富水砂层高效注浆材料试验与应用研究
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摘要
以硅酸盐水泥熟料与工业废渣为原材,通过粒径分布优化、活性激发等优化方法,制备新型高效超细水泥基注浆材料(EMCG)。通过室内试验,研究EMCG材料的流动性能、黏度、析水稳定性、初终凝、强度、体积稳定性等主要性能,对比分析普硅42.5水泥(OPC)、超细硅酸盐水泥(MC)、超细硫铝酸盐水泥(MSAC)及EMCG主要性能;基于XRD及SEM矿物测试,分析EMCG水化机制;通过注浆加固模拟试验,研究EMCG对富水砂层的注浆加固性能,对比分析不同注浆材料浆–岩微观加固模式;通过现场试验,研究EMCG对富水砂层封堵加固效果。研究结果表明:水灰比1.5∶1～2∶1、粉煤灰40%～50%、超塑化剂1.5%～2.0%时,浆液扩散性能最优;浆液稳定状态主控因素为材料细度与水灰比;EMCG材料强度及加固效果最优,MSAC,MC次之,OPC最差;EMCG 7 d加固体强度超过28 d强度70%;EMCG具有砂层扩散性好、泵送稳定、凝胶时间可控、体积稳定、水化活性高、高强、矿物合理、结构致密等优点;EMCG有效提高了富水砂层地层整体性与稳定性,具有显著性能优势与较好工程适用性,是一种比较好的用于地下工程富水砂层加固的注浆材料。
The Portland cement clinker and industrial wastes were selected to prepare the effective microfine cement-based grout(EMCG) adopting optimization methods of particle size distribution and hydration activity excitation. Through laboratory tests,the main features of EMCG such as flowability,viscosity,stability,initial/final setting time,strength and volume stability were studied,and the main properties of ordinary Portland cement 42.5(OPC),microfine Portland cement(MC),microfine sulphoaluminate cement(MSAC) and selfdeveloped EMCG were compared. Based on mineral test methods of XRD and SEM,the hydration mechanism of EMCG was studied. Through grouting simulation experiments,the grouting strengthening property of EMCG on sand specimens was investigated,and different microcosmic reinforcement modes of slurry-rock for various grouts were compared. Field tests were performed to evaluate the plugging and reinforcement effects of EMCG on water-rich sand strata. The results show that the flowability of EMCG suspension is optimal when the water solid ratio(W/S),and the amounts of fly ash and superplasticizer(SP) are 1.5∶1–2∶1,40%–50% and 1.5%–2.0%respectively and that the controlling factors of pumping stability are fineness and W/S. The strength and reinforcement effect of EMCG are the best,followed by MSAC and MC,and then OPC. The 7-day strengths of EMCG reinforced specimens are over 70% of the 28-day strengths. It is also shown that the EMCG suspensions have advantages of excellent groutability,pumping stability,setting controllability,volume stability,high strength,favorable hydration mineral,compact microstructure and so on,and hence,can effectively improve the integrity and stability of water-rich sand strata. Due to its high performance and excellent engineering applicability,EMCG is an efficient and excellent grout especially for anti-seepage and reinforcement of water-rich sand strata.
The Portland cement clinker and industrial wastes were selected to prepare the effective microfine cement-based grout(EMCG) adopting optimization methods of particle size distribution and hydration activity excitation. Through laboratory tests,the main features of EMCG such as flowability,viscosity,stability,initial/final setting time,strength and volume stability were studied,and the main properties of ordinary Portland cement 42.5(OPC),microfine Portland cement(MC),microfine sulphoaluminate cement(MSAC) and selfdeveloped EMCG were compared. Based on mineral test methods of XRD and SEM,the hydration mechanism of EMCG was studied. Through grouting simulation experiments,the grouting strengthening property of EMCG on sand specimens was investigated,and different microcosmic reinforcement modes of slurry-rock for various grouts were compared. Field tests were performed to evaluate the plugging and reinforcement effects of EMCG on water-rich sand strata. The results show that the flowability of EMCG suspension is optimal when the water solid ratio(W/S),and the amounts of fly ash and superplasticizer(SP) are 1.5∶1–2∶1,40%–50% and 1.5%–2.0%respectively and that the controlling factors of pumping stability are fineness and W/S. The strength and reinforcement effect of EMCG are the best,followed by MSAC and MC,and then OPC. The 7-day strengths of EMCG reinforced specimens are over 70% of the 28-day strengths. It is also shown that the EMCG suspensions have advantages of excellent groutability,pumping stability,setting controllability,volume stability,high strength,favorable hydration mineral,compact microstructure and so on,and hence,can effectively improve the integrity and stability of water-rich sand strata. Due to its high performance and excellent engineering applicability,EMCG is an efficient and excellent grout especially for anti-seepage and reinforcement of water-rich sand strata.
