直喷汽油机恒转速增转矩工况燃烧与排放
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摘要
在一台直喷汽油机(GDI)上,利用发动机瞬态控制和测试系统,研究恒转速增转矩工况下节气门切换幅度和切换耗时对发动机燃烧与排放动态响应的影响,并通过基于比例积分(PI)调节的过量空气系数(λ)闭环控制和节气门超调策略优化瞬态工况的燃烧和排放.试验结果表明:在恒转速增转矩工况,发动机工作参数相对于节气门的变化有一定的滞后,切换时间越长各参数与节气门变化的跟随性越好;切换幅度较大时,各参数稳定性较差;进气的响应特性是影响发动机瞬态工况下燃烧与排放的主要因素.在所研究的工况下,过量空气系数闭环控制的最优PI(比例值、积分值)组合为P=0.08/I=0.5;进气门超调策略可以更有效地减小进气响应的滞后时间,使燃烧更充分,降低颗粒物数量浓度和碳氢(HC)排放.
The combustion and emissions of a gasoline direct injection(GDI) engine were studied during constant-speed and increasing-torque conditions by transient engine control and measuring system. The effects of transient throttle switching duration and amplitude were investigated. The close-loop λ proportion and integral(PI) control for fuel injection strategy and the throttle overshoot strategy were tried to show their potentials to improve the transient combustion and emissions. The results revealed there were different degrees of time lags for engine working parameters compared with throttle opening, and the longer switching duration would shorten the lags. The stabilities of the working parameters became worse when the switching amplitude was larger. The response characteristic of intake air was thought to be the major factor that affected the transient combustion and emissions. In this paper, the combination of P=0.08/I=0.5 was the best to shorten the time lag with throttle opening and reduce the particulate number and hydrocarbon(HC) emissions. Compared with PI optimization strategy, the throttle overshoot strategy could be more efficient to shorten the intake response delay, making more fully combustion and reducing particulate number and HC emissions in the transient conditions.
The combustion and emissions of a gasoline direct injection(GDI) engine were studied during constant-speed and increasing-torque conditions by transient engine control and measuring system. The effects of transient throttle switching duration and amplitude were investigated. The close-loop λ proportion and integral(PI) control for fuel injection strategy and the throttle overshoot strategy were tried to show their potentials to improve the transient combustion and emissions. The results revealed there were different degrees of time lags for engine working parameters compared with throttle opening, and the longer switching duration would shorten the lags. The stabilities of the working parameters became worse when the switching amplitude was larger. The response characteristic of intake air was thought to be the major factor that affected the transient combustion and emissions. In this paper, the combination of P=0.08/I=0.5 was the best to shorten the time lag with throttle opening and reduce the particulate number and hydrocarbon(HC) emissions. Compared with PI optimization strategy, the throttle overshoot strategy could be more efficient to shorten the intake response delay, making more fully combustion and reducing particulate number and HC emissions in the transient conditions.
引文
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[2] DIEU F.Structural optimization of a vehicle using finite element techniques[C/CD]// SAE Paper.Shanghai:SAE International,1988.885135.
[3] 吴春玲,赵亮,刘双喜,等.中国轻型车第六阶段排放标准解读[J].内燃机与配件,2017(7):28.WU Chunling,ZHAO Liang,LIU Shuangxi,et al.Introduction to China VI limit and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles[J].Internal Combustion Engine & Parts,2017(7):28.
[4] 刘忠长,王忠恕,李骏,等.CA6DE1-21K柴油机瞬态工况下的烟度排放特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(6):484.LIU Zhongchang,WANG Zhongsu,LI Jun,et al.Smoke emission behavior of CA6DE1-21K diesel engine under transient operating conditions[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2004,10(6):484.
[5] 王锐.直喷汽油机起动及暖机过程微粒排放特性研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.WANG Rui.Research on the particle emission characteristic during the start and warm up processes of GDI engine[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.
[6] 赵世峰.直喷汽油机冷起动工况壁面油膜特性及其对碳烟排放的影响研究[D].太原:中北大学,2016.ZHAO Shifeng.Properties of oil film and its effects on soot emission under the cold start condition of direct injection gasoline engine[D].Taiyuan:North University of China,2016.
[7] 李岳林,张志永,刘志强,等.汽油机恒转矩增转速瞬态工况燃烧特性的实验研究[J].汽车工程,2008,30(6):511.LI Yuelin,ZHANG Zhiyong,LIU Zhiqiang,et al.An experiment study on transient combustion characteristics of gasoline engine with speed and increasing torque[J].Automotive Engineering,2008,30(6):511.
[8] 张龙平,刘忠长,田径,等.柴油机瞬变工况的动态响应及燃烧劣变分析[J].内燃机学报,2014(2):104.ZHANG Longping,LIU Zhongchang,TIAN Jing,et al.Dynamic response and combustion deterioration analysis of a diesel engine under transient sperations[J].Transactions of CSICE,2014(2):104.
[9] 何江涛.基于Mototron平台的汽油机加速工况燃烧规律的试验研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2013.HE Jiangtao.Experimental study on combustion rules of gasoline engine under accelerated transient operating conditions based on mototron[D].Changsha:Changsha University of Science and Technology,2013.
[10] 苗志慧,李君,于凯.某GDI汽油机低速小负荷瞬态工况下排气微粒浓度及粒径分布特性研究[J].科技创新导报,2016(11):65.MIAO Zhihui,LI Jun,YU Kai.Research on exhaust particle concentration and size distribution characteristics of the GDI engine under low rotating speed and small torque transient condition[J].Science and Technology Innovation Herald,2016(11):65.
[11] RAKOPOULOS C D,DIMARATOS A M,GIAKOUMIS E G,et al.Evaluation of the effect of engine,load and turbocharger parameters on transient emissions of diesel engine[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2009,50(9):2381.
[12] NILSSON T,FROBERG A,?SLUND J.Optimal operation of a turbocharged diesel engine during transients[J].SAE International Journal of Engines,2015,5(5):571.
[13] 韩永强,刘忠长,刘晓明,等.柴油机恒转速增转矩瞬态工况的燃烧过程分析及其对烟度的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(1):23.HAN Yongqiang,LIU Zhongchang,LIU Xiaoming,et al.Effect of combustion parameters on diesel engine smoke opacity under constant speed and increasing torque transient operating condition[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2004,10(1):23.
[14] KANG H,FARRELL P V.Experimental investigation of transient emissions (HC and NOx) in a high speed direct injection (HSDI) diesel engine[C/CD]// SAE Papers.Shanghai:SAE International,2005.2005-01-3883.
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