复合无机离子交换材料及其在水体放射性Cs检测中的应用
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摘要
离子交换法速度快、能与检测仪器联用,已逐渐成为水体中放射性Cs的主要富集方法。由于单一的离子交换材料无法兼顾抗辐照性、强选择性和高吸附速率等性能,因此研发兼顾各种性能的新型离子交换材料将成为提高水体中放射性Cs富集效率的关键。本文通过总结复合无机离子交换材料在水体放射性Cs富集分离方面的研究进展及相关应用,分析了各类复合无机离子交换材料的优缺点,并针对不同复合无机离子交换材料的制备提出了溶胶-凝胶、多孔支撑体和有机物黏接等改进方法。这为制备更高效的复合无机离子交换材料和提高放射性Cs检测的效率提供了参考,也为离子交换法在其他领域中的应用提供了新的思路。
The ion exchange technology is a rapid separation method and can be used in conjunction with the detection instruments, and is the main enrichment method for radioactive Cs in water. Single ion exchange material can not possess the properties of radiation resistance, strong selectivity and high adsorption rate at the same time, so the development of new ion exchange materials with various properties will become the key to improve the enrichment efficiency of radioactive Cs in water. In this paper, the research progress and related application of composite inorganic ion exchange materials in the enrichment and separation of radioactive Cs in water were summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of various composite inorganic ion exchange materials were analyzed. Some improved methods for the preparation of different composite inorganic ion exchange materials by sol-gel, porous support and organic bonding were proposed, which provide references for the preparation of more efficient composite inorganic ion exchange materials as well as the improvement of the efficiency of radioactive Cs detection, and also provide new ideas for the applications of ion exchange method in other fields.
The ion exchange technology is a rapid separation method and can be used in conjunction with the detection instruments, and is the main enrichment method for radioactive Cs in water. Single ion exchange material can not possess the properties of radiation resistance, strong selectivity and high adsorption rate at the same time, so the development of new ion exchange materials with various properties will become the key to improve the enrichment efficiency of radioactive Cs in water. In this paper, the research progress and related application of composite inorganic ion exchange materials in the enrichment and separation of radioactive Cs in water were summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of various composite inorganic ion exchange materials were analyzed. Some improved methods for the preparation of different composite inorganic ion exchange materials by sol-gel, porous support and organic bonding were proposed, which provide references for the preparation of more efficient composite inorganic ion exchange materials as well as the improvement of the efficiency of radioactive Cs detection, and also provide new ideas for the applications of ion exchange method in other fields.
引文
[1] VIPIN A K,HU B,FUGETSU B.Prussian blue caged in alginate/calcium beads as adsorbents for removal of cesium ions from contaminated water[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,258-259:93-101.
[2] STEINHAUSER G,BRANDL A,JOHNSON T E.Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents:A review of the environmental impacts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471(2):800-817.
[3] STAN-SION C,ENACHESCU M,PETRE A R.AMS analyses of I-129 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in the Pacific Ocean waters of the Coast La Jolla-San Diego,USA[J].Environmental Science Processes & Impacts,2015,17(5):932-938.
[4] AOYAMA M,HAMAJIMA Y,HULT M,et al.134Cs and 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean derived from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident,Japan,Part one:Surface pathway and vertical distributions[J].Journal of Oceanography,2016,72(1):53-65.
[5] AOYAMA M,KAJINO M,TANAKA T Y,et al.134Cs and 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean derived from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident,Japan,Part two:Estimation of 134Cs and 137Cs inventories in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Oceanography,2016,72(1):67-76.
[6] 沈舞婷,李俊,康斌,等.新型Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管海绵去除Cs+的研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48(5):949-954.SHEN Wuting,LI Jun,KANG Bin,et al.Study of removing Cs+ by Ni-Fe(Ⅱ) Prussian blue/carbon nanotube sponge[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2014,48(5):949-954(in Chinese).
[7] HJ 816-2016 水和生物样品灰中铯-137的放射化学分析方法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[8] 韩非,顾平,张光辉.去除放射性废水中铯的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2012,32(1):10-14.HAN Fei,GU Ping,ZHANG Guanghui.Research progress in the cesium removal from radioactive liquid waste[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2012,32(1):10-14(in Chinese).
[9] DING D H,ZHANG Z Y,CHEN R Z,et al.Selective removal of cesium by ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile bead and membrane[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,324:753-761.
