北京新机场“锅盖效应”一维现场试验
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摘要
地表覆盖层使土体表面蒸发效应受阻,引起水分在不透气的覆盖层下集聚,导致覆盖层下土体含水率升高的现象被称为"锅盖效应"。"锅盖效应"能够导致覆盖层下含水率升高,进而引起一系列的工程病害。目前对"锅盖效应"的研究手段主要是案例分析、室内试验和数值模拟,现场试验几乎未见报道。文章介绍在北京新机场试验基地进行的"锅盖效应"一维现场试验。试验采集了从2016年12月至2017年4月各个测点每日的体积含水率和温度数据。试验数据表明,无隔断条件下的试验土体中出现"锅盖效应",验证"锅盖效应"是由土体中的水汽迁移所导致;对比有隔断和无隔断试验土体体积含水率的变化,认为隔断层能够有效的抑制"锅盖效应"。
‘Pot cover effect’ in this paper refers to the phenomenon whereby moisture accumulates underneath an impervious cover. ‘Pot cover effect’ may lead to a high moisture rate in soil under covering and thus induce engineering disasters. At present, the main researching methods of ‘Pot cover effect’ are limited at case study,laboratory test and numerical simulation. However, there are few reports regarding on the field test of ‘Pot cover effect’. This paper introduces a one-dimensional field test of ‘Pot cover effect’ in Beijing New Airport. Two contrasting conditions, with or without an impervious layer at the depth of 45 cm, are tested. The test data from December 2016 to April 2017 are collected. The test results reveal that the ‘Pot cover effect’ appears in the test soil without the impervious layer. It is verified that ‘Pot cover effect’ is caused by water vapor migration in soil.The test data of the test soil with the impervious layer show that the impervious layer can effectively suppress‘Pot cover effect'.
‘Pot cover effect’ in this paper refers to the phenomenon whereby moisture accumulates underneath an impervious cover. ‘Pot cover effect’ may lead to a high moisture rate in soil under covering and thus induce engineering disasters. At present, the main researching methods of ‘Pot cover effect’ are limited at case study,laboratory test and numerical simulation. However, there are few reports regarding on the field test of ‘Pot cover effect’. This paper introduces a one-dimensional field test of ‘Pot cover effect’ in Beijing New Airport. Two contrasting conditions, with or without an impervious layer at the depth of 45 cm, are tested. The test data from December 2016 to April 2017 are collected. The test results reveal that the ‘Pot cover effect’ appears in the test soil without the impervious layer. It is verified that ‘Pot cover effect’ is caused by water vapor migration in soil.The test data of the test soil with the impervious layer show that the impervious layer can effectively suppress‘Pot cover effect'.
引文
[1]李强,姚仰平,韩黎明,等.土体的“锅盖效应”[J].工业建筑,2014,44(2):69-71(Li Qiang,Yao Yangping,Han Liming,et al.Pot-cover effect of soil[J].Industrial Construction,2014,44(2):69-71(in Chinese))
[2]姚仰平,王琳,王乃东,等.锅盖效应的形成机制及其防治[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):1-5(Yao Yangping,Wang Lin,Wang Naidong,et al.Mechanism of forming pot-cover effect and its prevention[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):1-5(in Chinese))
[3]姚仰平,王琳,王乃东.干寒区锅盖效应致灾特征及案例分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):21-24(Yao Yangping,Wang Lin,Wang Naidong.Analysis of disaster characteristics and cases of pot-cover effect in dry and cold areas[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):21-24(in Chinese))
[4]罗汀,曲啸,王乃东,等.北京大兴国际机场冬季地温变化分析研究[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):17-20(Luo Ting,Qu Xiao,Wang Naidong,et al.Geothermal temperature characteristics of Beijing Daxing International Airport in winter[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):17-20(in Chinese))
[5]王乃东,马梓棋,姚仰平,等.试验时间和初始含水率对土体水气迁移的影响分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):13-16(Wang Naidong,Ma Ziqi,Yao Yangping,et al.Analysis of moisture migration affected by test period and initial water content[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):13-16(in Chinese))
[6]罗汀,陈含,姚仰平,等.锅盖效应水分迁移规律分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):6-9(Luo Ting,Chen Han,Yao Yangping,et al.Analysis of water migration characteristics of pot-cover effect[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):6-9(in Chinese))
[7]王乃东,李成志,姚仰平,等.锅盖效应中土体温度场变化规律的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):10-12,20(Wang Naidong,Li Chengzhi,Yao Yangping,et al.Research on the variation of the temperature field in soil for pot-cover effect tests[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):10-12,20(in Chinese))
[8]张如如,赵云,徐文杰,等.温度作用下机场跑道土基中水气运移规律分析[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2016,50(5):822-830(Zhang Ruru,Zhao Yun,Xu Wenjie,et al.Water-gas migration analysis in runway subgrade soil under influence of temperature[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2016,50(5):822-830(in Chinese))
