紧凑型彩虹折射仪的开发与实验测试
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摘要
设计了一种基于全场彩虹测量技术的紧凑型彩虹折射仪。该折射仪采用笼式结构和全密封设计,光路的整体尺寸明显小于传统的彩虹光路,折射仪的尺寸为0.42m×0.42m×0.15m。使用该彩虹折射仪对单组分液滴折射率、双组分液滴浓度进行了一系列实验测试。采用去离子水喷雾测试了折射仪的折射率测量精度,测量误差约为2×10~(-4)。测量了体积分数为0～100%的乙醇液滴的折射率,与文献数据进行了对比,并分析了误差来源。结果表明,所研发的紧凑式折射仪具有测量液滴折射率的功能,以及体积小、精度高的优点,适用于工业生产环境,在喷雾场测量中具有很好的应用前景。
In this study,a compact rainbow refractometer is developed based on the global rainbow technology.This refractometer adopts a cage structure and a completely sealed design.The overall size of the refractometer,exhibiting a length,width,and height of 0.42,0.42,and 0.15 m,respectively,is obviously smaller than those of the traditional refractometers.Further,the performance of the rainbow refractometer is validated by the experimental measurement of the refractive index of a single-component droplet,the concentration of a twocomponent droplet,and the droplet temperature.The accuracy of the refractive index measured using the rainbow refractometer is verified using a deionized water spray,and the measurement error is observed to be approximately2×10~(-4).The refractive indices of the water-ethanol droplets with volume fractions from 0 to 100% are measured and compared with the values in the literature,and the error sources are analyzed.The results denote that the developed compact refractometer exhibits a unique function of measuring the refractive indices of droplets;additionally,the compact refractometer possesses the advantages of small volume and high accuracy.Furthermore,it is applicable to industrial environments and exhibits a good application prospect in the measurement of spray fields.
In this study,a compact rainbow refractometer is developed based on the global rainbow technology.This refractometer adopts a cage structure and a completely sealed design.The overall size of the refractometer,exhibiting a length,width,and height of 0.42,0.42,and 0.15 m,respectively,is obviously smaller than those of the traditional refractometers.Further,the performance of the rainbow refractometer is validated by the experimental measurement of the refractive index of a single-component droplet,the concentration of a twocomponent droplet,and the droplet temperature.The accuracy of the refractive index measured using the rainbow refractometer is verified using a deionized water spray,and the measurement error is observed to be approximately2×10~(-4).The refractive indices of the water-ethanol droplets with volume fractions from 0 to 100% are measured and compared with the values in the literature,and the error sources are analyzed.The results denote that the developed compact refractometer exhibits a unique function of measuring the refractive indices of droplets;additionally,the compact refractometer possesses the advantages of small volume and high accuracy.Furthermore,it is applicable to industrial environments and exhibits a good application prospect in the measurement of spray fields.
引文
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[15] Pan Q,Zhang Z J.Experimental validation of nonsphericityeffectonmonochromaticrainbow measurement[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2013,8759:875940.
[16] Han Y P,Méès L,Ren K F,et al.Scattering of light by spheroids:the far field case[J].Optics Communications,2002,210(1/2):1-9.
[17] Wu X C,Li C,Cao K L,et al.Instrumentation of rainbowrefractometry:portabledesignand performance testing[J].Laser Physics,2018,28(8):085604.
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[19] Wu X C,Cen K F,Jiang H Y,et al.Self-calibrating global rainbow measurement device based on dualwavelength scattering angle:.CN204789239U[P].2015-11-18.吴学成,岑可法,姜淏予,等.基于双波长的散射角自标定全场彩虹测量装置:CN204789239U[P].2015-11-18.
[20] Wu X C,Cen K F,Qiu K Z,et al.A compact global rainbow measuring probe:CN106124369A[P].2016-11-16.吴学成,岑可法,邱坤赞,等.一种紧凑式全场彩虹测量探头:CN106124369A[P].2016-11-16.
[21] Wu X C,Cen K F,Jiang H Y,et al.Global rainbow measurement method and device based on dualwavelengthscatteringangleself-calibration:CN105043946A[P].2015-11-11.吴学成,岑可法,姜淏予,等.基于双波长的散射角自标定全场彩虹测量方法及装置:CN105043946A[P].2015-11-11.
[22] Wu X C,Cen K F,Chen L H.Method and device for on-line measurement of liquid spray by global rainbow:CN103698256A[P].2014-04-02.吴学成,岑可法,陈玲红.一种全场彩虹在线测量液体喷雾的方法和装置:CN103698256A[P].2014-04-02.
[23] Wu Y C, Wu X C, Saengkaewi S,et al.Concentration and size measurements of sprays with global rainbow technique[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(9):090703.吴迎春,吴学成,Sawitree Saengkaew,等.全场彩虹技术测量喷雾浓度及粒径分布[J].物理学报,2013,62(9):090703.
[24] Song F H,Yang P J,Xu C L,et al.An improved Global Rainbow Refractometry for spray droplets characterization based on five-point method and optimization process[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,40:223-231.
[25] Polyanskiy M N.Refractive index database[OL].[2018-10-25].https:∥refractiveindex.info.
[26] Refractometer[OL].[2018-10-25].http:∥www.refractometer.pl/refractiondatasheet-ethanol.
