雷电先导下行过程特高压直流线路电晕向流注放电转化的仿真研究
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摘要
为了定量研究雷暴过程中电晕空间电荷对特高压直流输电线路后续流注放电起始的影响,基于带通量限制器的2阶有限体积方法和Kaptzov假设,建立雷暴过程中特高压直流输电线路电晕空间电荷分布的数值仿真模型。通过开展动态电场下水平导线电晕放电电流的实测与仿真对比研究,验证了模型的准确性。计算分析典型±1100kV特高压直流输电线路雷暴过程中导地线电晕电流时域波形和电晕空间电荷分布特征。得出下行先导趋近过程会显著增加导、地线表面附近约0.5m范围内正离子密度,并使导、地线电晕电流最大值较雷云电场作用时增加6～7个数量级。随着地线表面附近正离子密度增加,电场最大值从地线表面向导线附近空间移动,而导致后续流注产生。所作研究工作可为后续研究电晕空间电荷对特高压直流线路雷电绕击特性的影响奠定基础。
In order to study the effect of corona space charge on the initiation of subsequent streamer discharges of the UHVDC overhead transmission line during thunderstorms, a 2 D numerical simulation model is established to calculate the distribution of the corona space charge during a thunderstorm based on a second-order accurate finite volume method and Kaptzov's assumption. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the measured and simulated corona discharge current of horizontal single line under dynamic electric field. The corona current waveform and space charge distribution characteristics of a typical ±1100 kV UHVDC overhead transmission line subjected to the thundercloud and the downward leader was calculated. It is concluded that the descending process of downward leader will significantly increase the density of positive ions in vicinity of ground wires, where the distance to the ground wire is in the range of about 0.5 m. The maximum value of corona discharge current of the conductor and the ground wire increases 6～7 orders of magnitude in response to the downward leader, when compared with the steady state value under the thundercloud electric field. As the increasing of the positive ion density near the surface of the ground wire, the location of the maximum electric field will moves far away from the surface of the ground wire. It will trigger the initiation of the subsequent streamer discharge. The work lays a foundation for further study on the influence of the space charge layer on the lightning attachment to UHVDC overhead transmission line.
In order to study the effect of corona space charge on the initiation of subsequent streamer discharges of the UHVDC overhead transmission line during thunderstorms, a 2 D numerical simulation model is established to calculate the distribution of the corona space charge during a thunderstorm based on a second-order accurate finite volume method and Kaptzov's assumption. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the measured and simulated corona discharge current of horizontal single line under dynamic electric field. The corona current waveform and space charge distribution characteristics of a typical ±1100 kV UHVDC overhead transmission line subjected to the thundercloud and the downward leader was calculated. It is concluded that the descending process of downward leader will significantly increase the density of positive ions in vicinity of ground wires, where the distance to the ground wire is in the range of about 0.5 m. The maximum value of corona discharge current of the conductor and the ground wire increases 6～7 orders of magnitude in response to the downward leader, when compared with the steady state value under the thundercloud electric field. As the increasing of the positive ion density near the surface of the ground wire, the location of the maximum electric field will moves far away from the surface of the ground wire. It will trigger the initiation of the subsequent streamer discharge. The work lays a foundation for further study on the influence of the space charge layer on the lightning attachment to UHVDC overhead transmission line.
引文
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[15]Meroth A M,Gerber T,Munz C D,et al.Numerical solution of nonstationary charge coupled problems[J].Journal of Electrostatics,1999,45(3):177-198.
[16]余辉,陈维江,李国富,等.雷电上行先导模拟试验用新型冲击电压发生装置研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6543-6551.Yu Hui,Chen Weijiang,Li Guofu,et al.Research on the new impulse voltage generator for simulation experiment of upward lightning leader[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6543-6551(in Chinese).
[17]陈杉杉,贺恒鑫,邹妍晖,等.雷云电场作用下?1100kV特高压直流输电线路电晕空间电荷分布特征的仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(4):1367-1376.Chen Shanshan,He Hengxin,Zou Yanhui,et al.Distribution characteristics of corona space charge generated from the?1100kV UHVDC overhead transmission line under the thundercloud electric field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(4):1367-1376(in Chinese).