[9]张如如.季节性温度变化引起机场跑道“锅盖效应”数值及试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016(Zhang Ruru.Numerical and experimental research on the“pot-cover”effect in airpot runways caused by seasonal temperature change[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016(in Chinese))
[10]滕继东,贺佐跃,张升,等.非饱和土水气迁移与相变:两类“锅盖效应”的发生机理及数值再现[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1813-1821(Teng Jidong,He Zuoyue,Zhang Sheng,et al.Moisture transfer and phase change in unsaturated soils:physical mechanism and numerical model for two types of“canopy effect”[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1813-1821(in Chinese))
[11]张升,贺佐跃,滕继东,等.非饱和土水汽迁移与相变:两类“锅盖效应”的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(5):961-968(Zhang Sheng,He Zuoyue,Teng Jidong,et al.Water vapor transfer and phase change in unsaturated soils:experimental study on two types of canopy effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(5):961-968(in Chinese))
[12]Zhang S,Teng J,He Z,et al.Canopy effect caused by vapour transfer in covered freezing soils[J].Géotechnique,2016,66(11):927-940
[13]Bittelli M,Salvatorelli F,Pisa P R.Correction of TDR-based soil water content measurements in conductive soils[J].Geoderma,2008,143(1):133-142
[2]姚仰平,王琳,王乃东,等.锅盖效应的形成机制及其防治[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):1-5(Yao Yangping,Wang Lin,Wang Naidong,et al.Mechanism of forming pot-cover effect and its prevention[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):1-5(in Chinese))
[3]姚仰平,王琳,王乃东.干寒区锅盖效应致灾特征及案例分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):21-24(Yao Yangping,Wang Lin,Wang Naidong.Analysis of disaster characteristics and cases of pot-cover effect in dry and cold areas[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):21-24(in Chinese))
[4]罗汀,曲啸,王乃东,等.北京大兴国际机场冬季地温变化分析研究[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):17-20(Luo Ting,Qu Xiao,Wang Naidong,et al.Geothermal temperature characteristics of Beijing Daxing International Airport in winter[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):17-20(in Chinese))
[5]王乃东,马梓棋,姚仰平,等.试验时间和初始含水率对土体水气迁移的影响分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):13-16(Wang Naidong,Ma Ziqi,Yao Yangping,et al.Analysis of moisture migration affected by test period and initial water content[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):13-16(in Chinese))
[6]罗汀,陈含,姚仰平,等.锅盖效应水分迁移规律分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):6-9(Luo Ting,Chen Han,Yao Yangping,et al.Analysis of water migration characteristics of pot-cover effect[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):6-9(in Chinese))
[7]王乃东,李成志,姚仰平,等.锅盖效应中土体温度场变化规律的试验研究[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):10-12,20(Wang Naidong,Li Chengzhi,Yao Yangping,et al.Research on the variation of the temperature field in soil for pot-cover effect tests[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):10-12,20(in Chinese))
[8]张如如,赵云,徐文杰,等.温度作用下机场跑道土基中水气运移规律分析[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2016,50(5):822-830(Zhang Ruru,Zhao Yun,Xu Wenjie,et al.Water-gas migration analysis in runway subgrade soil under influence of temperature[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2016,50(5):822-830(in Chinese))
[9]张如如.季节性温度变化引起机场跑道“锅盖效应”数值及试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016(Zhang Ruru.Numerical and experimental research on the“pot-cover”effect in airpot runways caused by seasonal temperature change[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016(in Chinese))
[10]滕继东,贺佐跃,张升,等.非饱和土水气迁移与相变:两类“锅盖效应”的发生机理及数值再现[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1813-1821(Teng Jidong,He Zuoyue,Zhang Sheng,et al.Moisture transfer and phase change in unsaturated soils:physical mechanism and numerical model for two types of“canopy effect”[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1813-1821(in Chinese))
[11]张升,贺佐跃,滕继东,等.非饱和土水汽迁移与相变:两类“锅盖效应”的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(5):961-968(Zhang Sheng,He Zuoyue,Teng Jidong,et al.Water vapor transfer and phase change in unsaturated soils:experimental study on two types of canopy effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(5):961-968(in Chinese))
[12]Zhang S,Teng J,He Z,et al.Canopy effect caused by vapour transfer in covered freezing soils[J].Géotechnique,2016,66(11):927-940
[13]Bittelli M,Salvatorelli F,Pisa P R.Correction of TDR-based soil water content measurements in conductive soils[J].Geoderma,2008,143(1):133-142
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