data including ten-day mean maximum temperature(℃, X1), mean minimum temperature(℃, X2) and mean temperature(℃, X3); ten-day rainfall amounts(mm, X4); and ten-day sunlight hours(h, X5) were provided by Guangxi Meteorological Administration.The correlation between population dynamics of B. dorsalis and these meteorological data, and the principal components in these main meteorological factors were analyzed using SPSS software.【Results】Males of B. dorsalis were captured by sex pheromone traps from late May to middle Dec. in the seasons from 2015 to 2017. Periods of inception of peak, peak of emergence, and end of peak of B. dorsalis in the citrus orchard were consistent with those in persimmon orchards, which occurred in late May, late May to Nov. and middle Dec., respectively. A few male adults were captured by sex pheromone traps in Jan. and Feb. from 2015 to 2017, which were the coldest months during the year. Higher number of male adults captured by sex pheromone traps in Jan. and Feb. indicated greater likelihood of population outbreak in this year. Population dynamics of B. dorsalis had positive correlations with the ten-day mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and mean temperature, and ten-day sunlight hours in both citrus and persimmon orchards from 2015 to 2017(p < 0.05). However, ten-day rainfall amounts had not any correlation with the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in the two different habitats(p > 0.05). Ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were the important meteorological factors influencing the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in the citrus and persimmon orchards. In the citrus orchard in Guilin, the proportions of variance contribution of ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were 89.190% and 10.139%,with function expressions of F1 = 0.000 X1 + 0.005 X2 + 0.129 X3-7.855 X4-42.622 X5 and F2 = 0.000 X1 +0.004 X2 + 0.138 X3 + 6.629 X4-48.457 X5, respectively. In the persimmon orchard at Pingle County, proportions of ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were70.433% and 27.201%, with function expressions of F1 = 0.001 X1 + 0.004 X2 + 0.093 X3 + 4.787 X4-32.231 X5 and F2 = 0.001 X1 + 0.003 X2 + 0.104 X3-3.964 X4-38.480 X5, respectively. In the persimmon orchard at Gongcheng County, proportions of ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were 78.929% and 19.436%, with function expressions of F1 = 0.000 X1 + 0.005 X2 +0.099 X3-6.026 X4-32.602 X5 and F2 = 0.000 X1 + 0.004 X2 + 0.106 X3 + 5.024 X4-39.649 X5, respectively.【Conclusion】Population dynamics of B. dorsalis in evergreen citrus orchards was similar to those in deciduous persimmon orchards in Guilin, Guangxi Province. Higher number of male adults captured by sex pheromone traps in Jan. and Feb. means higher possibility of the population outbreak in this year.Ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were the most important meteorological factors influencing the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in Guilin, Guangxi Province.
【Objective】The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel(Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the major and widespread destructive pests in agriculture with a host range of > 46 families and 250 species of fruits and vegetables in temperate, tropical and sub-tropical areas. Adult oriental fruit fly lay eggs inside the fruits of different types of host plants for feeding and oviposition, costing millions of dollars every year. This pest represents a major biosecurity threat to the horticulture sector of many countries in the world. The objective of this study is to determine the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in evergreen citrus and deciduous persimmon orchards in Guangxi, and analyze the correlation between population dynamics of B. dorsalis and meteorological factors. Information gained from this study is expected to provide effective strategies for managing this pest.【Methods】Sex pheromone traps were used to detect the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in the citrus(Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin City) and the persimmon orchards(Pingle and Gongcheng Counties, Guilin City) in Guangxi from 2015 to 2017. Two traps(distance of each trap = 30 m) were hung on fruit trees within these areas mentioned above. The sex pheromone traps were set at 1.5-2.0 m above the ground(modified by the species of fruit tree) and were checked once every 10 days. Numbers of male B. dorsalis captured by these traps were recorded. Meteorological data including ten-day mean maximum temperature(℃, X1), mean minimum temperature(℃, X2) and mean temperature(℃, X3); ten-day rainfall amounts(mm, X4); and ten-day sunlight hours(h, X5) were provided by Guangxi Meteorological Administration.The correlation between population dynamics of B. dorsalis and these meteorological data, and the principal components in these main meteorological factors were analyzed using SPSS software.