引文
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[3]钱七虎.地下工程建设安全面临的挑战与对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1 945-1 956.(QIAN Qihu.Challenges faced by underground projects construction safety and countermeasures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):1 945-1 956.(in Chinese))
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[6]董立朋,刘龙生.富水厚砂层深基坑降水设计与施工[J].隧道建设,2012,32(增2):162-166.(DONG Lipeng,LIU Longsheng.Design and construction of dewatering of deep foundation pits in water-rich thick sandy stratum[J].Tunnel Construction,2012,32(Supp.2):162-166.(in Chinese))
[7]郭海.浅谈土压平衡盾构机在富水砂层下穿风险源的施工技术[J].施工技术,2015,44(增):251-255.(GUO Hai.Construction technology of EPB shield machine in water-rich sand crossing below risk sources[J].Construction Technology,2015,44(Supp.):251-255.(in Chinese))
[8]张成平,张顶立,王梦恕.浅埋暗挖隧道施工引起的地表塌陷分析及其控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):3 601-3 608.(ZHANG Chengping,ZHANG Dingli,WANG Mengshu.Analysis of ground subsidence induced by shallow-buried tunnel construction and its control techniques[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):3 601-3 608.(in Chinese))
[9]张瑾.青岛富水砂层隧道变形机理及其控制对策研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2013.(ZHANG Jin.Deformation mechanism and its control strategy for water-rich sand stratum in tunnels of Qingdao[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),2013.(in Chinese))
[10]唐卓华,杨新安,徐前卫,等.富水砂层盾构脱困降水方案设计与效果分析[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(4):172-178.(TANGZhuohua,YANG Xinan,XU Qianwei,et al.Design of dewatering plan for trapped shield in water-rich sand stratum and its effect analysis[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2016,53(4):172-178.(in Chinese))
[11]方江华,张志红,张景钰.人工冻结法在上海轨道交通四号线修复工程中的应用[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(8):124-128.(FANGJianghua,ZHANG Zhihong,ZHANG Jingyu.Application of artificial freezing to recovering a collapsed tunnel in Shanghai metro No.4line[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(8):124-128.(in Chinese))
[12]程桦,姚直书,张经双,等.人工水平冻结法施工隧道冻胀与融沉效应模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(10):80-85.(CHENG Hua,YAO Zhishu,ZHANG Jingshuang,et al.A model test study on the effect of freeze heaving and thaw subsidence for tunnel construction with artificial horizontal ground freezing[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(10):80-85.(in Chinese))
[13]陈铁林,滕红军,张顶立.厦门翔安海底隧道富水砂层注浆试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):3 711-3 717.(CHEN Tielin,TENG Hongjun,ZHANG Dingli.Grouting test on water-enriched sand layer of Xiamen Xiangan subsea tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):3 711-3 717.(in Chinese))
[14]张霄,李术才,张庆松,等.关键孔注浆方法在高压裂隙水封堵中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(7):1 414-1 421.(ZHANG Xiao,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Study of key-hole grouting method to harness high pressure water gushing in fractured rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(7):1 414-1 421.(in Chinese))
[15]李术才,张伟杰,张庆松,等.富水断裂带优势劈裂注浆机制及注浆控制方法研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(3):745-751.(LI Shucai,ZHANG Weijie,ZHANG Qingsong,et al.Research on advantagefracture grouting mechanism and controlled grouting method in water-rich fault zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(3):745-751.(in Chinese))
[16]LI S C,LIU R T,ZHANG Q S,et al.Protection against water or mud inrush in tunnels by grouting:A review[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2016,8(5):753-766.
[17]袁克阔,李雄伟,徐拴海,等.巨厚富水松散砂层溃砂灾害现状与注浆固沙技术研究及应用[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2017,15(4):32-38.(YUAN Kekuo,LI Xiongwei,XU Shuanhai,et al.Underground grouting-reconstruction technology for thick water-rich sand layer and its engineering practice[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2017,15(4):32-38.(in Chinese))
[18]孟庆彬,韩立军,石荣剑,等.煤矿斜井井筒过流砂层施工技术研究及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(5):900-910.(MENGQingbin,HAN Lijun,SHI Rongjian,et al.Study and application of construction technology for inclined shafts penetrating drift sand strata in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(5):900-910.(in Chinese))
[19]张旭东.土压平衡盾构穿越富水砂层施工技术探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1 445-1 449.(ZHANG Xudong.Construction technology of earth pressure balance shield in watery sandy stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(9):1 445-1 449.(in Chinese))
[20]沙飞,刘人太,李术才,等.运营期渗漏水隧道注浆材料适用性[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,47(12):4 163-4 172.(SHA Fei,LIU Rentai,LI Shucai,et al.Application on different types of cementitious grouts for water-leakage operational tunnels[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2016,47(12):4 163-4 172.(in Chinese))
[21]LI S C,SHA F,LIU R T,et al.Properties of cement-based grouts with high amounts of ground granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,ASCE,2017,29(11):04017219,DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002083.
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