Gaseous hydrogen storage properties of Mg-Y-Ni-Cu alloys prepared by melt spinning
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摘要
For purpose of promoting the hydrogen absorption and desorption thermodynamics and kinetics properties of Mg-Ni-based alloys, partially substituting Y and Cu for Mg and Ni respectively and melt spinning technique were applied for getting Mg_(25-x)Y_xNi_9 Cu(χ = 0-7) alloys. Their microstructures and phases were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Their hydrogen absorbing and desorbing properties were tested by a Sievert apparatus, DSC, and TGA, which were connected with a H_2 detector. In order to estimate the dehydrogenation activation energy of alloy hydride, both Arrhenius and Kissinger methods were applied for calculation. It is found that their hydriding kinetics notably declines, however, their hydrogen desorption kinetics conspicuously improves, with spinning rate and Y content increasing. Their hydrogen desorption activation energy markedly decreases under the same constraint, and it is found that melt spinning and Y substituting Mg improve the real driving force for dehydrogenation. As for the tendency of hydrogen absorption capacity,it presents an elevation firstly and soon after a decline with the rising of spinning rate, however, it always lowers with Y content growing. With Y content and spinning rate increasing, their thermodynamic parameters(△H and △S absolute values) visibly decrease, and the starting hydrogen desorption temperatures of alloy hydrides obviously lower.
For purpose of promoting the hydrogen absorption and desorption thermodynamics and kinetics properties of Mg-Ni-based alloys, partially substituting Y and Cu for Mg and Ni respectively and melt spinning technique were applied for getting Mg_(25-x)Y_xNi_9 Cu(χ = 0-7) alloys. Their microstructures and phases were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Their hydrogen absorbing and desorbing properties were tested by a Sievert apparatus, DSC, and TGA, which were connected with a H_2 detector. In order to estimate the dehydrogenation activation energy of alloy hydride, both Arrhenius and Kissinger methods were applied for calculation. It is found that their hydriding kinetics notably declines, however, their hydrogen desorption kinetics conspicuously improves, with spinning rate and Y content increasing. Their hydrogen desorption activation energy markedly decreases under the same constraint, and it is found that melt spinning and Y substituting Mg improve the real driving force for dehydrogenation. As for the tendency of hydrogen absorption capacity,it presents an elevation firstly and soon after a decline with the rising of spinning rate, however, it always lowers with Y content growing. With Y content and spinning rate increasing, their thermodynamic parameters(△H and △S absolute values) visibly decrease, and the starting hydrogen desorption temperatures of alloy hydrides obviously lower.
For purpose of promoting the hydrogen absorption and desorption thermodynamics and kinetics properties of Mg-Ni-based alloys, partially substituting Y and Cu for Mg and Ni respectively and melt spinning technique were applied for getting Mg_(25-x)Y_xNi_9 Cu(χ = 0-7) alloys. Their microstructures and phases were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Their hydrogen absorbing and desorbing properties were tested by a Sievert apparatus, DSC, and TGA, which were connected with a H_2 detector. In order to estimate the dehydrogenation activation energy of alloy hydride, both Arrhenius and Kissinger methods were applied for calculation. It is found that their hydriding kinetics notably declines, however, their hydrogen desorption kinetics conspicuously improves, with spinning rate and Y content increasing. Their hydrogen desorption activation energy markedly decreases under the same constraint, and it is found that melt spinning and Y substituting Mg improve the real driving force for dehydrogenation. As for the tendency of hydrogen absorption capacity,it presents an elevation firstly and soon after a decline with the rising of spinning rate, however, it always lowers with Y content growing. With Y content and spinning rate increasing, their thermodynamic parameters(△H and △S absolute values) visibly decrease, and the starting hydrogen desorption temperatures of alloy hydrides obviously lower.
引文
1.Mori D, Hirose K.Recent challenges of hydrogen storage technologies for fuel cell vehicles.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2009;34:4569.