【Results】Males of B. dorsalis were captured by sex pheromone traps from late May to middle Dec. in the seasons from 2015 to 2017. Periods of inception of peak, peak of emergence, and end of peak of B. dorsalis in the citrus orchard were consistent with those in persimmon orchards, which occurred in late May, late May to Nov. and middle Dec., respectively. A few male adults were captured by sex pheromone traps in Jan. and Feb. from 2015 to 2017, which were the coldest months during the year. Higher number of male adults captured by sex pheromone traps in Jan. and Feb. indicated greater likelihood of population outbreak in this year. Population dynamics of B. dorsalis had positive correlations with the ten-day mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and mean temperature, and ten-day sunlight hours in both citrus and persimmon orchards from 2015 to 2017(p < 0.05). However, ten-day rainfall amounts had not any correlation with the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in the two different habitats(p > 0.05). Ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were the important meteorological factors influencing the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in the citrus and persimmon orchards. In the citrus orchard in Guilin, the proportions of variance contribution of ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were 89.190% and 10.139%,with function expressions of F1 = 0.000 X1 + 0.005 X2 + 0.129 X3-7.855 X4-42.622 X5 and F2 = 0.000 X1 +0.004 X2 + 0.138 X3 + 6.629 X4-48.457 X5, respectively. In the persimmon orchard at Pingle County, proportions of ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were70.433% and 27.201%, with function expressions of F1 = 0.001 X1 + 0.004 X2 + 0.093 X3 + 4.787 X4-32.231 X5 and F2 = 0.001 X1 + 0.003 X2 + 0.104 X3-3.964 X4-38.480 X5, respectively. In the persimmon orchard at Gongcheng County, proportions of ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were 78.929% and 19.436%, with function expressions of F1 = 0.000 X1 + 0.005 X2 +0.099 X3-6.026 X4-32.602 X5 and F2 = 0.000 X1 + 0.004 X2 + 0.106 X3 + 5.024 X4-39.649 X5, respectively.【Conclusion】Population dynamics of B. dorsalis in evergreen citrus orchards was similar to those in deciduous persimmon orchards in Guilin, Guangxi Province. Higher number of male adults captured by sex pheromone traps in Jan. and Feb. means higher possibility of the population outbreak in this year.Ten-day mean maximum temperature and ten-day mean minimum temperature were the most important meteorological factors influencing the population dynamics of B. dorsalis in Guilin, Guangxi Province.
引文
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[2]张格成,李继祥.柑桔小实蝇主要生物生态学和综合治理综述[J].广西柑桔,1997(3):10-11.ZHANG Gecheng,LI Jixiang.Advances in research of bioecology and integrated management of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)[J].Southern Horticulture,1997(3):10-11.
[3]梁光红,陈家骅,杨建全,黄居昌,季清娥.桔小实蝇国内研究概况[J].华东昆虫学报,2003,12(2):90-98.LIANG Guanghong,CHEN Jiahua,YANG Jianquan,HUANGJuchang,JI Qing’e.Advances in research of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)in China[J].Entomological Journal of East China,2003,12(2):90-98.
[4]黄素青,韩日畴.桔小实蝇的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2005,42(5):479-484.HUANG Suqing,HAN Richou.Study advance of Bactrocera dorsali[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2005,42(5):479-484.
[5]林进添,曾玲,陆永跃,梁广文,许益镌.桔小实蝇的生物学特性及防治研究进展[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2004,17(1):60-67.LIN Jintian,ZENG Ling,LU Yongyue,LIANG Guangwen,XUYijuan.Research advances in biology and control of Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)[J].Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology,2004,17(1):60-67.
[6]马兴莉,李志红,胡学难,吴佳教.橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南亚果实蝇对广东省造成的经济损失评估[J].植物检疫,2013,27(3):50-56.MA Xingli,LI Zhihong,HU Xuenan,WU Jiajiao.The assessment of the economic losses caused by Bactrocera dorsalis,B.cucurbitae and B.tau to Guangdong Province[J].Plant Quarantine,2013,27(3):50-56.
[7]屈海学,孙静双.北京地区橘小实蝇的生活习性观察[J].中国园艺文摘,2013,(2):51,62.QU Haixue,SUN Jingshuang.Observation of the living habit of Bactrocera dorsalis[J].Chinese Horticulture Abstracts,2013,(2):51,62.
[8]林进添,曾玲,宾淑英,梁广文,曹俐.性诱剂防治桔小实蝇的效果评价[J].仲恺农业技术学院学报,2005,18(2):10-14.LIN Jintian,ZENG Ling,BIN Shuying,LIANG Guangwen,CAO Li.Efficacy of sexual trap on oriental fruit fly Bactrocera(Bactrocera)dorsalis(Hendel)[J].Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology,2005,18(2):10-14.
[9]王玉玲.桔小实蝇的发生与诱杀防治研究进展[J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35(2):253-259.WANG Yuling.Study advance in incidence and trap control of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)[J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2013,35(2):253-259.
[10]廖宪成,谢培超,卢进才,杨仁雄.5种防治措施对柑桔园桔小实蝇的防治效果观察[J].广西植保,2013,26(3):10-11.LIAO Xiancheng,XIE Peichao,LU Jincai,YANG Renxiong.Efficacy of 5 control measures against Bactrocera dorsalis in citrus orchards[J].Guangxi Plant Protection,2013,26(3):10-11.
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