储能系统商业模式及其优化规划方法
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摘要
新一轮能源革命和电力体制改革背景下,电力系统源-网-荷各环节对储能技术提出了多样化应用需求,实现由研发示范向商业化初期过渡、商业化初期向规模化发展是"十三五"期间储能产业的两阶段发展目标。针对储能市场化应用初期阶段的商业模式与规划问题,基于投资、收益、运营等因素,分析了该阶段下储能系统呈现的典型商业模式。考虑商业模式的差异,分别建立了业主投资模式、合同能源管理模式下储能系统全寿命周期优化规划数学模型,结合电化学储能系统容量衰减特性,提出电化学储能系统全寿命周期评估方法及其优化算法。基于实际案例验证了所提模型和方法的有效性和可行性,分析了储能电池退役点、电池成本、循环寿命对储能系统规划结果的影响。结果表明,所提出的储能系统全寿命周期优化规划方法能够解决不同商业模式下的储能系统规划问题,对储能系统应用商业模式和规划具有指导意义。
Under the background of a new round of energy revolution and power system reform,every link of power source,netw ork and load puts forw ard diversified application requirements on energy storage technology. Realizing the initial stage of commercialization and large-scale development is the tw o-stage development goal of the energy storage industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. From the perspectives of investment,income,and operation,this paper analyzes the typical business model of energy storage in the early stage of market application. Combined w ith energy storage application business model,the mathematical model of life cycle optimization planning of energy storage under the ow ner's investment model and contract energy management mode are established. Considering the capacity attenuation characteristics of electrochemical energy storage,its life cycle assessment method and optimization algorithm are analyzed. The validity and feasibility of the proposed model and method are verified by case analyses. Finally,the influence of the decommissioning point of energy storage battery,battery cost and cycle life on planning results of energy storage system are discussed.
Under the background of a new round of energy revolution and power system reform,every link of power source,netw ork and load puts forw ard diversified application requirements on energy storage technology. Realizing the initial stage of commercialization and large-scale development is the tw o-stage development goal of the energy storage industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. From the perspectives of investment,income,and operation,this paper analyzes the typical business model of energy storage in the early stage of market application. Combined w ith energy storage application business model,the mathematical model of life cycle optimization planning of energy storage under the ow ner's investment model and contract energy management mode are established. Considering the capacity attenuation characteristics of electrochemical energy storage,its life cycle assessment method and optimization algorithm are analyzed. The validity and feasibility of the proposed model and method are verified by case analyses. Finally,the influence of the decommissioning point of energy storage battery,battery cost and cycle life on planning results of energy storage system are discussed.
引文
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[18]韦立坤,赵波,吴红斌,等.虚拟电厂下计及大规模分布式光伏的储能系统配置优化模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):66-74.WEI Likun,ZHAO Bo,WU Hongbin,et al.Optimal allocation model of energy storage system in virtual pow er plant environment w ith a high penetration of distributed photovoltaic generation[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(23):66-74.
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[20]国家发展和改革委员会.国家能源局关于印发能源发展"十三五"规划的通知[EB/OL].(2016-12-26)[2019-01-12].http://w w w.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghw b/201701/t20170117_835296.html.
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[22]修晓青,唐巍,马健.用于储能容量配置的典型负荷曲线提取方法[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(8):2234-2242.XIU Xiaoqing,TANG Wei,M A Jian.Typical load curve extraction method for energy storage capacity configuration[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2018,39(8):2234-2242.
[2]DEEBA S R,SHARMA R,SAHA T K,et al.Evaluation of technical and financial benefits of battery-based energy storage systems in distribution netw orks[J].IET Renew able Pow er Generation,2016,10(8):1149-1160.
[3]韩晓娟,艾瑶瑶,李相俊.储能在电网中的应用价值及其商业模式[J].发电技术,2018,39(1):77-83.HAN Xiaojuan,AI Yaoyao,LI Xiangjun.Application value of energy storage systems in the pow er grid and its commercial modes[J].Power Generation Technology,2018,39(1):77-83.
[4]黄际元,杨俊,许晖,等.配电网兆瓦级电池储能系统商业模式研究[J].电器与能效管理技术,2018(17):5-8,17.HUANG Jiyuan,YANG Jun,XU Hui,et al.Commercial operation mode of megaw att battery energy storage system in distribution netw ork[J].Electrical&Energy M anagement Technology,2018(17):5-8,17.
[5]康重庆,刘静琨,张宁.未来电力系统储能的新形态:云储能[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(21):2-8,16.KANG Chongqing,LIU Jingkun,ZHANG Ning.A new form of energy storage in future pow er system:Cloud energe system[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2017,41(21):2-8,16.
