耕地优劣度分值的计算与承包经营权互换——耕地集中连片经营的思考
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摘要
[目的]受自然因素和人类活动的影响,农村承包地呈零散分布的状态,分散耕作既耗时又费力,在这样的背景下,进行耕地优劣度分值的计算,以期对村内耕地互换起到参考作用,从而实现耕地集中连片经营。[方法]通过采用问卷调查的方式获得270份有效问卷,得到农户视角下影响耕地优劣度的8个指标及影响大小,利用GIS空间分析功能对土地确权数据进行分析,获取所需数据。[结果](1)通过实地调研得到农户视角下影响耕地优劣度的8个指标,影响大小依次为灌溉条件>土壤肥沃程度>坡度>田块大小>田块连片度>田块规则度=耕作距离>耕作便捷度;(2)研究区3 313块耕地优劣度总分值为21.663 1万分,人均耕地优劣度分值为129,在自愿的条件下,农户可以对拥有相同或者相近优劣度分值的耕地进行互换。这样的互换可以在一定程度上实现耕地集中连片经营。[结论]耕地优劣度分值的确定,对于指导村内承包经营地互换,降低耕地细碎化程度,实现承包地集中连片经营有着重要的参考意义。
Affected by natural factors and human activities, the rural contracted land is scattered, and it is time-consuming and labor-intensive for disperse farming. Under such a background, it is necessary to calculate the score of the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority for cultivated land exchanging in the village, in order to realize the centralized management of cultivated land. Using questionnaires, 270 valid questionnaires, 8 indicators and impacting degrees on affecting the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority from the perspective of farmers were obtained. The Rural Land Rights Confirmation data was analyzed to acquire the necessary data by the spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that(1) Based on the 8 indicators evaluating the degree of good or bad on cultivated land from the farmers′ perspective, the impact intensity ranked as follows, irrigation condition > soil fertility > slope > field size > field contiguous > field regulation degree=cultivation distance>the convenience of farming.(2) The total score of 3 313 cultivated land in the study area was 216 631, and the score of per capita cultivated land was 129. Under voluntary conditions, farmers could exchange the land that have the same or similar scorces of cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority. To some extent, the exchange can achieve the centralized management of the cultivated land. In a word, the scores′ calculation for cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority is of great significance for guiding the exchange of contracted land in the village, reducing the degree of cultivated land fragment, and realizing the centralized operation of contracted land.
Affected by natural factors and human activities, the rural contracted land is scattered, and it is time-consuming and labor-intensive for disperse farming. Under such a background, it is necessary to calculate the score of the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority for cultivated land exchanging in the village, in order to realize the centralized management of cultivated land. Using questionnaires, 270 valid questionnaires, 8 indicators and impacting degrees on affecting the cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority from the perspective of farmers were obtained. The Rural Land Rights Confirmation data was analyzed to acquire the necessary data by the spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that(1) Based on the 8 indicators evaluating the degree of good or bad on cultivated land from the farmers′ perspective, the impact intensity ranked as follows, irrigation condition > soil fertility > slope > field size > field contiguous > field regulation degree=cultivation distance>the convenience of farming.(2) The total score of 3 313 cultivated land in the study area was 216 631, and the score of per capita cultivated land was 129. Under voluntary conditions, farmers could exchange the land that have the same or similar scorces of cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority. To some extent, the exchange can achieve the centralized management of the cultivated land. In a word, the scores′ calculation for cultivated land′s superiority and inferiority is of great significance for guiding the exchange of contracted land in the village, reducing the degree of cultivated land fragment, and realizing the centralized operation of contracted land.
引文
[1] 何如海,高采烈,许曦晖,等.皖北地区耕地资源生态价值及安全评价.辽宁工业大学学报,2018(3):1-3.
[2] 祖健,张蚌蚌,孔祥斌.西南山地丘陵区耕地细碎化特征及其利用效率——以贵州省草海村为例.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(1):104-113.
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[4] 李茜,毕如田.替代生计对农民可持续生计影响的研究——以山西西北四县为例.农业与技术,2008,28(1):141-145.
[5] 孙欣,毕如田,刘慧芳,等.贫困山区耕地细碎化对农户生计策略的影响——以左权县清漳河流域87个村为例.中国土地科学,2018,32(2):40-47.
[6] 王昕,毕如田,赵杰.基于GWR的耕地经营细碎化影响因素研究——以山西省太谷县东贾村为例.山西农业大学学报,2016,36(2):133-138.
