基于Mapping方法的京沪高速铁路区域景观规划分析
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摘要
高速铁路的快速发展在改变人们出行方式、缩短"时空距离"、提高工作效率的同时,也在急剧改变着城市景观风貌和区域景观格局,这为风景园林规划设计提出了新的研究课题,需要拓宽研究视野、拓展研究方法。景观都市主义的Mapping方法,一直在研究如何让景观更有效地介入空间、生态和社会的发展进程,用多种方式对空间或地理坐标基础上的信息进行可视化操作。通过Mapping的"层-组-群"方法,以穿越与连接了多地域、多层次区域景观的京沪高速铁路为研究对象,研究京沪高铁沿线的相关层级信息、叠组的关联与群化关系,展示出网络化与可视性的景观因素与特征。研究结果旨在为跨区域高速铁路的景观规划提供参考。
Rapid development of high-speed railway is changing people's travelling mode, shortening space-time distance and improving efficiency, where a new issue is accordingly arisen for the regional landscape planning that research areas are needed to be broadened and methods should be developed. The Mapping method of Landscape Urbanism has been used to study how to make the landscape more effectively involved in the development of city space, ecology and society, in a variety of ways on the basis of spatial or geographical coordinates of the information visualization operation. With the way of the layer-group-cluster from Mapping,Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line, which crosses and connects multi-territorial and multi-level regional landscape, is studied through visualized information diagrams which are layered,grouped and clustered to illustrate elements and characteristics of landscape along the line. Results can supply references for regional landscape planning of trans-regional high-speed railway.
Rapid development of high-speed railway is changing people's travelling mode, shortening space-time distance and improving efficiency, where a new issue is accordingly arisen for the regional landscape planning that research areas are needed to be broadened and methods should be developed. The Mapping method of Landscape Urbanism has been used to study how to make the landscape more effectively involved in the development of city space, ecology and society, in a variety of ways on the basis of spatial or geographical coordinates of the information visualization operation. With the way of the layer-group-cluster from Mapping,Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line, which crosses and connects multi-territorial and multi-level regional landscape, is studied through visualized information diagrams which are layered,grouped and clustered to illustrate elements and characteristics of landscape along the line. Results can supply references for regional landscape planning of trans-regional high-speed railway.
引文
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[18]王海容,叶茂华,王绍森.地图术的语境与研究溯源[J].建筑与文化,2008(8):194-195.
[19]陈蔚镇,刘荃.作为城市触媒的景观[J].建筑学报,2016(12):88-93.
[20]黄宇驾.论景观都市主义实践中的城市基础设施[J].中外建筑,2016(12):66-70.
(1)高铁速度会给车内观者带来与普速铁路、普通公路,甚至高速公路不一样的景观尺度感知。通过京沪高铁线路上的调研和动态视频的数据测绘对比发现,在外界白天空气清晰度较好的情况下,车内观者头部相对静止,仅靠眼部运动的情况下,高速运动状态(300km/h)对0~80m距离的景观无法有效辨识对象的形状、色彩和细节;80~150m距离能够大致辨识景观对象的形状与色彩,如道路、树木、路牌形状色彩等,但详细内容无法识别;视距空间距离在150~300m时,能相对清晰地识别景观对象的形状、色彩,其具体内容,如广告牌中较小的文字已不易辨识;300~1 000m时,虽然能够更为稳定地观看景观,但由于景物较远,只有其轮廓、基本色彩对比关系可以得到辨识。
[2]Mossop E.Landscape of Infrastructure[M]//Waldheim C.The Landscape Urbanism Reader.New York:Princeton Architectural Press,2006.
[3]Landscape Urbanism Core Seminar[EB/OL].[2017-01-27].http://www.aaschool.ac.uk/lu/.
[4]屈张.AA景观都市主义设计思想方法的解析与启示[J].建筑学报,2012(3):74-78.
[5]Koolhaas R,Mau B.S,M,L,XL[M].New York:Monaceli Press,1995.
[6]Cosgrove D.Mappings[M].London:Reaktion Books Ltd,1999.
[7]张健健,王晓俊.树城:一个超越常规的公园设计[J].国际城市规划,2007,22(5):100.
[8]OMA.OMA/Rem Koolhaas 1996-2007[J].ELCroquis,2007(134/135):188.
[9]MVRDV.Metacity/Datatown[M].Rotterdam:010Uitgeverij,1999.
[10]Corner J.Eidetic Operations and New Landscapes[C]//Corner J.Recovering Landscape:Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture.New York:Princeton Architectural Press,1999:153.
[11]Allen S.Infrastructure Urbanism,Points+Lines:Diagrams and Projects for the City[M].New York:Princeton Architectural Press,1999.
[12]冷虎林,左辅强.京津城际高速铁路沿线景观规划的实践及其启示[J].规划师,2011,27(7):53-56.
[13]Corner J.The Agency of Mapping:Speculation,Critique and Invention[M]//Cosgrove D.Mappings.London:Reaktion Books Ltd,1999.
[14]李慧希.基于地图术(Mapping)的景观建筑学研究[D].南京:东南大学,2016.
[15]克里斯多弗·吉鲁特.在时间中描述景观[M]//查尔斯·瓦尔德海姆.景观都市主义.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[16]WU Qinqin.Arriving landscape[J].Landscape Architecture Frontiers,2015(3):117-120.
[17]詹姆斯·康纳.地图术的力量:反思、批判和创新[M]//童明,董豫赣,葛明.园林与建筑.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.
[18]王海容,叶茂华,王绍森.地图术的语境与研究溯源[J].建筑与文化,2008(8):194-195.
[19]陈蔚镇,刘荃.作为城市触媒的景观[J].建筑学报,2016(12):88-93.
[20]黄宇驾.论景观都市主义实践中的城市基础设施[J].中外建筑,2016(12):66-70.
(1)高铁速度会给车内观者带来与普速铁路、普通公路,甚至高速公路不一样的景观尺度感知。通过京沪高铁线路上的调研和动态视频的数据测绘对比发现,在外界白天空气清晰度较好的情况下,车内观者头部相对静止,仅靠眼部运动的情况下,高速运动状态(300km/h)对0~80m距离的景观无法有效辨识对象的形状、色彩和细节;80~150m距离能够大致辨识景观对象的形状与色彩,如道路、树木、路牌形状色彩等,但详细内容无法识别;视距空间距离在150~300m时,能相对清晰地识别景观对象的形状、色彩,其具体内容,如广告牌中较小的文字已不易辨识;300~1 000m时,虽然能够更为稳定地观看景观,但由于景物较远,只有其轮廓、基本色彩对比关系可以得到辨识。
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