重庆市A级旅游景区空间分布及其影响因素研究
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摘要
研究了重庆市A级旅游景区的空间分布特点及其影响因素;基于重庆市2001—2018年A级旅游景区数据,采用GIS的空间分析功能、最邻近点指数分析、核密度强度分析、标准差椭圆分析及SPSS相关分析对景区的类别、等级和密度等进行研究;结论认为:2001—2018年间,重庆旅游景区从分散发展到集聚,分布重心自东北向西南迁移,呈现圈层式扩散态势;从数量上看景区等级偏低,以2A、3A和4A为主;类别以历史文化和自然观光为主,休闲娱乐类为辅;地形、水系和社会经济共同影响重庆旅游景区的分布;制定了重庆旅游景区空间优化对策:调整地区产业结构,增加第三产业比重;改善交通等基础设施;依托地形和水系等开发景区;以主城区为核心渐进优化重庆旅游景区的空间分布。
In order to explore the spatial distribution feature and evolution path of Chongqing A-level tourist attractions,the influencing factors of their development are studied. Based on A-level scenic spots data of Chongqing during 2001-2018,by using GIS spatial analysis function,nearest neighbor index analysis,nuclear density intensity analysis,standard deviation ellipse analysis and SPSS correlation analysis to study the category,grade and density of the scenic spots,the results show that during 2001-2018,Chongqing tourist scenic spots develop from scattered pattern to agglomeration,that the gravity center of their distribution moves from northeast to southwest,showing a layered diffusion situation: their scenic level is low,is mainly 2 A,3 A and 4 A grade,and is chiefly historic and cultural type,taking sightseeing as the core but entertainment as supplement,and that terrain,water system and social economy jointly affect the distribution of Chongqing tourist attractions. The optimization of Chongqing tourist attractions requires regional industrial structure adjustment,the increase of the proportion of the tertiary industry,the improvement of the infrastructure such as the traffic,the development of the scenic spots based on terrain and water system and so on,and the gradual optimization of the spatial distribution of Chongqing tourist attractions by taking main districts as the core.
In order to explore the spatial distribution feature and evolution path of Chongqing A-level tourist attractions,the influencing factors of their development are studied. Based on A-level scenic spots data of Chongqing during 2001-2018,by using GIS spatial analysis function,nearest neighbor index analysis,nuclear density intensity analysis,standard deviation ellipse analysis and SPSS correlation analysis to study the category,grade and density of the scenic spots,the results show that during 2001-2018,Chongqing tourist scenic spots develop from scattered pattern to agglomeration,that the gravity center of their distribution moves from northeast to southwest,showing a layered diffusion situation: their scenic level is low,is mainly 2 A,3 A and 4 A grade,and is chiefly historic and cultural type,taking sightseeing as the core but entertainment as supplement,and that terrain,water system and social economy jointly affect the distribution of Chongqing tourist attractions. The optimization of Chongqing tourist attractions requires regional industrial structure adjustment,the increase of the proportion of the tertiary industry,the improvement of the infrastructure such as the traffic,the development of the scenic spots based on terrain and water system and so on,and the gradual optimization of the spatial distribution of Chongqing tourist attractions by taking main districts as the core.
引文
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[4]吴必虎,唐子颖.旅游吸引物空间结构分析:以中国首批国家4A级旅游区(点)为例[J].人文地理,2003,18(1):1-5WU B H,TANG Z Y.A Study on Spatial Structure of National 4A Grade Tourism Attractions in China[J].Human Geography,2003,18(1):1-5(in Chinese)
[5]马晓龙,杨新军.中国4A级旅游区(点):空间特征与产业配置研究[J].经济地理,2003,23(5):713-716MA X L,YANG X J.A Study on the 4A Tourism Area(Spots)in China:Spatial Characteristics and Industrial Distribution[J].Economic Geography,2003,23(5):713-716(in Chinese)
[6]齐欣,王昕.成渝经济区旅游景区空间结构研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(1):105-110QI X,WANG X.Study on the Spatial Structures of Tourist Attractions in Chengyu Economic Zone[J]Geography and Geo-Information Science,2013,29(1):105-110(in Chinese)
[7]孔德林,乐上泓,黄远水.GIS辅助下的河南省高端旅游资源点空间分析[J].国土与自然资源研究,2010(1):73-74KONG D L,LE S H,HUANG Y S.Spatial Analysis of High-class Tourism Resources in Henan Province with the Assistants of GIS[J].Territory and Natural Resources Research,2010(1):73-74(in Chinese)
[8]谢志华,吴必虎.中国资源型景区旅游空间结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):748-753XIE Z H,WU B H.Tourism Spatial Structure of Resource-based Attractions in China[J],Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(6):748-753(in Chinese)
[9]程海峰,胡文海.池州市A级旅游景区空间结构[J].地理科学,2014,34(10):1275-1280CHENG H F,HU W H.Spatial Structure of Class ATourist Attraction in Chizhou[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(10):1275-1280(in Chinese)
