定量改进JHA法的建筑施工高危作业风险分析
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摘要
为预防建筑施工高危作业事故,将定量改进作业危害分析(JHA)法应用于建筑施工高危作业风险分析。首先,采用作业条件危险性评价法,识别建筑施工高危作业,并引入事故致因"2-4"模型建立危害辨识模型;然后,采用风险等级评价法确定作业步骤风险等级,结合各作业步骤权重,运用复合风险度确定关键步骤;最后,采用加权风险度确定高危作业等级,并以某建筑施工脚手架搭设作业为例,进行定量改进JHA分析。结果表明:作业步骤配备个人防护用品和高处作业(脚手架搭设)为关键步骤;复合风险度确定的关键步骤是安全管理的重点,加权风险度确定的高危作业风险等级与实际情况相符。
For the sake of preventing accidents in operation of high risk construction,a quantitatively improved JHA method was introduced into the risk analysis of high-risk operation in construction. Firstly,high-risk operations were identified by the LEC evaluation method and a hazard identification model based on " 2-4" model was established. Then,the risk levels of operation steps were evaluated and the key steps were determined by calculating the compound risk on the basis of the weight of each operation step.Finally,the risk levels of high-risk operations were determined by calculating the weighted risks. Taking the scaffolding erection in a building ' s construction as an example,the quantitative improved JHA was carried out. The results show that key steps are the equipment of operators' protective equipments and work at height( scaffolding erection),that the key steps determined by compound risk degree are the focus of safety management,and that the risk levels of high-risk operations determined by weighted risk degree are consistent with the actual situation.
For the sake of preventing accidents in operation of high risk construction,a quantitatively improved JHA method was introduced into the risk analysis of high-risk operation in construction. Firstly,high-risk operations were identified by the LEC evaluation method and a hazard identification model based on " 2-4" model was established. Then,the risk levels of operation steps were evaluated and the key steps were determined by calculating the compound risk on the basis of the weight of each operation step.Finally,the risk levels of high-risk operations were determined by calculating the weighted risks. Taking the scaffolding erection in a building ' s construction as an example,the quantitative improved JHA was carried out. The results show that key steps are the equipment of operators' protective equipments and work at height( scaffolding erection),that the key steps determined by compound risk degree are the focus of safety management,and that the risk levels of high-risk operations determined by weighted risk degree are consistent with the actual situation.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.住房和城乡建设部办公厅关于2018年房屋市政工程生产安全事故和建筑施工安全专项治理行动情况的通报[EB/OL].(2019-03-26).http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/wjfb/201903/t20190326_239913.html.
[2]闫金鹏.2009年至2017年房屋市政工程建设领域生产安全事故分析与安全控制重点[J].建筑安全,2019(1):61-63.
[3]孙志禹,周剑岚.一种基于行为因素的高危作业安全评价方法的研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3):195-200.SUN Zhiyu,ZHOU Jianlan.Research of safety assessment method on high-risk operation based on behavior risk factors[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(3):195-200.
[4]孙开畅,李权,徐小峰,等.施工高危作业人因风险分析动态贝叶斯网络的应用[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(5):28-35.SUN Kaichang,LI Quan,XU Xiaofeng,et al.Risk analysis on human factors in operation of high risk construction based on dynamic Bayesian network[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(5):28-35.
[5]孙开畅,李权,尹志伟.水利工程高危作业人因评价体系中的认知图理论研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(12):128-132.SUN Kaichang,LI Quan,YIN Zhiwei.Study on cognitive map theory in human factors evaluation system for high risk operation of hydraulic engineering[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(12):128-132.
[6]张敏,杜燮祎,朱彩云,等.高危作业有害因素预防控制水平预警模型[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(2):36-39.ZHANG Min,DU Xieyi,ZHU Caiyun,et al.Early warning model on the prevention and control level for high-danger operation harmful factors[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2009,5(2):36-39.
[7]郑霞忠,望运龙,陈述,等.水电工程高危作业风险影响因素的SEM模型[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(8):119-124.ZHENG Xiazhong,WANG Yunlong,CHEN Shu,et al.SEM model of hydropower high-risk operation on affecting factors[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(8):119-124.