[18]Rizk F A M.Analysis of space charge generating devices for lightning protection:Performance in slow varying fields[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(3):1996-2006.
[2]Armstrong H R,Whitehead E R.Field and analytical studies of transmission line shielding[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1968(1):270-281.
[3]王羽,邓冶强,文习山,等.基于长间隙放电试验适用于大尺寸输电线路的改进电气几何模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(12):3654-3661.Wang Yu,Deng Yeqiang,Wen Xishan,et al.An improved electric geometry model based on breakdown test of long air gaps and suited for large-sized transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(12):3654-3661(in Chinese).
[4]Dellera L,Garbagnati E.Lightning stroke simulation by means of the leader progression model.Part II:Exposure and shielding failure evaluation of overhead lines with assessment of application graphs[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery,1990,5(4):2023-2029.
[5]陈维江,贺恒鑫,何俊佳,等.输电线路雷电先导发展三维仿真模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(36):6601-6612.Chen Weijiang,He Hengxin,He Junjia,et al.On the3-dimentional leader progression model for the lightning shielding failure performance estimation of overhead transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(36):6601-6612(in Chinese).
[6]贺恒鑫,何俊佳,钱冠军,等.特高压交流输电线路的雷电屏蔽分析模型[J].高电压技术,2010,36(1):196-204.He Hengxin,He Junjia,Qian Guanjun,et al.Study on the lightning shielding analysis model of UHVACoverhead transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(1):196-204(in Chinese).
[7]Aleksandrov N L,Bazelyan E M,Drabkin M M,et al.Corona discharge at the tip of a tall object in the electric field of a thundercloud[J].Plasma Physics Reports,2002,28(11):953-964.
[8]Becerra M.Glow corona generation and streamer inception at the tip of grounded objects during thunderstorms:revisited[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2013,46(13):135205.
[9]Mokrov M S,Raizer Y P,Bazelyan E M.Development of a positive corona from a long grounded wire in a growing thunderstorm field[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2013,46(45):455202.
[10]陈维江,余辉,贺恒鑫,等.雷电先导下行过程近地电场时空分布与模拟方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(29):5221-5233.Chen Weijiang,Yu Hui,He Hengxin,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics and simulation method of the electric field near ground during lightning attachment process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(29):5221-5233(in Chinese).
[11]张其林,郄秀书,王怀斌,等.近距离负地闪电场波形的观测分析与数值模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(18):126-130.Zhang Qilin,Qie Xiushu,Wang Huaibin,et al.Characteristics and numerical simulation of electric field waveforms produced by close negative cloud-to-ground flashes[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(18):126-130(in Chinese).
[12]Cooray V,Rakov V,Theethayi N.The lightning striking distance-Revisited[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2007,65:296-306.
[13]Kaptzow N A.Electrische vorgange in gasen und im Vakuu,VEB DeutscherVerlag der Wissenschaften[M].Berlin,1955.
[14]Peek F W.Dielectric phenomena in high voltage engineering[M].McGraw-Hill Book Company,Incorporated,1920.
[15]Meroth A M,Gerber T,Munz C D,et al.Numerical solution of nonstationary charge coupled problems[J].Journal of Electrostatics,1999,45(3):177-198.
[16]余辉,陈维江,李国富,等.雷电上行先导模拟试验用新型冲击电压发生装置研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6543-6551.Yu Hui,Chen Weijiang,Li Guofu,et al.Research on the new impulse voltage generator for simulation experiment of upward lightning leader[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6543-6551(in Chinese).
[17]陈杉杉,贺恒鑫,邹妍晖,等.雷云电场作用下?1100kV特高压直流输电线路电晕空间电荷分布特征的仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(4):1367-1376.Chen Shanshan,He Hengxin,Zou Yanhui,et al.Distribution characteristics of corona space charge generated from the?1100kV UHVDC overhead transmission line under the thundercloud electric field[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(4):1367-1376(in Chinese).
[18]Rizk F A M.Analysis of space charge generating devices for lightning protection:Performance in slow varying fields[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(3):1996-2006.
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