2.Lan R, Irvine JTS, Tao SW.Ammonia and related chemicals as potential indirect hydrogen storage materials.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2012;37:1482.
3.Dong BX, Gao JJ, Teng YL, Tian H, Wang LZ.A novel hydrogen storage system of KLi_3(NH_2)_4-4LiH with superior cycling stability.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2016;41:5371.
4.Zhang YH, Ji M, Yuan ZM, Gao JL, Qi Y, Dong XP, et al.A comparison study of hydrogen storage performances of SmMg_(11)Ni alloys prepared by melt spinning and ball milling.J Rare Earths.2018;36:409.
5.Muz I, Atis M.Boron-doped hydrogenated Al_3 clusters:a material for hydrogen storage.J Alloys Compd.2016;667:275.
6.Yang YJ, Liu YF, Zhang Y, Li Y, Gao MX, Pan HG.Hydrogen storage properties and mechanisms of Mg(BH_4)_2·2NH_3-xMgH_2 combination systems.J Alloys Compd.2014;585:674.
7.Zhang B, Wu Y.Microstructural evolution and improved hydrogen storage properties for the Li_3N-MgH_2 system by addition of LiNH_2 during the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2015;40:9298.
8.Leng HY, Pan YB, Li Q, Chou KC.Effect of LiH on hydrogen storage property of MgH_2.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2014;39:13622.
9.Sandi G.Hydrogen storage and its limitations.Electrochem Soc Interface.2004; 13:40.
10.Petrushenko IK, Petrushenko KB.DFT study of single-walled carbon hollows as media for hydrogen storage.Comput Theor Chem.2018; 1140:80.
11.Pyle DS, Gray EM, Webb CJ.Hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures via spillover.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2016;41:19098.
12.Yürüm Y, Taralp A, Veziroglu TN.Storage of hydrogen in nano structured carbon materials.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2009;34:3784.
13.Cappillino PJ, Lavernia EJ, Ong MD, Wolfer WG, Yang NY.Plastic deformation and hysteresis for hydrogen storage in Pd-Rh alloys.J Alloys Compd.2014;586:59.
14.Liu BZ, Hu MJ, Li AM, Ji LQ, Zhang BQ, Zhu XL.Micro structure and electrochemical characteristics of La_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)Ni_(3.75)Mn_(0.35)Al_(0.15)Cu_(0.75-x)(V_(0.81)Fe_(0.19))_x hydrogen storage alloys.J Rare Earths.2012;30:769.
15.Pan HG, Liu YF, Gao MX, Zhu YF, Lei YQ, Wang QD.An investigation on the structural and electrochemical properties of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)(Ni_(0.85)Co_(0.15))_x(x=3.15-3.80)hydrogen storage electrode alloys.J Alloys Compd.2003;351:228.
16.Chen W, Ouyang LZ, Liu JW, Yao XD, Wang H, Liu ZW, et al.Hydrolysis and regeneration of sodium borohydride(NaBH4)-a combination of hydrogen production and storage.J Power Sources.2017;359:400.
17.Zhong H, Ouyang LZ, Ye JS, Liu JW, Wang H, Yao XD, et al.An one-step approach towards hydrogen production and storage.Energy Storage Mater.2017;7:222.
18.Shaw L, Pratt J, Klebanoff L, Johnson T, Arienti M, Moreno M.Analysis of H_2storage needs for early market"man-portable"fuel cell applications.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:2810.
19.Ebrahimi-Purkani A, Kashani-Bozorg SF.Nanocrystalline Mg_2Ni-based powders produced by high-energy ball milling and subsequent annealing.J Alloys Compd.2008;456:211.
20.Liao B, Lei YQ, Chen LX, Lu GL, Pan HG, Wang QD.A study on the structure and electrochemical properties of La_2Mg(Ni_(0.95)M_(0.05))_9(M=Co, Mn, Fe, Al, Cu, Sn)hydrogen storage electrode alloys.J Alloys Compd.2004;376:186.
