淀粉聚磷酸铵阻燃复合薄片的制备及燃烧热解特性
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摘要
以淀粉和聚磷酸铵为阻燃材料,以薄片为底物采用喷丝和涂载两种方法制备了烟草阻燃复合薄片,研究复合薄片的结构以及阻燃材料对薄片燃烧性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,与对照薄片相比,淀粉为1%,聚磷酸铵为3%时复合薄片热释放速率峰值可降低23.2%,复合薄片在热解的前期的热重损失量由56.24%下降至30%左右,而且在850℃残留炭量增加了2倍以上;进一步的热解气相产物分析也表明复合薄片燃烧后生成的大部分气相产物相对含量都得到了不同程度的降低。结论表明薄片经阻燃改性后不仅能在热解过程中形成稳定的焦炭层并延缓了薄片的进一步热解,而且在燃烧过程中了热失重温度向高温区移动,降低了绝大部分气相产物的相对含量,此项研究对于新型薄片和低危害卷烟的开发关键技术研究提供理论指导。
A reconstituted tobacco sheet(RTS) substrate has been coated with a flame retardant film, made from starch(ST) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP), elaborated by layer-by-layer and spray coating techniques to study the effect of flame retardant material on the combustion behavior and thermal degradation of ST-APP-RTS. The result showed that ST-APP-RTS(1% starch + 3%APP) showed obvious reductions of the peak heat release rate(23.2%) and the mass loss was decreased from 56.24% to about 30% at the second region of thermal degradation. The incorporation of starch and APP flame retardant film can greatly promoted the formation of tar and the amount of thermal residue at 850℃ increased 2 times compared with RTS. In addition, the presence of ST-APP coating changed the formation of evolved volatile products and formed less gaseous products during the thermal decomposition process, thus demonstrating the high reduction of temperature and flammability.
A reconstituted tobacco sheet(RTS) substrate has been coated with a flame retardant film, made from starch(ST) and ammonium polyphosphate(APP), elaborated by layer-by-layer and spray coating techniques to study the effect of flame retardant material on the combustion behavior and thermal degradation of ST-APP-RTS. The result showed that ST-APP-RTS(1% starch + 3%APP) showed obvious reductions of the peak heat release rate(23.2%) and the mass loss was decreased from 56.24% to about 30% at the second region of thermal degradation. The incorporation of starch and APP flame retardant film can greatly promoted the formation of tar and the amount of thermal residue at 850℃ increased 2 times compared with RTS. In addition, the presence of ST-APP coating changed the formation of evolved volatile products and formed less gaseous products during the thermal decomposition process, thus demonstrating the high reduction of temperature and flammability.
引文
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[21]WANG Y,ZHANG S,WU X,et al.Effect of montmorillonite on the flame-resistant and mechanical properties of intumescent flame-retardant poly(butylene succinate)composites[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2017,128(3):1417-1427.
[22]张优茂,李旭华,黄翼飞,等.卷烟燃烧峰值温度对主流烟气CO释放量的影响[J].中国造纸,2011,30(9):39-43.
[2]谢国勇,李斌,银董红,等.卷烟燃吸温度分布与主流烟气中7种有害成分释放量的关系[J].烟草科技,2013,(11):67-72.
[3]CAROSIO F,FONTAINE G,ALONGI J,et al.Starch-based layer by layer assembly:efficient and sustainable approach to cotton fire protection[J].ACS Appl Mater Inter,2015,7(22):12158-12167.
[4]WANG N,XU G,WU Y,et al.The influence of expandable graphite on double-layered microcapsules in intumescent flame-retardant natural rubber composites[J].JTherm Anal Calorim,2016,123(2):1239-1251.
[5]葛维娟,张金凯,马丽,等.成炭剂及其膨胀阻燃体系的研究进展[J].塑料科技,2014,42(12):119-125.
[6]GAO M,WU W,LIU S,et al.Thermal degradation and flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foams containing a novel intumescent flame tetardant[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2014,117(3):1419-1425.
[7]TANG G,DENG D,CHEN J,et al.The influence of organo-modified sepiolite on the flame-retardant and thermal properties of intumescent flame-retardant polylactide composites[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2017,130(2):763-772.
[8]DAVIS R,LI Y,GERVASIO M,et al.One-pot,bioinspired coatings to reduce the flammability of flexible polyurethane forms.[J].ACS Appl Mater Inter,2015,7(11):6082-6092.
[9]白洁,薛宝霞,杨雅茹,等.壳聚糖/聚磷酸铵膨胀阻燃PP的阻燃及抑烟性能[J].工程塑料应用,2017,45(7):119-123.
[10]马东,赵培华,李娟,等.生物基阻燃剂的设计、制备和应用研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2016,44(10):134-137.
[11]CASETTA C R M,DUQUESNE S,BOURBIGOT S,et al.Flammability properties of intumescent PLA including starch and lignin[J].Polym Advan Technol,2008,19(6):628-635.
[12]朱培蕾,赵贵云,汪名春,等.玉米多孔淀粉生成条件及其成空过程的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):164-169.
[13]朱小燕,杜先锋,赵昊,等.退火处理对葛根淀粉老化特性和质构特性的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(5):756-760.
[14]朱晓兰,徐迎波,周顺,等.烤烟烟叶淀粉晶体结构的光谱分析[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(1):44-48.
[15]RIMEZ B,RAHIER H,BIESEMANS M,et al.Flame retardancy and degradation mechanism of poly(vinyl acetate)in combination with intumescent flame retardants:I.ammonium poly(phosphate)[J].Polym Degrad Stabil,2015,121(11):321-330.
[16]ZHU X,HE Q,HU Y,et al.A comparative study of structure,thermal degradation,and combustion behavior of starch from different plant sources[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2018,132(1):1-9.
[17]胡海洲,姚忠达,舒俊生,等.烤烟淀粉含量对主流烟气成分的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2014,41(2):329-332.
[18]王程辉,周顺,徐迎波,等.再造烟叶丝、膨胀烟丝和膨胀梗丝的燃烧特性[J].烟草科技,2013,(1):5-9.
[19]ZHOU S,NING M,XU Y,et al.Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of reconstituted tobacco sheet treated with ammonium polyphosphate[J].J Anal Appl Pyrol,2013,100(3):223-229.
[20]CHEN M.,SHE S,XU Z.,et al.Effect of exogenous softwood on thermal decomposition of reconstituted tobacco sheet[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2014,117(2):893-900.
[21]WANG Y,ZHANG S,WU X,et al.Effect of montmorillonite on the flame-resistant and mechanical properties of intumescent flame-retardant poly(butylene succinate)composites[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,2017,128(3):1417-1427.
[22]张优茂,李旭华,黄翼飞,等.卷烟燃烧峰值温度对主流烟气CO释放量的影响[J].中国造纸,2011,30(9):39-43.
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