[10] PARK Y,LEE Y C,SHIN W S,et al.Removal of cobalt,strontium and cesium from radioactive laundry wastewater by ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN)[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,162(2):685-695.
[11] 游新锋,张振涛.新型铯选择性吸附剂的合成及性能[J].核化学与放射化学,2014,36(3):140-148.YOU Xinfeng,ZHANG Zhentao.Fabrication of a novel selective adsorbent for cesium and its performance research[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2014,36(3):140-148(in Chinese).
[12] 杨姗也,王祥学,陈中山,等.四氧化三铁基纳米材料制备及对放射性元素和重金属离子的去除[J].化学进展,2018,30(2/3):225-242.YANG Shanye,WANG Xiangxue,CHEN Zhongshan,et al.Synthesis of Fe3O4-based nanomaterials and their application in the removal of radionuclides and heavy metal ions[J].Progress in Chemistry,2018,30(2/3):225-242(in Chinese).
[13] 王启龙,吴艳,韦悦周.硅基磷钼酸铵吸附剂的合成及其对Cs的吸附[J].核化学与放射化学,2014,36(4):210-215.WANG Qilong,WU Yan,WEI Yuezhou.Synthesis of ammonium molybdopho-sphate (AMP) loaded silica and its adsorption for cesium[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2014,36(4):210-215(in Chinese).
[14] 谭昭怡,黄召亚,李涛文,等.AMP /SBA-15复合材料制备及其对137Cs+的吸附行为[J].化学研究与应用,2016,28(5):743-747.TAN Zhaoyi,HUANG Zhaoya,LI Taowen,et al.Preparation of AMP/SBA-15 composite adsorbent and its adsorption behavior investigation to 137Cs+[J].Chemical Research and Application,2016,28(5):743-747(in Chinese).
[15] 李锦富,阳国桂,罗联哲,等.球形亚铁氰化钴钾-硅胶无机离子交换剂的制备及其用于137Cs-137Bam发生器的研究[J].同位素,2014,27(4):203-208.LI Jinfu,YANG Guogui,LUO Lianzhe,et al.Preparation of spherical potassium cobalt hexacyanoferate(Ⅱ) inorganic ion-exchanger supported on silica gel for 137Cs-137Bam radioisotope generator[J].Journal of Isotopes,2014,27(4):203-208(in Chinese).
[16] PARK Y,KIM C,CHOI S J.Selective removal of Cs using copper ferrocyanide incorporated on organically functionalized silica supports[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2015,303(1):199-208.
[17] NILCHI A,SABERI R,MORADI M,et al.Evaluation of AMP-PAN composite for adsorption of Cs+ ions from aqueous solution using batch and fixed bed operations[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2012,292(2):609-617.
[18] PIKE S M,BUESSELER K O,BREIER C F,et al.Extraction of cesium in seawater off Japan using AMP-PAN resin and quantification via gamma spectroscopy and inductively coupled mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2013,296(1):369-374.
[19] NILCHI A,SABERI R,MORADI M,et al.Adsorption of cesium on copper hexacyanoferrate-PAN composite ion exchanger from aqueous solution[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,172(1):572-580.
[20] 杜志辉,贾铭椿,门金凤,等.聚丙烯腈-亚铁氰化钾钴/钛球形复合吸附剂制备及其对Cs+的吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48(1):14-22.DU Zhihui,JIA Mingchun,MEN Jinfeng,et al.Preparation of polyacrylonitrile-potassium cobalt/titanium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅱ) spherical composite adsorbents and their adsorption properties for Cs+[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2014,48(1):14-22(in Chinese).
[21] BREIER C F,PIKE S M,SEBESTA F,et al.New applications of KNiFC-PAN resin for broad scale monitoring of radiocesium following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2016,307(3):2 193-2 200.
[22] FAGHIHIAN H,IRAVANI M,MOAYED M,et al.Preparation of a novel PAN-zeolite nanocomposite for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions:Kinetic,equilibrium,and thermodynamic studies[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,222:41-48.
[23] 贾铭椿,杜志辉,王晓伟,等.聚丙烯腈-钛硅酸钠球形复合吸附剂对Cs+的吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2016,50(1):31-38.JIA Mingchun,DU Zhihui,WANG Xiaowei,et al.Research on adsorption property of Cs+ on PAN-NaTS spherical composite adsorbent[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2016,50(1):31-38(in Chinese).