21.Pan HG, Liu YF, Gao MX, Lei YQ, Wang QD.A study of the structural and electrochemical properties of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)(Ni_(0.85)Co_(0.15))_x(x=2.5-5.0)hydrogen storage alloys.J Electrochem Soc.2003;150:A565.
22.Chandra D, Sharma A, Chellappa R, Cathey WN, Lynch FE, Bowman RC, et al.Hydriding and structural characteristics of thermally cycled and cold-worked V-0.5 at%C alloy.J Alloys Compd.2008;452:312.
23.Pan YB, Leng HY, Wei J, Li Q.Effect of LiBH_4 on hydrogen storage property of MgH_2.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:5133.
24.Liu YF, Pan HG, Gao MX, Wang QD.Advanced hydrogen storage alloys for Ni/MH rechargeable batteries.J Mater Chem.2011;21:4743.
25.Pei LC, Han SM, Hu L, Zhao X, Liu YQ.Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg_(3.93)Ni_(0.21)alloy.J Rare Earths.2012;30:534.
26.Urretavizcaya G, Chavez ACS, Castro FJ.Hydrogen absorption and desorption in the Mg-Ag system.J Alloys Compd.2014;611:202.
27.Zhang YH, Feng DC, Sun H, Bu WG, Qi Y, Guo SH.Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloys synthesized by mechanical milling.J Rare Earths.2017;35:280.
28.Ouyang LZ, Yang XS, Zhu M, Liu JW, Dong HW, Sun DL, et al.Enhanced hydrogen storage kinetics and stability by synergistic effects of in situ formed CeH_(2.73)and Ni in CeH_(2.73)-MgH_2-Ni nanocomposites.J Phys Chem C.2014;118:7808.
29.Zhang W, Cheng Y, Li YH, Duan ZC, Liu J.Effect of LaFeO_3 on hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of MgH_2.J Rare Earths.2015;33:334.
30.Ouyang LZ, Cao ZJ, Wang H, Liu JW, Sun DL, Zhang QA, et al.Dual-tuning effect of in on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Mg2Ni dehydrogenation.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:8881.
31.Cao ZJ, Ouyang LZ, Wu YY, Wang H, Liu JW, Fang F, et al.Dual-tuning effects of In, Al, and Ti on the thermodynamics and kinetics of Mg_(85)In_5Al_5Ti_5 alloy synthesized by plasma milling.J Alloys Compd.2015;623:354.
32.Fujimoto T, Ogawa S, Kanai T, Uchiyama N, Yoshida T, Yagi S.Hydrogen storage property of materials composed of Mg nanoparticles and Ni nanoparticles fabricated by gas evaporation method.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2015;40:11890.
33.Fan YP, Peng XY, Liu BZ, Su TC, Bala HR.Microstructures and hydrogen storage properties of as-cast and copper-mould-cast LaMg4Ni alloys.J Rare Earths.2014;32:434.
34.Siarhei K, Lars R, Thomas R, Thomas G, Thomas W, Bernd K.Microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of melt-spun Mg-Cu-Ni-Y alloys.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2011;36:1592.
35.Grosdidier T, Fundenberger JJ, Zou JX, Pan YC, Zeng XQ.Nano structured Mg based hydrogen storage bulk materials prepared by high pressure torsion consolidation of arc plasma evaporated ultrafine powders.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2015;40:16985.
36.Kumar LH, Viswanathan B, Murthy SS.Hydrogen absorption by Mg_2Ni prepared by polyol reduction.J Alloys Compd.2008;461:72.
37.Dong HW, Ouyang LZ, Sun T, Zhu M.Effect of ball milling on hydrogen storage of Mg3La alloy.J Rare Earths.2008;26:303.
38.Spassov T, Lyubenova L, Koster U, BaróMD.Mg-Ni-RE nanocrystalline alloys for hydrogen storage.Mater Sci Eng, A.2004;375-377:794.
