不同林龄杉木人工林土壤微生物群落代谢功能差异
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摘要
【目的】研究不同林龄杉木人工林土壤理化性质以及微生物对碳源利用的差异,明确林龄对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,为杉木人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。【方法】在福建武夷山脉选择3、12和38年生的杉木人工林,采用Biolog-ECO法研究不同林龄杉木人工林表土层(0～20 cm)土壤微生物对碳源的利用特征,并对土壤微生物利用各类碳源的特性进行热图分析、主成分分析(PCA)和相关性分析,揭示利用碳源的差异及导致差异的主要影响因素。【结果】不同林龄杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、McIntosh多样性指数和McIntosh均匀度指数均随林龄的增加而增加。在96～168 h培养时间内,38年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性显著高于12年生和3年生(P<0.05)。38年生对酚酸类、胺类和氨基酸的利用强度较大,12年生对酚酸类、多聚物和氨基酸的利用强度较大,3年生对多聚物、羧酸和碳水化合物的利用强度较大,并且38年生土壤微生物群落代谢碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸和胺类的强度显著高于3年生,而12年生和3年生土壤微生物群落对6类碳源的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。热图分析结果表明:38年生和12年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落能够代谢31种碳源底物,而3年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落仅能代谢19种碳源底物。环境因子中,土壤pH、全氮、速效钾和碳氮比能够显著影响微生物群落的代谢功能。【结论】38年生杉木人工林表土层(0～20 cm)土壤微生物群落代谢活性和多样性最高,3年生最低,pH、全氮含量随林龄的增加而上升,碳氮比则随林龄增加而下降,因此林龄是驱动杉木人工林土壤生物学和非生物性质变化的重要因素。
【Objective】 This paper aimed to study the differences in soil physical and chemical properties and utilization of carbon source by microbial communities, and the influences of stand age of Chinese fir plantationson soil microbial functional diversities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable management of Chinese fir plantation. 【Method】 The 3-, 12-and 38-year-old Chinese fir plantations were targeted in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province. Biolog-ECO method was used to study the characteristics of carbon utilization by soil microorganisms in the topsoil layer(0-20 cm) of Chinese fir plantations at different stand ages. The heatmap analysis, principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to reveal the differences in use of various carbon sources by microorganisms and the main influencing factors that cause differences. 【Result】 The results showed that the metabolic activity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′), Pielou evenness index(J),Simpson diversity index(D), McIntosh Diversity Index(U) and McIntoshevenness index(E) all gradually increased with the increase of stand age. The metabolic activity of soil microbial community in 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation was significantly higher than that of 12-and 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation(P<0.05). And the utilization intensity of phenolic acids, amines and amino acids in 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher, that of phenolic acids, polymers and amino acids in 12-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher, and that of polyphenols, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates in 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher. In 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation, the utilization intensity of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids and amines was significantly higher than that in 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation, while there was no significant difference in the utilization intensity of the six types carbon sources by soil microbial communities between 12-year-old and 3-year-old(P>0.05). The results of heatmap analysis showed that soil microbial community of 38-and 12-year-old Chinese fir plantations could metabolize 31 kinds of carbon sources, while the soil microbial community of 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation could only metabolize 19 kinds of carbon sources. Among environmental factors, soil pH, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio(C∶N) had significant effects on the metabolic function of microbial communities. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the soil microbial community of 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation had the highest metabolic activity and diversity, and the 3-year-old had the lowest among the three forest ages. The pH and total N content increased with the increase of forest age, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio decreased with the increase of forest age, indicating that the stand age was an important factor driving soil biotic and abiotic changes in Chinese fir plantations.