[6]谭兴国,王辉,张黎,等.微电网复合储能多目标优化配置方法及评价指标[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(8):7-14.TAN Xingguo,WANG Hui,ZHANG Li,et al.M ulti-objective optimization of hybrid energy storage and assessment indices in microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2014,38(8):7-14.
[7]肖浩,裴玮,杨艳红,等.计及电池寿命和经济运行的微电网储能容量优化[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3256-3265.XIAO Hao,PEI Wei,YANG Yanhong,et al.Energy storage capacity optimization for microgrid considering battery life and economic operation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3256-3265.
[8]孙承晨,袁越,CHOI San Shing,等.基于经验模态分解和神经网络的微网混合储能容量优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(8):19-26.SUN Chengchen,YUAN Yue,CHOI San Shing,et al.Capacity optimizaion of hybrid energy storage systems in microgrid using empirical mode decomposition and neural netw ork[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(8):19-26.
[9]PARRA D,WALKER G S,GILLOTT M.Are batteries the optimum PV-coupled energy storage for dw ellings?:Technoeconomic comparison w ith hot w ater tanks in the UK[J].Energy and Build,2016,116:614-621.
[10]徐国栋,程浩忠,方斯顿,等.用于提高风电场运行效益的电池储能配置优化模型[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(5):62-70.XU Guodong,CHENG Haozhong,FANG Sidun,et al.An optimization model of battery energy storage system configuraton to improve benefits of w ind farms[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2016,40(5):62-70.
[11]LIU Z F,CHEN Y X,ZHUO R Q,et al.Energy storage capacity optimization for autonomy microgrid considering CHP and EVscheduling[J].Applied Energy,2017,210:1113-1125.
[12]KHATAMIANFAR A,KHALID M,SAVKIN A V,et al.Improving w ind farm dispatch in the Australian electricity market w ith battery energy storage using model predictive control[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(3):745-755.
[13]BAHRAMIRAD S,REDER W,KHODAEI A.Reliabilityconstrained optimal sizing of energy storage system in a microgrid[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(4):2056-2062.
[14]BAGHAEE H R,MIRSALIM M,GHAREHPETIAN G B,et al.Reliability/cost-based multi-objective Pareto optimal design of stand-alone w ind/PV/FC generation microgrid system[J].Energy,2016,115(1):1022-1041.
[15]陈健,王成山,赵波,等.考虑储能系统特性的独立微电网系统经济运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(20):25-31.CHEN Jian,WANG Chengshan,ZHAO Bo,et al.Economic operation optimization of a standalone microgrid system considering characteristics of energy storage system[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2012,36(20):25-31.
[16]修晓青,唐巍,李建林,等.计及电池健康状态的源储荷协同配置方法[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3118-3126.XIU Xiaoqing,TANG Wei,LI Jianlin,et al.Collaborative configuration of distributed generation,energy storage and load in microgrid considering state of health[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3118-3126.
[17]杨锡运,张璜,修晓青,等.基于商业园区源/储/荷协同运行的储能系统多目标优化配置[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):3996-4003.YANG Xiyun,ZHANG Huang,XIU Xiaoqing,et al.M ultiobjective optimal configuration of energy storage systems based on coordinated operation of source/storage/load in commercial park[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):3996-4003.
[18]韦立坤,赵波,吴红斌,等.虚拟电厂下计及大规模分布式光伏的储能系统配置优化模型[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(23):66-74.WEI Likun,ZHAO Bo,WU Hongbin,et al.Optimal allocation model of energy storage system in virtual pow er plant environment w ith a high penetration of distributed photovoltaic generation[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2015,39(23):66-74.
[19]尤毅,刘东,钟清,等.主动配电网储能系统的多目标优化配置[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(18):46-52.YOU Yi,LIU Dong,ZHONG Qing,et al.M ulti-objective optimal placement of energy storage systems in an active distribution netw ork[J].Automation of Electric Pow er Systems,2014,38(18):46-52.
[20]国家发展和改革委员会.国家能源局关于印发能源发展"十三五"规划的通知[EB/OL].(2016-12-26)[2019-01-12].http://w w w.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghw b/201701/t20170117_835296.html.
[21]田立亭,程林,郭剑波,等.基于能值分析的多能互补综合能源系统价值评估方法[J/OL].电网技术.[2019-04-09].https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2018.2310.TIAN Liting,CHENG Lin,GUO Jianbo,et al.M ulti-energy system valuation method based on emergy analysis[J/OL].Pow er System Technology.[2019-04-09].https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2018.2310.
[22]修晓青,唐巍,马健.用于储能容量配置的典型负荷曲线提取方法[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(8):2234-2242.XIU Xiaoqing,TANG Wei,M A Jian.Typical load curve extraction method for energy storage capacity configuration[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2018,39(8):2234-2242.
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