[7] 刘玉,刘巧芹,唐秀美,等.平原区耕作单元地块细碎化对小麦机收效率的影响分析.农业机械学报,2018(2)
[8] 许玉光,杨钢桥,文高辉.耕地细碎化对耕地利用效率的影响——基于不同经营规模农户的实证分析.农业现代化研究,2017,38(4):688-695.
[9] 祖健,张蚌蚌,孔祥斌.西南山地丘陵区耕地细碎化特征及其利用效率——以贵州省草海村为例.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(1):104-113.
[10] Bentley J W.Economic and Ecological Approaches to land Fragmentation:In Defense of a Much-Maligned Phenomenon.Annual Review of Anthropology,1987,16(1):31-67.
[11] Hazell P,Place F,Quiggin J.The Economics of Farm Fragmentation:Evidence from Ghana and Rwanda.World Bank Economic Review,1992,6(2):233-254.
[12] Hu W.Household land tenure reform in China:Its impact on farming land use and agro-environment.land Use Policy,1997,14(14):175-186.
[13] 吴克宁,赵瑞,赵华甫.对当前我国耕地质量调查评价的思考.中国土地,2018(3):19-20.
[14] 付国珍,摆万奇.耕地质量评价研究进展及发展趋势.资源科学,2015,37(2):226-236.
[15] 张蚌蚌,孔祥斌,郧文聚,等.我国耕地质量与监控研究综述.中国农业大学学报,2015,20(2):216-222.
[16] 朱道林.正确把握耕地质量内涵.中国国土资源报,2011(7)
[17] 徐小千,汪景宽,李双异,等.基于生态位理论的东北黑土区耕地整治适宜性评价——以公主岭市为例.中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):432-441.
[18] 毕如田,王镔,王晋民.基于MAPGIS的耕地地力评价系统的建立及应用.山西农业大学学报,2005,25(2):97-101.
[19] 王君萍,黄功文.基于GIS的镇巴县耕地质量分等定级.测绘与空间地理信息,2015(2):137-140.
[20] 赵小敏,张军.GIS支持下的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地资源可持续利用评价.土壤学报,2012,49(1):1-8.
[21] 夏咏,张庆红.新疆农业综合生产能力地区差异性评价.资源与产业,2009,11(2):35-40.
[22] 文虎,易正炳,王新军,等.基于GIS的农用地定级研究——以新疆五家渠垦区为例.中国农学通报,2016,32(2):186-192.
[23] 高阳,刘慧芳,毕如田,等.矿农复合区农户耕地利用集约度影响因素分析——以晋城市泽州县22个村为例.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):131-139.
[24] 侯现慧,王占岐,杨俊.富硒区耕地质量评价及利用分区研究——以福建省三元区为例.资源科学,2015,37(7):1367-1375.
[25] 钱凤魁,王秋兵,李娜.基于耕地质量与立地条件综合评价的高标准基本农田划定.农业工程学报,2015,31(18):225-232.
[26] 赵小娟,叶云,周晋皓,等.珠三角丘陵区耕地质量综合评价及指标权重敏感性分析.农业工程学报,2017,33(8):226-235.
[27] 孔祥斌,刘灵伟,秦静,等.基于农户行为的耕地质量评价指标体系构建的理论与方法.地理科学进展,2007,26(4):75-85.
[28] 金晓斌,张鸿辉,周寅康.农用地定级综合评价中权重系数确定方法探讨.南京大学学报,2008,44(4):116-125.
[29] 黄厅厅,卢德彬,杨建.基于GIS的省级耕地质量综合评价及时空演变分析——以贵州省为例.水土保持研究,2017,24(3):253-257.
[30] 姚赫男,李艳,曹宇.基于RS和GIS的耕地资源质量评价——以浙江省富阳市为例.土壤,2013,45(4):732-738.
[31] 纳日麦.基于GIS技术的农用地质量评价.内蒙古师范大学,2013.
[32] 肖鹏.农村土地“三权分置”下的土地承包权初探.中国农业大学学报,2017,34(1):118-125.
[2] 祖健,张蚌蚌,孔祥斌.西南山地丘陵区耕地细碎化特征及其利用效率——以贵州省草海村为例.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(1):104-113.
[3] 梁小青.耕地细碎化——家庭联产承包责任制的“阿喀琉斯之踵”.荆楚理工学院学报,2012,27(5):22-26.
[4] 李茜,毕如田.替代生计对农民可持续生计影响的研究——以山西西北四县为例.农业与技术,2008,28(1):141-145.