【Objective】 This paper aimed to study the differences in soil physical and chemical properties and utilization of carbon source by microbial communities, and the influences of stand age of Chinese fir plantationson soil microbial functional diversities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for sustainable management of Chinese fir plantation. 【Method】 The 3-, 12-and 38-year-old Chinese fir plantations were targeted in Wuyi Mountain, Fujian Province. Biolog-ECO method was used to study the characteristics of carbon utilization by soil microorganisms in the topsoil layer(0-20 cm) of Chinese fir plantations at different stand ages. The heatmap analysis, principal component analysis(PCA) and correlation analysis were used to reveal the differences in use of various carbon sources by microorganisms and the main influencing factors that cause differences. 【Result】 The results showed that the metabolic activity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′), Pielou evenness index(J),Simpson diversity index(D), McIntosh Diversity Index(U) and McIntoshevenness index(E) all gradually increased with the increase of stand age. The metabolic activity of soil microbial community in 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation was significantly higher than that of 12-and 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation(P<0.05). And the utilization intensity of phenolic acids, amines and amino acids in 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher, that of phenolic acids, polymers and amino acids in 12-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher, and that of polyphenols, carboxylic acids and carbohydrates in 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation was higher. In 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation, the utilization intensity of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids and amines was significantly higher than that in 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation, while there was no significant difference in the utilization intensity of the six types carbon sources by soil microbial communities between 12-year-old and 3-year-old(P>0.05). The results of heatmap analysis showed that soil microbial community of 38-and 12-year-old Chinese fir plantations could metabolize 31 kinds of carbon sources, while the soil microbial community of 3-year-old Chinese fir plantation could only metabolize 19 kinds of carbon sources. Among environmental factors, soil pH, total nitrogen and carbon to nitrogen ratio(C∶N) had significant effects on the metabolic function of microbial communities. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the soil microbial community of 38-year-old Chinese fir plantation had the highest metabolic activity and diversity, and the 3-year-old had the lowest among the three forest ages. The pH and total N content increased with the increase of forest age, and the carbon to nitrogen ratio decreased with the increase of forest age, indicating that the stand age was an important factor driving soil biotic and abiotic changes in Chinese fir plantations.
引文
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盛炜彤,杨承栋,范少辉.2003.杉木人工林的土壤性质变化.林业科学研究,16(4):377-385.(Sheng W T,Yang C D,Fan S H.2003.Variation of soil properties of Chinese fir plantation.Forest Research,16(4):377-385.[in Chinese])
王丹,戴伟,王兵,等.2010.杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤性质变化的研究.北京林业大学学报,32(3):59-63.(Wang D,Dai W,Wang B,et al.2010.Changes of soil properties at different developmental stages of Chinese fir plantations.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,32(3):59-63.[in Chinese])
王珍,曹光球,张月全,等.2017.凋落物配比对杉木土壤微生物碳代谢多样性的影响.福建林学院学报,37(2):148-154.(Wang Z,Cao G Q,Zhang Y Q,et al.2017.Responses of carbon metabolism diversity of topsoil microbial to the litterfall addition in Cunninghamia laneolata plantation.Journal of Forest and Environment,37(2):148-154.[in Chinese])
魏志超,黄娟,刘雨晖,等.2017.不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤细菌类群特征.西南林业大学学报,37(5):122-129.(Wei Z C,Huang J,Liu Y H,et al.2017.Community characteristics of soil bacteria of Cunninghamia laneolata plantations at different development stages.Journal of Southwest Forestry University,37(5):122-129.[in Chinese])