[8]陈全,饶金超.基于改进JHA铜冶炼维修作业风险辨识与信息化应用[J].工业安全与环保,2016,42(10):51-54,71.CHEN Quan,RAO Jinchao.Risk identification based on improved JHA and result information application of copper smelting maintenance and repair work[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2016,42(10):51-54,71.
[9]陈全,刘珍.改进JHA方法在煤矿带式输送机检修作业风险辨识中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(2):218-221.CHEN Quan,LIU Zhen.Application of improved JHA method in risk identification of coal mine belt conveyor maintenance[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2017,48(2):218-221.
[10]宋渊博,卢春雪,罗恒.基于JHA的受限空间作业安全风险管控探讨[J].工业安全与环保,2017,43(9):75-77.SONG Yuanbo,LU Chunxue,LUO Heng.Discussion on safety risk management of confined space based on JHA[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2017,43(9):75-77.
[11]田琦,陈全.基于JHA-事故树分析法的乙炔气柜火灾爆炸风险分析[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2017,33(5):16-20,49.TIAN Qi,CHEN Quan.Explosion risk analysis on acetylene gas holder based on JHA and FTA[J].Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology,2017,33(5):16-20,49.
[12]蔡菊华.立式金属罐检定过程JHA分析及对策[J].安全、健康和环境,2015,15(12):42-44.CAI Juhua.JHA analysis and countermeasures of verification process of vertical type metal tank[J].Safety Health and Environment,2015,15(12):42-44.
[13]游普元.基于JHA的建筑工程施工安全控制分析[J].煤炭技术,2011,30(3):132-133.YOU Puyuan.JHA-based security control of building construction[J].Coal Technology,2011,30(3):132-133.
[14]高建洲.JHA在工程施工管理中的应用[J].安全、健康和环境,2007,7(12):41-44.GAO Jianzhou.Application of JHA in the construction management[J].Safety Health and Environment,2007,7(12):41-44.
[15]傅贵,樊运晓,佟瑞鹏,等.通用事故原因分析方法:第4版[J].事故预防学报,2016,2(1):7-12.FU Gui,FAN Yunxiao,TONG Ruipeng,et al.A universal method for the causation analysis of accidents:version 4[J].Journal of Accident Prevention,2016,2(1):7-12.
[16]徐志胜,姜学鹏.安全系统工程(第3版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:152-154.
[17]张洪,宫运华,傅贵.基于“2-4”模型的建筑施工高处坠落事故原因分类与统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(9):169-174.ZHANG Hong,GONG Yunhua,FU Gui.Causes classification and statistical analysis on falling accidents on construction sites based on"2-4"model[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(9):169-174.
[18]唐迅.建筑施工高处作业安全风险度呈及应用研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.TANG Xun.Study on safety risk measurement of working at heights in construction site and its application[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[19]刘艳,杨春丽.有限空间作业事故特征及其原因分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(3):141-146.LIU Yan,YANG Chunli.Characteristics and causes of accident in confined spaces[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(3):141-146.
[20]LSR评价法[EB/OL].[2017-05-14].https://max.book118.com/html/2017/0513/106605665.shtm.
[2]闫金鹏.2009年至2017年房屋市政工程建设领域生产安全事故分析与安全控制重点[J].建筑安全,2019(1):61-63.
[3]孙志禹,周剑岚.一种基于行为因素的高危作业安全评价方法的研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(3):195-200.SUN Zhiyu,ZHOU Jianlan.Research of safety assessment method on high-risk operation based on behavior risk factors[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(3):195-200.
[4]孙开畅,李权,徐小峰,等.施工高危作业人因风险分析动态贝叶斯网络的应用[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(5):28-35.SUN Kaichang,LI Quan,XU Xiaofeng,et al.Risk analysis on human factors in operation of high risk construction based on dynamic Bayesian network[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(5):28-35.