[5] 孙欣,毕如田,刘慧芳,等.贫困山区耕地细碎化对农户生计策略的影响——以左权县清漳河流域87个村为例.中国土地科学,2018,32(2):40-47.
[6] 王昕,毕如田,赵杰.基于GWR的耕地经营细碎化影响因素研究——以山西省太谷县东贾村为例.山西农业大学学报,2016,36(2):133-138.
[7] 刘玉,刘巧芹,唐秀美,等.平原区耕作单元地块细碎化对小麦机收效率的影响分析.农业机械学报,2018(2)
[8] 许玉光,杨钢桥,文高辉.耕地细碎化对耕地利用效率的影响——基于不同经营规模农户的实证分析.农业现代化研究,2017,38(4):688-695.
[9] 祖健,张蚌蚌,孔祥斌.西南山地丘陵区耕地细碎化特征及其利用效率——以贵州省草海村为例.中国农业大学学报,2016,21(1):104-113.
[10] Bentley J W.Economic and Ecological Approaches to land Fragmentation:In Defense of a Much-Maligned Phenomenon.Annual Review of Anthropology,1987,16(1):31-67.
[11] Hazell P,Place F,Quiggin J.The Economics of Farm Fragmentation:Evidence from Ghana and Rwanda.World Bank Economic Review,1992,6(2):233-254.
[12] Hu W.Household land tenure reform in China:Its impact on farming land use and agro-environment.land Use Policy,1997,14(14):175-186.
[13] 吴克宁,赵瑞,赵华甫.对当前我国耕地质量调查评价的思考.中国土地,2018(3):19-20.
[14] 付国珍,摆万奇.耕地质量评价研究进展及发展趋势.资源科学,2015,37(2):226-236.
[15] 张蚌蚌,孔祥斌,郧文聚,等.我国耕地质量与监控研究综述.中国农业大学学报,2015,20(2):216-222.
[16] 朱道林.正确把握耕地质量内涵.中国国土资源报,2011(7)
[17] 徐小千,汪景宽,李双异,等.基于生态位理论的东北黑土区耕地整治适宜性评价——以公主岭市为例.中国生态农业学报,2018,26(3):432-441.
[18] 毕如田,王镔,王晋民.基于MAPGIS的耕地地力评价系统的建立及应用.山西农业大学学报,2005,25(2):97-101.
[19] 王君萍,黄功文.基于GIS的镇巴县耕地质量分等定级.测绘与空间地理信息,2015(2):137-140.
[20] 赵小敏,张军.GIS支持下的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地资源可持续利用评价.土壤学报,2012,49(1):1-8.
[21] 夏咏,张庆红.新疆农业综合生产能力地区差异性评价.资源与产业,2009,11(2):35-40.
[22] 文虎,易正炳,王新军,等.基于GIS的农用地定级研究——以新疆五家渠垦区为例.中国农学通报,2016,32(2):186-192.
[23] 高阳,刘慧芳,毕如田,等.矿农复合区农户耕地利用集约度影响因素分析——以晋城市泽州县22个村为例.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):131-139.
[24] 侯现慧,王占岐,杨俊.富硒区耕地质量评价及利用分区研究——以福建省三元区为例.资源科学,2015,37(7):1367-1375.
[25] 钱凤魁,王秋兵,李娜.基于耕地质量与立地条件综合评价的高标准基本农田划定.农业工程学报,2015,31(18):225-232.
[26] 赵小娟,叶云,周晋皓,等.珠三角丘陵区耕地质量综合评价及指标权重敏感性分析.农业工程学报,2017,33(8):226-235.
[27] 孔祥斌,刘灵伟,秦静,等.基于农户行为的耕地质量评价指标体系构建的理论与方法.地理科学进展,2007,26(4):75-85.
[28] 金晓斌,张鸿辉,周寅康.农用地定级综合评价中权重系数确定方法探讨.南京大学学报,2008,44(4):116-125.
[29] 黄厅厅,卢德彬,杨建.基于GIS的省级耕地质量综合评价及时空演变分析——以贵州省为例.水土保持研究,2017,24(3):253-257.
[30] 姚赫男,李艳,曹宇.基于RS和GIS的耕地资源质量评价——以浙江省富阳市为例.土壤,2013,45(4):732-738.
[31] 纳日麦.基于GIS技术的农用地质量评价.内蒙古师范大学,2013.
[32] 肖鹏.农村土地“三权分置”下的土地承包权初探.中国农业大学学报,2017,34(1):118-125.
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