39.Spassov T, Koster U.Hydrogenation of amorphous and nanocrystalline Mgbased alloys.J Alloys Compd.1999;287:243.
40.Huang LJ, Liang GY, Sun ZB, Wu DC.Electrode properties of melt-spun Mg-Ni-Nd amorphous alloys.J Power Sources.2006;160:684.
41.Lass EA.Hydrogen storage measurements in novel Mg-based nanostructured alloys produced via rapid solidification and devitrification.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2011;36:10787.
42.Liu YQ, Han SM, Hu L, Liu BZ, Zhao X, Jia YH.Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of REMg_(8.35)Ni_(2.18)Al_(0.21)(RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Nd)hydrogen storage alloys.J Rare Earths.2013;31:784.
43.Shi H, Han SM, Jia YH, Liu YQ, Zhao X, Liu BZ.Investigations on hydrogen storage properties of LaMg_(8.52)Ni_(2.23)M_(0.15)(M=Ni, Cu, Cr)alloys.J Rare Earths.2013;31:79.
44.Zhang YH, Yang T, Cai Y, Hu F, Qi Y, Zhao DL.Structures and electrochemical performances of RE-Mg-Ni-Mn-based alloys prepared by casting and melt spinning.J Rare Earths.2016;34:1241.
45.Lim KL, Liu Y, Zhang QA, Lin KS, Chan SLI.Cycle stability of La-Mg-Ni based hydrogen storage alloys in a gas-solid reaction.IntJ Hydrogen Energy.2017;42:23737.
46.Balcerzak M, Nowak M, Jurczyk M.Hydrogenation and electrochemical studies of La-Mg-Ni alloys.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2017;42:1436.
47.Sadhasivam T, Hudso MSL, Pandey SK, Bhatnagar A, Singh MK, Gurunathan K,et al.Effects of nano size mischmetal and its oxide on improving the hydrogen sorption behaviour of MgH_2.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:7353.
48.Niu H, Northwood DO.Enhanced electrochemical properties of ball-milled Mg_2Ni electrodes.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2002;27:69.
49.Lv YJ, Zhang B, Wu Y.Effect of Ni content on microstructural evolution and hydrogen storage properties of Mg-xNi-3La(x=5, 10, 15, 20 at.%)alloys.J Alloys Compd.2015;641:176.
50.Czujko T, Varin RA, Chiu C, Wronski Z.Investigation of the hydrogen desorption properties of Mg+10 wt.%X(X=V, Y, Zr)submicrocrystalline composites.J Alloys Compd.2006;414:240.
51.Kissinger HE.Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis.Anal Chem.1957;29:1702.
52.Li Q, Pan YB, Leng HY, Chou KC.Structures and properties of Mg-La-Ni ternary hydrogen storage alloys by microwave-assisted activation synthesis.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2014;39:14247.
53.Wang JS, Li Y, Liu T, Peng DD, Han SM.Synthesis of Mg-based composite material with in-situ formed LaH3 and its hydrogen storage characteristics.J Rare Earths.2018;36:739.
54.Liu T, Zhang TW, Zhang XZ, Li XG.Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of ultrafine Mg-Zn particles.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2011;36:3515.
55.Zhang YH, Qi Y, Zhao DL, Guo SH, Ma ZH, Wang XL.An investigation of hydrogen storage kinetics of melt-spun nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg_2Ni-type alloys.J Rare Earths.2011;29:87.
56.Tanaka K, Miwa T, Sasaki K, Kuroda K.TEM studies of nanostructure in meltspun Mg-Ni-La alloy manifesting enhanced hydrogen desorbing kinetics.J Alloys Compd.2009;478:308.
57.Zhang YH, Wang HT, Zhai TT, Yang T, Qi Y, Zhao DL.Hydrogen storage characteristics of the nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg-Nd-Ni-Cu-based alloys prepared by melt spinning.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2017;39:3790.
2.Lan R, Irvine JTS, Tao SW.Ammonia and related chemicals as potential indirect hydrogen storage materials.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2012;37:1482.