[2] van Beeck J P A J,Giannoulis D,Zimmer L,et al.Global rainbow thermometry for droplet-temperature measurement[J].Optics Letters,1999,24(23):1696-1698.
[3] Wu X C,Jiang H Y, Wu Y C,et al. Onedimensional rainbow the rmometry system by using slit apertures[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(3):638-641.
[4] Wu Y C,Promvongsa J,Saengkaew S,et al.Phase rainbow refractometry for accurate droplet variation characterization[J].Optics Letters,2016,41(20):4672-4675.
[5] Vetrano M R,van Beeck J P A J,Riethmuller M L.Generalization of the rainbow Airy theory to nonuniform spheres[J].Optics Letters,2005,30(6):658-60.
[6] Vetrano M R,Gauthier S,van Beeck J P A J,et al.Characterization of a non-isothermal water spray by global rainbow thermometry[J].Experiments in Fluids,2006,40(1):15-22.
[7] Vetrano M R,van Beeck J P A J,Riethmuller M L.Global rainbow thermometry:improvements in the data inversion algorithm and validation technique in liquid-liquid suspension[J].Applied Optics,2004,43(18):3600-3607.
[8] Promvongsa J,Wu Y C,Grehan1 G,et al.Onedimensional rainbow technique to characterize the evaporation at ambient temperature and evaporation in a flame of monodispersed droplets[C/OL]∥Proceeding of the European Combustion Meeting,2015:1-5.[2018-10-25].http:∥www.ecm2015.hu/papers/P3-12.pdf.
[9] Letty C,Renou B,Reveillon J,et al.Experimental study of droplet temperature in a two-phase heptane/air V-flame[J].Combustion and Flame,2013,160(9):1803-1811.
[10] Verdier A,Marrero Santiago J,Vandel A,et al.Experimental study of local flame structures and fuel droplet properties of a spray jet flame[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(2):2595-2602.
[11] Song F H,Xu C L,Wang S M,et al.Measurement of temperature gradient in a heated liquid cylinder using rainbow refractometry assisted with infrared thermometry[J]. Optics Communications,2016,380:179-185.
[12] Wilms J,Weigand B.Composition measurements of binary mixture droplets by rainbow refractometry[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(11):2109-2118.
[13] Yu H T, Xu F, Tropea C.Spheroidal droplet measurements based on generalized rainbow patterns[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2013,126:105-112.
[14] Yu H T, Xu F, Tropea C. Optical caustics associated with the primary rainbow of oblate droplets:simulation and application in non-sphericity measurement[J].Optics Express,2013,21(22):25761.
[15] Pan Q,Zhang Z J.Experimental validation of nonsphericityeffectonmonochromaticrainbow measurement[J].Proceedings of SPIE,2013,8759:875940.
[16] Han Y P,Méès L,Ren K F,et al.Scattering of light by spheroids:the far field case[J].Optics Communications,2002,210(1/2):1-9.
[17] Wu X C,Li C,Cao K L,et al.Instrumentation of rainbowrefractometry:portabledesignand performance testing[J].Laser Physics,2018,28(8):085604.
[18] Wu X C,Cen K F, Wang Z H,et al. Onedimensional global rainbow measurement device and measurement method:US20150177065[P].2015-06-25.
[19] Wu X C,Cen K F,Jiang H Y,et al.Self-calibrating global rainbow measurement device based on dualwavelength scattering angle:.CN204789239U[P].2015-11-18.吴学成,岑可法,姜淏予,等.基于双波长的散射角自标定全场彩虹测量装置:CN204789239U[P].2015-11-18.
[20] Wu X C,Cen K F,Qiu K Z,et al.A compact global rainbow measuring probe:CN106124369A[P].2016-11-16.吴学成,岑可法,邱坤赞,等.一种紧凑式全场彩虹测量探头:CN106124369A[P].2016-11-16.
[21] Wu X C,Cen K F,Jiang H Y,et al.Global rainbow measurement method and device based on dualwavelengthscatteringangleself-calibration:CN105043946A[P].2015-11-11.吴学成,岑可法,姜淏予,等.基于双波长的散射角自标定全场彩虹测量方法及装置:CN105043946A[P].2015-11-11.
[22] Wu X C,Cen K F,Chen L H.Method and device for on-line measurement of liquid spray by global rainbow:CN103698256A[P].2014-04-02.吴学成,岑可法,陈玲红.一种全场彩虹在线测量液体喷雾的方法和装置:CN103698256A[P].2014-04-02.
[23] Wu Y C, Wu X C, Saengkaewi S,et al.Concentration and size measurements of sprays with global rainbow technique[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(9):090703.吴迎春,吴学成,Sawitree Saengkaew,等.全场彩虹技术测量喷雾浓度及粒径分布[J].物理学报,2013,62(9):090703.
[24] Song F H,Yang P J,Xu C L,et al.An improved Global Rainbow Refractometry for spray droplets characterization based on five-point method and optimization process[J].Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2014,40:223-231.
[25] Polyanskiy M N.Refractive index database[OL].[2018-10-25].https:∥refractiveindex.info.
[26] Refractometer[OL].[2018-10-25].http:∥www.refractometer.pl/refractiondatasheet-ethanol.
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