吴永铃,王兵,赵超,等.2011.杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤肥力综合评价研究.西北农林科技大学学报,39(1):69-75.(Wu Y L,Wang B,Zhao C,et al.2011.Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility in different developing stages of Chinese fir plantations.Journal of Northwest A&F University,39(1):69-75.[in Chinese])
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李世朋,蔡祖聪,杨浩.2008.不同植被下红壤性质对细菌碳源利用的影响.应用与环境生物学报,14(6):793-797.(Li S P,Cai Z C,Yang H.2008.Effect of red soil properties under different vegetation types on bacterial carbon source utilization.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,14(6):793-797.[in Chinese])
林开敏,俞新妥,黄宝龙,等.2001.杉木人工林林下植物物种多样性的动态特征.应用与环境生物学报,7(1):13-19.(Lin K M,Yu X T,Huang B L,et al.2001.Dynamic characteristics of undergrowth plant diversity in Chinese fir plantations.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,7(1):13-19.[in Chinese])
刘丽,段争虎,汪思龙,等.2009.不同发育阶段杉木人工林对土壤微生物群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,28(12):2417- 2423.(Liu L,Duan Z H,Wang S L,et al.2009.Effects of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations at different developmental stages on soil microbial community structure.Chinese Journal of Ecology,28(12):2417- 2423.[in Chinese])
陆爽,张霞,谭勇,等.2011.栽培红花生长期土壤微生物与土壤理化因子动态.草业科学,28(12):2084-2091.(Lu S,Zhang X,Tan Y,et al.2011.Dynamics between soil microorganism and soil character actors during Carthamus tinctorius growth periods.Pratacultal Science,28(12):2084-2091.[in Chinese])
鲁顺保,张艳杰,陈成榕,等.2013.基于BIOLOG 指纹解析三种不同森林类型土壤细菌群落功能差异.土壤学报,50(3):618-623.(Lu S B,Zhang Y J,Chen C R,et al.2013.Analysis of functional differences between soil bacterial communities in three different types of forest soils based on biology fingerprint.Acta Pedologica Sinica,50(3):618-623.[in Chinese])
申卫收,林先贵,张华勇,等.2008.不同施肥处理下蔬菜塑料大棚土壤微生物活性及功能多样性.生态学报,28(6):2685-2686.(Shen W S,Lin X G,Zhang H Y,et al.2008.Microbial activity and functional diversity in soils used for the commercial production of cucumbers and tomatoes in polytunnel greenhouse,under different fertilization.Acta Ecologica Sinica,28(6):2685-2686.[in Chinese])
盛炜彤,杨承栋,范少辉.2003.杉木人工林的土壤性质变化.林业科学研究,16(4):377-385.(Sheng W T,Yang C D,Fan S H.2003.Variation of soil properties of Chinese fir plantation.Forest Research,16(4):377-385.[in Chinese])
王丹,戴伟,王兵,等.2010.杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤性质变化的研究.北京林业大学学报,32(3):59-63.(Wang D,Dai W,Wang B,et al.2010.Changes of soil properties at different developmental stages of Chinese fir plantations.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,32(3):59-63.[in Chinese])
王珍,曹光球,张月全,等.2017.凋落物配比对杉木土壤微生物碳代谢多样性的影响.福建林学院学报,37(2):148-154.(Wang Z,Cao G Q,Zhang Y Q,et al.2017.Responses of carbon metabolism diversity of topsoil microbial to the litterfall addition in Cunninghamia laneolata plantation.Journal of Forest and Environment,37(2):148-154.[in Chinese])
魏志超,黄娟,刘雨晖,等.2017.不同发育阶段杉木人工林土壤细菌类群特征.西南林业大学学报,37(5):122-129.(Wei Z C,Huang J,Liu Y H,et al.2017.Community characteristics of soil bacteria of Cunninghamia laneolata plantations at different development stages.Journal of Southwest Forestry University,37(5):122-129.[in Chinese])
吴永铃,王兵,赵超,等.2011.杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤肥力综合评价研究.西北农林科技大学学报,39(1):69-75.(Wu Y L,Wang B,Zhao C,et al.2011.Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility in different developing stages of Chinese fir plantations.Journal of Northwest A&F University,39(1):69-75.[in Chinese])
徐秋芳,钱信标.1998.杉木林地土壤微生物数量的分析研究.浙江林业科技,18(1):33-36.(Xu Q F,Qian X B.1998.Study on soil microorganism quantity in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest land.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology,18(1):33-36.[in Chinese])
杨永华,姚健,华晓梅.2000.农药污染对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.微生物学杂志,20(2):23-25.(Yang Y H,Yao J,Hua X M.2000.Effect of pesticide pollution against functional microbial diversity in soil.Journal of Microbiology,20(2):23-25.[in Chinese])
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