3.Dong BX, Gao JJ, Teng YL, Tian H, Wang LZ.A novel hydrogen storage system of KLi_3(NH_2)_4-4LiH with superior cycling stability.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2016;41:5371.
4.Zhang YH, Ji M, Yuan ZM, Gao JL, Qi Y, Dong XP, et al.A comparison study of hydrogen storage performances of SmMg_(11)Ni alloys prepared by melt spinning and ball milling.J Rare Earths.2018;36:409.
5.Muz I, Atis M.Boron-doped hydrogenated Al_3 clusters:a material for hydrogen storage.J Alloys Compd.2016;667:275.
6.Yang YJ, Liu YF, Zhang Y, Li Y, Gao MX, Pan HG.Hydrogen storage properties and mechanisms of Mg(BH_4)_2·2NH_3-xMgH_2 combination systems.J Alloys Compd.2014;585:674.
7.Zhang B, Wu Y.Microstructural evolution and improved hydrogen storage properties for the Li_3N-MgH_2 system by addition of LiNH_2 during the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2015;40:9298.
8.Leng HY, Pan YB, Li Q, Chou KC.Effect of LiH on hydrogen storage property of MgH_2.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2014;39:13622.
9.Sandi G.Hydrogen storage and its limitations.Electrochem Soc Interface.2004; 13:40.
10.Petrushenko IK, Petrushenko KB.DFT study of single-walled carbon hollows as media for hydrogen storage.Comput Theor Chem.2018; 1140:80.
11.Pyle DS, Gray EM, Webb CJ.Hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures via spillover.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2016;41:19098.
12.Yürüm Y, Taralp A, Veziroglu TN.Storage of hydrogen in nano structured carbon materials.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2009;34:3784.
13.Cappillino PJ, Lavernia EJ, Ong MD, Wolfer WG, Yang NY.Plastic deformation and hysteresis for hydrogen storage in Pd-Rh alloys.J Alloys Compd.2014;586:59.
14.Liu BZ, Hu MJ, Li AM, Ji LQ, Zhang BQ, Zhu XL.Micro structure and electrochemical characteristics of La_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)Ni_(3.75)Mn_(0.35)Al_(0.15)Cu_(0.75-x)(V_(0.81)Fe_(0.19))_x hydrogen storage alloys.J Rare Earths.2012;30:769.
15.Pan HG, Liu YF, Gao MX, Zhu YF, Lei YQ, Wang QD.An investigation on the structural and electrochemical properties of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)(Ni_(0.85)Co_(0.15))_x(x=3.15-3.80)hydrogen storage electrode alloys.J Alloys Compd.2003;351:228.
16.Chen W, Ouyang LZ, Liu JW, Yao XD, Wang H, Liu ZW, et al.Hydrolysis and regeneration of sodium borohydride(NaBH4)-a combination of hydrogen production and storage.J Power Sources.2017;359:400.
17.Zhong H, Ouyang LZ, Ye JS, Liu JW, Wang H, Yao XD, et al.An one-step approach towards hydrogen production and storage.Energy Storage Mater.2017;7:222.
18.Shaw L, Pratt J, Klebanoff L, Johnson T, Arienti M, Moreno M.Analysis of H_2storage needs for early market"man-portable"fuel cell applications.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:2810.
19.Ebrahimi-Purkani A, Kashani-Bozorg SF.Nanocrystalline Mg_2Ni-based powders produced by high-energy ball milling and subsequent annealing.J Alloys Compd.2008;456:211.
20.Liao B, Lei YQ, Chen LX, Lu GL, Pan HG, Wang QD.A study on the structure and electrochemical properties of La_2Mg(Ni_(0.95)M_(0.05))_9(M=Co, Mn, Fe, Al, Cu, Sn)hydrogen storage electrode alloys.J Alloys Compd.2004;376:186.