[24] MIMURA H,WU Y,WANG Y F,et al.Selective separation and recovery of cesium by ammonium tungstophosphate-alginate microcapsules[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2011,241(12):4 750-4 757.
[25] WU Y,MIMURA H,NIIBORI Y,et al.Study on adsorption behavior of cesium using ammonium tungstophosphate (AWP)-calcium alginate microcapsules[J].Science China Chemistry,2012,55(9):1 719-1 725.
[26] LEE C P,WU M C,TSAI S C,et al.Study on sorption of Cs from aqueous solution by microcapsules enclosing natural minerals[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2016,307(3):1 743-1 748.
[27] 梁成强,贾铭椿,杜志辉,等.交联海藻酸-亚铁氰化镍钾复合离子吸附剂的制备及其对Cs+吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2017,51(6):981-987.LIANG Chengqiang,JIA Mingchun,DU Zhihui,et al.Crosslinked alginate-KNiFC composite adsorbent and its adsorption properties for Cs+[J].Atomic Enemy Science and Technology,2017,51(6):981-987(in Chinese).
[28] 何建华,陈立奇,门武,等.海水中137Cs的快速富集与分析[J].台湾海峡,2011,30(2):280-285.HE Jianhua,CHEN Liqi,MEN Wu,et al.Rapid enrichment and analysis of 137Cs in seawater[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2011,30(2):280-285(in Chinese).
[29] KITAJIMA A,TANAKA H,MINAMI N,et al.Efficient cesium adsorbent using prussian blue nanoparticles immobilized on cotton matrices[J].Chemistry Letters,2012,41(11):1 473-1 474.
[30] 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所.一种快速、高效吸附铯的滤芯的制备方法:中国,ZL201310331819.1[P].2013-10-23.
[31] 马嫱,门武,蔡继杰.海水中放射性铯快速测量方法研究[J].海洋科学前沿,2016,3(3):65-72.MA Qiang,MEN Wu,CAI Jijie.Study on fast measurement of radioactive cesium in seawater[J].Advances in Marine Sciences,2016,3(3):65-72(in Chinese).
[32] YASUTAKA T,KAWAMOTO T,KAWABE Y,et al.Rapid measurement of radiocesium in water using a Prussian blue impregnated nonwoven fabric[J].Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology,2013,50(7):674-681.
[33] CHEN G R,CHANG Y R,LIU X,et al.Prussian blue non-woven filter for cesium removal from drinking water[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,153:37-42.
[34] 梁成强,贾铭椿,杜志辉.交联壳聚糖-亚铁氰化镍钾球形复合吸附剂制备及其对Cs+吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2017,51(2):242-247.LIANG Chenqiang,JIA Mingchun,DU Zhihui.Crosslinked chitosan-potassium nickel hexacyanaferrate(Ⅱ) spherical composite adsorbent and its adsorption property for Cs+[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2017,51(2):242-247(in Chinese).
[35] HU B,FUGETSU B,YU H,et al.Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,217-218:85-91.
[36] YANG H J,LI H Y,ZHAI J L,et al.Magnetic Prussian blue/graphene oxide nanocomposites caged in calcium alginate microbeads for elimination of cesium ions from water and soil[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,246:10-19.
[37] KAMENíK J,DULAIOVA H,?EBESTA F,et al.Fast concentration of dissolved forms of cesium radioisotopes from large seawater samples[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2013,296(2):841-846.
[2] STEINHAUSER G,BRANDL A,JOHNSON T E.Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents:A review of the environmental impacts[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471(2):800-817.
[3] STAN-SION C,ENACHESCU M,PETRE A R.AMS analyses of I-129 from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in the Pacific Ocean waters of the Coast La Jolla-San Diego,USA[J].Environmental Science Processes & Impacts,2015,17(5):932-938.
[4] AOYAMA M,HAMAJIMA Y,HULT M,et al.134Cs and 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean derived from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident,Japan,Part one:Surface pathway and vertical distributions[J].Journal of Oceanography,2016,72(1):53-65.
[5] AOYAMA M,KAJINO M,TANAKA T Y,et al.134Cs and 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean derived from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident,Japan,Part two:Estimation of 134Cs and 137Cs inventories in the North Pacific Ocean[J].Journal of Oceanography,2016,72(1):67-76.