[5]孙开畅,李权,尹志伟.水利工程高危作业人因评价体系中的认知图理论研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(12):128-132.SUN Kaichang,LI Quan,YIN Zhiwei.Study on cognitive map theory in human factors evaluation system for high risk operation of hydraulic engineering[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2016,12(12):128-132.
[6]张敏,杜燮祎,朱彩云,等.高危作业有害因素预防控制水平预警模型[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(2):36-39.ZHANG Min,DU Xieyi,ZHU Caiyun,et al.Early warning model on the prevention and control level for high-danger operation harmful factors[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2009,5(2):36-39.
[7]郑霞忠,望运龙,陈述,等.水电工程高危作业风险影响因素的SEM模型[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,10(8):119-124.ZHENG Xiazhong,WANG Yunlong,CHEN Shu,et al.SEM model of hydropower high-risk operation on affecting factors[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2014,10(8):119-124.
[8]陈全,饶金超.基于改进JHA铜冶炼维修作业风险辨识与信息化应用[J].工业安全与环保,2016,42(10):51-54,71.CHEN Quan,RAO Jinchao.Risk identification based on improved JHA and result information application of copper smelting maintenance and repair work[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2016,42(10):51-54,71.
[9]陈全,刘珍.改进JHA方法在煤矿带式输送机检修作业风险辨识中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(2):218-221.CHEN Quan,LIU Zhen.Application of improved JHA method in risk identification of coal mine belt conveyor maintenance[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2017,48(2):218-221.
[10]宋渊博,卢春雪,罗恒.基于JHA的受限空间作业安全风险管控探讨[J].工业安全与环保,2017,43(9):75-77.SONG Yuanbo,LU Chunxue,LUO Heng.Discussion on safety risk management of confined space based on JHA[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2017,43(9):75-77.
[11]田琦,陈全.基于JHA-事故树分析法的乙炔气柜火灾爆炸风险分析[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2017,33(5):16-20,49.TIAN Qi,CHEN Quan.Explosion risk analysis on acetylene gas holder based on JHA and FTA[J].Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology,2017,33(5):16-20,49.
[12]蔡菊华.立式金属罐检定过程JHA分析及对策[J].安全、健康和环境,2015,15(12):42-44.CAI Juhua.JHA analysis and countermeasures of verification process of vertical type metal tank[J].Safety Health and Environment,2015,15(12):42-44.
[13]游普元.基于JHA的建筑工程施工安全控制分析[J].煤炭技术,2011,30(3):132-133.YOU Puyuan.JHA-based security control of building construction[J].Coal Technology,2011,30(3):132-133.
[14]高建洲.JHA在工程施工管理中的应用[J].安全、健康和环境,2007,7(12):41-44.GAO Jianzhou.Application of JHA in the construction management[J].Safety Health and Environment,2007,7(12):41-44.
[15]傅贵,樊运晓,佟瑞鹏,等.通用事故原因分析方法:第4版[J].事故预防学报,2016,2(1):7-12.FU Gui,FAN Yunxiao,TONG Ruipeng,et al.A universal method for the causation analysis of accidents:version 4[J].Journal of Accident Prevention,2016,2(1):7-12.
[16]徐志胜,姜学鹏.安全系统工程(第3版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016:152-154.
[17]张洪,宫运华,傅贵.基于“2-4”模型的建筑施工高处坠落事故原因分类与统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(9):169-174.ZHANG Hong,GONG Yunhua,FU Gui.Causes classification and statistical analysis on falling accidents on construction sites based on"2-4"model[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2017,13(9):169-174.
[18]唐迅.建筑施工高处作业安全风险度呈及应用研究[D].南京:东南大学,2015.TANG Xun.Study on safety risk measurement of working at heights in construction site and its application[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2015.
[19]刘艳,杨春丽.有限空间作业事故特征及其原因分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(3):141-146.LIU Yan,YANG Chunli.Characteristics and causes of accident in confined spaces[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(3):141-146.
[20]LSR评价法[EB/OL].[2017-05-14].https://max.book118.com/html/2017/0513/106605665.shtm.
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