[10]刘丽梅,吕君.内蒙古A级旅游景区空间结构研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(11):203-208LIU L M,LV J.Research on Spatial Form Evolution of Inbound Tourism Destination in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(11):203-208(in Chinese)
[11]吴清,李细归,吴黎,等.湖南省A级旅游景区分布格局及空间相关性分析[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):193-200WU Q,LI X G,WU L,et al.Distribution Pattern and Spatial Correlation of A-Grade Tourist Attractions in Hunan Province[J].Economic Geography,2017,37(2):193-200(in Chinese)
[12]申怀飞,郑敬刚,唐风沛,等.河南省A级旅游景区空间分布特征分析[J].经济地理,2013,33(2):179-183SHEN H F,ZHENG J G,TANG F P,et al.Spatial Distribution of A-Grade Tourist Attractions in Henan Province[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(2):179-183(in Chinese)
[13]赵磊,丁烨,杨宏浩.浙江省旅游景区空间分布差异化研究[J].经济地理,2013,33(9):177-183ZHAO L,DING Y,YANG H H.Quantitative Study on Spatial Distribution Difference of Tourism Attractions in Zhejiang Province[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(9):177-183(in Chinese)
[14]樊昊,杨晓霞,白洋.我国石窟旅游资源的空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(12):98-103FAN H,YANG X X,BAI Y.Research on Spatial Distribution of Grotto Tourism Resources in China and Its Influencing Factors[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2015,37(12):98-103(in Chinese)
[15]李玏,刘家明,王润,等.北京市高尔夫旅游资源空间分布特征及影响因素[J].地理研究,2013,32(10):1937-1947LI J,LIU J M,WANG R,et al.Spatial Distribution and Its Influencing Factors of Golf Tourist Attractions in Beijing[J].Geographic Research,2013,32(10):1937-1947(in Chinese)
[16]陈晓荣.重庆市旅游景区用地综合评价研究:以武隆仙女山国家森林公园为例[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012CHEN X R.The Study on Tourism Land Comprehensive Appraisal in Chongqing:Take an Example of Wulong Fairy Mountain National Forest Park[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2012(in Chinese)
[17]党宁,吴必虎,俞沁慧.1970-2015年上海环城游憩带时空演变与动力机制研究[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(11):81-94DANG N,WU B H,YU Q H.The Spatiotemporal Evolution and Dynamic Mechanism of the Shanghai BAMfrom 1970 to 2015[J].Tourism Tribune,2017,32(11):81-94(in Chinese)
[18]吴丽敏,黄震方,周玮,等.江苏省A级旅游景区时空演变特征及其动力机制[J].经济地理,2013(8):158-164WU L M,HUANG Z F,ZHOU W,et al.The Spatiotemporal Evolution and Dynamic Mechanism of A-Grade Tourist Attractions in Jiangsu Province[J].Economic Geography,2013(8):158-164(in Chinese)
[19]王洪桥,孟祥君,孙浩亮,等.吉林省旅游资源的基本特征及空间结构分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012(7):190-194WANG H Q,MENG X J,SUN H L,et al.Fundamental Features of Tourism Resources and Their Spatial Structure Analysis in Jilin Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012(7):190-194(in Chinese)
[20]PEARCE D G,TAN R.The Distribution Mix for Tourism Attractions in Rotorua New Zealand[J].Hospital Management,2003(22):17-35
[21]WANG S X,HE Y Q,WANG X D,et al.Regional Disparity and Convergence of China’s Inbound Tourism Economy[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2011(6):715-722
[22]许辉,杨洁明,喻晓玲.新疆优质旅游资源空间格局及影响机制[J].地域研究与开发,2016(1):96-101XU H,YANG J M,YU X L.Spatial Pattern of High Quality Tourism Resources and the Influence Mechanism in Xinjiang[J].Areal Research and Development,2016(1):96-101(in Chinese)
[23]王远飞,何洪林.空间数据分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2007WANG Y F,HE H L.Spatial Data Analysis Method[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007(in Chinese)
[24]来婷婷,王乃昂,高翔,等.1990-2011年沙坡头自然保护区景观变化[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):115-124LAI T T,WANG N A,GAO X,et al.Landscape Change in the Shapotou Nature Reserve from 1990 to 2011[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):115-124(in Chinese)
[25]邹统钎.旅游景区开发与管理[M].北京:清华大学出版,2004ZOU T Q.Development and Management of Tourist Attractions[M].Beijing:Qinghua University Press,2004(in Chinese)
[26]李庆雷.旅游策划论[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2009LI Q L.Travel Planning[M].Tianjin:Nankai University Press,2009(in Chinese)
[27]吴必虎.旅游学概论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013WU B H.Introduction to Tourism Studies[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2013(in Chinese)
[28]高润,路紫.河北省太行山区景观地貌与旅游资源分布关系[J].山东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(4)92-95GAO R,LU Z.The Relationship between Landscape and Landform and Tourism Resource Distribution in Taihang Mountain Area of Hebei Province[J].Journal of Shandong Normal University(Natural Science),2008,23(4)92-95(in Chinese)
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