[6] 沈舞婷,李俊,康斌,等.新型Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管海绵去除Cs+的研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48(5):949-954.SHEN Wuting,LI Jun,KANG Bin,et al.Study of removing Cs+ by Ni-Fe(Ⅱ) Prussian blue/carbon nanotube sponge[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2014,48(5):949-954(in Chinese).
[7] HJ 816-2016 水和生物样品灰中铯-137的放射化学分析方法[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016.
[8] 韩非,顾平,张光辉.去除放射性废水中铯的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2012,32(1):10-14.HAN Fei,GU Ping,ZHANG Guanghui.Research progress in the cesium removal from radioactive liquid waste[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2012,32(1):10-14(in Chinese).
[9] DING D H,ZHANG Z Y,CHEN R Z,et al.Selective removal of cesium by ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile bead and membrane[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,324:753-761.
[10] PARK Y,LEE Y C,SHIN W S,et al.Removal of cobalt,strontium and cesium from radioactive laundry wastewater by ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN)[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2010,162(2):685-695.
[11] 游新锋,张振涛.新型铯选择性吸附剂的合成及性能[J].核化学与放射化学,2014,36(3):140-148.YOU Xinfeng,ZHANG Zhentao.Fabrication of a novel selective adsorbent for cesium and its performance research[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2014,36(3):140-148(in Chinese).
[12] 杨姗也,王祥学,陈中山,等.四氧化三铁基纳米材料制备及对放射性元素和重金属离子的去除[J].化学进展,2018,30(2/3):225-242.YANG Shanye,WANG Xiangxue,CHEN Zhongshan,et al.Synthesis of Fe3O4-based nanomaterials and their application in the removal of radionuclides and heavy metal ions[J].Progress in Chemistry,2018,30(2/3):225-242(in Chinese).
[13] 王启龙,吴艳,韦悦周.硅基磷钼酸铵吸附剂的合成及其对Cs的吸附[J].核化学与放射化学,2014,36(4):210-215.WANG Qilong,WU Yan,WEI Yuezhou.Synthesis of ammonium molybdopho-sphate (AMP) loaded silica and its adsorption for cesium[J].Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry,2014,36(4):210-215(in Chinese).
[14] 谭昭怡,黄召亚,李涛文,等.AMP /SBA-15复合材料制备及其对137Cs+的吸附行为[J].化学研究与应用,2016,28(5):743-747.TAN Zhaoyi,HUANG Zhaoya,LI Taowen,et al.Preparation of AMP/SBA-15 composite adsorbent and its adsorption behavior investigation to 137Cs+[J].Chemical Research and Application,2016,28(5):743-747(in Chinese).
[15] 李锦富,阳国桂,罗联哲,等.球形亚铁氰化钴钾-硅胶无机离子交换剂的制备及其用于137Cs-137Bam发生器的研究[J].同位素,2014,27(4):203-208.LI Jinfu,YANG Guogui,LUO Lianzhe,et al.Preparation of spherical potassium cobalt hexacyanoferate(Ⅱ) inorganic ion-exchanger supported on silica gel for 137Cs-137Bam radioisotope generator[J].Journal of Isotopes,2014,27(4):203-208(in Chinese).
[16] PARK Y,KIM C,CHOI S J.Selective removal of Cs using copper ferrocyanide incorporated on organically functionalized silica supports[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2015,303(1):199-208.
[17] NILCHI A,SABERI R,MORADI M,et al.Evaluation of AMP-PAN composite for adsorption of Cs+ ions from aqueous solution using batch and fixed bed operations[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2012,292(2):609-617.
[18] PIKE S M,BUESSELER K O,BREIER C F,et al.Extraction of cesium in seawater off Japan using AMP-PAN resin and quantification via gamma spectroscopy and inductively coupled mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2013,296(1):369-374.
[19] NILCHI A,SABERI R,MORADI M,et al.Adsorption of cesium on copper hexacyanoferrate-PAN composite ion exchanger from aqueous solution[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2011,172(1):572-580.
[20] 杜志辉,贾铭椿,门金凤,等.聚丙烯腈-亚铁氰化钾钴/钛球形复合吸附剂制备及其对Cs+的吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2014,48(1):14-22.DU Zhihui,JIA Mingchun,MEN Jinfeng,et al.Preparation of polyacrylonitrile-potassium cobalt/titanium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅱ) spherical composite adsorbents and their adsorption properties for Cs+[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2014,48(1):14-22(in Chinese).