21.Pan HG, Liu YF, Gao MX, Lei YQ, Wang QD.A study of the structural and electrochemical properties of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)(Ni_(0.85)Co_(0.15))_x(x=2.5-5.0)hydrogen storage alloys.J Electrochem Soc.2003;150:A565.
22.Chandra D, Sharma A, Chellappa R, Cathey WN, Lynch FE, Bowman RC, et al.Hydriding and structural characteristics of thermally cycled and cold-worked V-0.5 at%C alloy.J Alloys Compd.2008;452:312.
23.Pan YB, Leng HY, Wei J, Li Q.Effect of LiBH_4 on hydrogen storage property of MgH_2.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:5133.
24.Liu YF, Pan HG, Gao MX, Wang QD.Advanced hydrogen storage alloys for Ni/MH rechargeable batteries.J Mater Chem.2011;21:4743.
25.Pei LC, Han SM, Hu L, Zhao X, Liu YQ.Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of LaMg_(3.93)Ni_(0.21)alloy.J Rare Earths.2012;30:534.
26.Urretavizcaya G, Chavez ACS, Castro FJ.Hydrogen absorption and desorption in the Mg-Ag system.J Alloys Compd.2014;611:202.
27.Zhang YH, Feng DC, Sun H, Bu WG, Qi Y, Guo SH.Structure and electrochemical hydrogen storage characteristics of Ce-Mg-Ni-based alloys synthesized by mechanical milling.J Rare Earths.2017;35:280.
28.Ouyang LZ, Yang XS, Zhu M, Liu JW, Dong HW, Sun DL, et al.Enhanced hydrogen storage kinetics and stability by synergistic effects of in situ formed CeH_(2.73)and Ni in CeH_(2.73)-MgH_2-Ni nanocomposites.J Phys Chem C.2014;118:7808.
29.Zhang W, Cheng Y, Li YH, Duan ZC, Liu J.Effect of LaFeO_3 on hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of MgH_2.J Rare Earths.2015;33:334.
30.Ouyang LZ, Cao ZJ, Wang H, Liu JW, Sun DL, Zhang QA, et al.Dual-tuning effect of in on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Mg2Ni dehydrogenation.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:8881.
31.Cao ZJ, Ouyang LZ, Wu YY, Wang H, Liu JW, Fang F, et al.Dual-tuning effects of In, Al, and Ti on the thermodynamics and kinetics of Mg_(85)In_5Al_5Ti_5 alloy synthesized by plasma milling.J Alloys Compd.2015;623:354.
32.Fujimoto T, Ogawa S, Kanai T, Uchiyama N, Yoshida T, Yagi S.Hydrogen storage property of materials composed of Mg nanoparticles and Ni nanoparticles fabricated by gas evaporation method.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2015;40:11890.
33.Fan YP, Peng XY, Liu BZ, Su TC, Bala HR.Microstructures and hydrogen storage properties of as-cast and copper-mould-cast LaMg4Ni alloys.J Rare Earths.2014;32:434.
34.Siarhei K, Lars R, Thomas R, Thomas G, Thomas W, Bernd K.Microstructure and hydrogen storage properties of melt-spun Mg-Cu-Ni-Y alloys.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2011;36:1592.
35.Grosdidier T, Fundenberger JJ, Zou JX, Pan YC, Zeng XQ.Nano structured Mg based hydrogen storage bulk materials prepared by high pressure torsion consolidation of arc plasma evaporated ultrafine powders.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2015;40:16985.
36.Kumar LH, Viswanathan B, Murthy SS.Hydrogen absorption by Mg_2Ni prepared by polyol reduction.J Alloys Compd.2008;461:72.
37.Dong HW, Ouyang LZ, Sun T, Zhu M.Effect of ball milling on hydrogen storage of Mg3La alloy.J Rare Earths.2008;26:303.
38.Spassov T, Lyubenova L, Koster U, BaróMD.Mg-Ni-RE nanocrystalline alloys for hydrogen storage.Mater Sci Eng, A.2004;375-377:794.
