钨铜合金电触头材料的最新研究进展
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摘要
钨铜合金因其导电导热性好、密度大、强度硬度高、耐电弧烧蚀性能优异,被广泛用作高压电器的触头材料。鉴于电力工业的不断发展对触头材料性能提出的更高要求,综述了提高钨铜电触头性能多种途径的最新研究进展;介绍了电弧对钨铜触头的烧蚀过程与机理;总结了现阶段混合式和包覆式钨铜复合粉末的制备方法。概述钨铜合金触头传统和新型制备工艺的研究进展,提出功能梯度材料和细晶/纳米材料是钨铜合金的发展趋势。介绍添加稀土元素、硬质颗粒、活化剂元素对钨铜触头进行掺杂改性的方法,并列举影响钨铜合金性能的其他因素;最后分析钨铜合金电触头材料的研究热点和存在问题。
Tungsten-copper alloy is widely used as contact material for high voltage electrical apparatus due to its good electrical and thermal conductivity, high density, high strength and hardness, and excellent resistance to arc erosion. With development of electric power industry, properties of contact material are required to be higher. This paper reviews the latest research progress of various ways to improve properties of tungsten-copper electrical contact. It introduces arc erosion process and mechanism of tungsten-copper contact briefly. It summarizes preparation methods of mixed and coated tungsten-copper composite powder, overviews research progress of traditional and new tungsten-copper alloy contact preparation process emphatically and points out that functionally gradient materials and fine crystal/nanometer materials are developing trends of tungsten-copper alloy. Subsequently, it introduces realization of doping modification of tungsten-copper contact by adding rare earth elements, hard particles and activator elements and lists influence of other factors on the properties of tungsten-copper alloy. Finally, it analyzes research hotspot and existing problems of tungsten-copper alloy electrical contact materials.
Tungsten-copper alloy is widely used as contact material for high voltage electrical apparatus due to its good electrical and thermal conductivity, high density, high strength and hardness, and excellent resistance to arc erosion. With development of electric power industry, properties of contact material are required to be higher. This paper reviews the latest research progress of various ways to improve properties of tungsten-copper electrical contact. It introduces arc erosion process and mechanism of tungsten-copper contact briefly. It summarizes preparation methods of mixed and coated tungsten-copper composite powder, overviews research progress of traditional and new tungsten-copper alloy contact preparation process emphatically and points out that functionally gradient materials and fine crystal/nanometer materials are developing trends of tungsten-copper alloy. Subsequently, it introduces realization of doping modification of tungsten-copper contact by adding rare earth elements, hard particles and activator elements and lists influence of other factors on the properties of tungsten-copper alloy. Finally, it analyzes research hotspot and existing problems of tungsten-copper alloy electrical contact materials.
引文
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