[21] BREIER C F,PIKE S M,SEBESTA F,et al.New applications of KNiFC-PAN resin for broad scale monitoring of radiocesium following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2016,307(3):2 193-2 200.
[22] FAGHIHIAN H,IRAVANI M,MOAYED M,et al.Preparation of a novel PAN-zeolite nanocomposite for removal of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions:Kinetic,equilibrium,and thermodynamic studies[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,222:41-48.
[23] 贾铭椿,杜志辉,王晓伟,等.聚丙烯腈-钛硅酸钠球形复合吸附剂对Cs+的吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2016,50(1):31-38.JIA Mingchun,DU Zhihui,WANG Xiaowei,et al.Research on adsorption property of Cs+ on PAN-NaTS spherical composite adsorbent[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2016,50(1):31-38(in Chinese).
[24] MIMURA H,WU Y,WANG Y F,et al.Selective separation and recovery of cesium by ammonium tungstophosphate-alginate microcapsules[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2011,241(12):4 750-4 757.
[25] WU Y,MIMURA H,NIIBORI Y,et al.Study on adsorption behavior of cesium using ammonium tungstophosphate (AWP)-calcium alginate microcapsules[J].Science China Chemistry,2012,55(9):1 719-1 725.
[26] LEE C P,WU M C,TSAI S C,et al.Study on sorption of Cs from aqueous solution by microcapsules enclosing natural minerals[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2016,307(3):1 743-1 748.
[27] 梁成强,贾铭椿,杜志辉,等.交联海藻酸-亚铁氰化镍钾复合离子吸附剂的制备及其对Cs+吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2017,51(6):981-987.LIANG Chengqiang,JIA Mingchun,DU Zhihui,et al.Crosslinked alginate-KNiFC composite adsorbent and its adsorption properties for Cs+[J].Atomic Enemy Science and Technology,2017,51(6):981-987(in Chinese).
[28] 何建华,陈立奇,门武,等.海水中137Cs的快速富集与分析[J].台湾海峡,2011,30(2):280-285.HE Jianhua,CHEN Liqi,MEN Wu,et al.Rapid enrichment and analysis of 137Cs in seawater[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2011,30(2):280-285(in Chinese).
[29] KITAJIMA A,TANAKA H,MINAMI N,et al.Efficient cesium adsorbent using prussian blue nanoparticles immobilized on cotton matrices[J].Chemistry Letters,2012,41(11):1 473-1 474.
[30] 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所.一种快速、高效吸附铯的滤芯的制备方法:中国,ZL201310331819.1[P].2013-10-23.
[31] 马嫱,门武,蔡继杰.海水中放射性铯快速测量方法研究[J].海洋科学前沿,2016,3(3):65-72.MA Qiang,MEN Wu,CAI Jijie.Study on fast measurement of radioactive cesium in seawater[J].Advances in Marine Sciences,2016,3(3):65-72(in Chinese).
[32] YASUTAKA T,KAWAMOTO T,KAWABE Y,et al.Rapid measurement of radiocesium in water using a Prussian blue impregnated nonwoven fabric[J].Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology,2013,50(7):674-681.
[33] CHEN G R,CHANG Y R,LIU X,et al.Prussian blue non-woven filter for cesium removal from drinking water[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,153:37-42.
[34] 梁成强,贾铭椿,杜志辉.交联壳聚糖-亚铁氰化镍钾球形复合吸附剂制备及其对Cs+吸附性能研究[J].原子能科学技术,2017,51(2):242-247.LIANG Chenqiang,JIA Mingchun,DU Zhihui.Crosslinked chitosan-potassium nickel hexacyanaferrate(Ⅱ) spherical composite adsorbent and its adsorption property for Cs+[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2017,51(2):242-247(in Chinese).
[35] HU B,FUGETSU B,YU H,et al.Prussian blue caged in spongiform adsorbents using diatomite and carbon nanotubes for elimination of cesium[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,217-218:85-91.
[36] YANG H J,LI H Y,ZHAI J L,et al.Magnetic Prussian blue/graphene oxide nanocomposites caged in calcium alginate microbeads for elimination of cesium ions from water and soil[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2014,246:10-19.
[37] KAMENíK J,DULAIOVA H,?EBESTA F,et al.Fast concentration of dissolved forms of cesium radioisotopes from large seawater samples[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2013,296(2):841-846.
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