39.Spassov T, Koster U.Hydrogenation of amorphous and nanocrystalline Mgbased alloys.J Alloys Compd.1999;287:243.
40.Huang LJ, Liang GY, Sun ZB, Wu DC.Electrode properties of melt-spun Mg-Ni-Nd amorphous alloys.J Power Sources.2006;160:684.
41.Lass EA.Hydrogen storage measurements in novel Mg-based nanostructured alloys produced via rapid solidification and devitrification.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2011;36:10787.
42.Liu YQ, Han SM, Hu L, Liu BZ, Zhao X, Jia YH.Phase structure and hydrogen storage properties of REMg_(8.35)Ni_(2.18)Al_(0.21)(RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Nd)hydrogen storage alloys.J Rare Earths.2013;31:784.
43.Shi H, Han SM, Jia YH, Liu YQ, Zhao X, Liu BZ.Investigations on hydrogen storage properties of LaMg_(8.52)Ni_(2.23)M_(0.15)(M=Ni, Cu, Cr)alloys.J Rare Earths.2013;31:79.
44.Zhang YH, Yang T, Cai Y, Hu F, Qi Y, Zhao DL.Structures and electrochemical performances of RE-Mg-Ni-Mn-based alloys prepared by casting and melt spinning.J Rare Earths.2016;34:1241.
45.Lim KL, Liu Y, Zhang QA, Lin KS, Chan SLI.Cycle stability of La-Mg-Ni based hydrogen storage alloys in a gas-solid reaction.IntJ Hydrogen Energy.2017;42:23737.
46.Balcerzak M, Nowak M, Jurczyk M.Hydrogenation and electrochemical studies of La-Mg-Ni alloys.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2017;42:1436.
47.Sadhasivam T, Hudso MSL, Pandey SK, Bhatnagar A, Singh MK, Gurunathan K,et al.Effects of nano size mischmetal and its oxide on improving the hydrogen sorption behaviour of MgH_2.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2013;38:7353.
48.Niu H, Northwood DO.Enhanced electrochemical properties of ball-milled Mg_2Ni electrodes.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2002;27:69.
49.Lv YJ, Zhang B, Wu Y.Effect of Ni content on microstructural evolution and hydrogen storage properties of Mg-xNi-3La(x=5, 10, 15, 20 at.%)alloys.J Alloys Compd.2015;641:176.
50.Czujko T, Varin RA, Chiu C, Wronski Z.Investigation of the hydrogen desorption properties of Mg+10 wt.%X(X=V, Y, Zr)submicrocrystalline composites.J Alloys Compd.2006;414:240.
51.Kissinger HE.Reaction kinetics in differential thermal analysis.Anal Chem.1957;29:1702.
52.Li Q, Pan YB, Leng HY, Chou KC.Structures and properties of Mg-La-Ni ternary hydrogen storage alloys by microwave-assisted activation synthesis.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2014;39:14247.
53.Wang JS, Li Y, Liu T, Peng DD, Han SM.Synthesis of Mg-based composite material with in-situ formed LaH3 and its hydrogen storage characteristics.J Rare Earths.2018;36:739.
54.Liu T, Zhang TW, Zhang XZ, Li XG.Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of ultrafine Mg-Zn particles.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2011;36:3515.
55.Zhang YH, Qi Y, Zhao DL, Guo SH, Ma ZH, Wang XL.An investigation of hydrogen storage kinetics of melt-spun nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg_2Ni-type alloys.J Rare Earths.2011;29:87.
56.Tanaka K, Miwa T, Sasaki K, Kuroda K.TEM studies of nanostructure in meltspun Mg-Ni-La alloy manifesting enhanced hydrogen desorbing kinetics.J Alloys Compd.2009;478:308.
57.Zhang YH, Wang HT, Zhai TT, Yang T, Qi Y, Zhao DL.Hydrogen storage characteristics of the nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg-Nd-Ni-Cu-based alloys prepared by melt spinning.Int J Hydrogen Energy.2017;39:3790.
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