稀土-镁复合处理对GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物的影响
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摘要
为了尽可能的去除钢中大颗粒的夹杂物,在实验条件下通过向GCr15轴承钢中添加适量镁、稀土对夹杂物进行改性,并利用Aspex夹杂物自动分析仪和扫描电镜对钢中改性后的夹杂物尺寸、类型、形貌等进行了观察、分析,研究了稀土-镁复合处理对夹杂物的影响规律.研究结果表明,对轴承钢中加入微量镁处理,可将未进行镁处理钢中的MnS-Al_2O_3、MnS、Al_2O_3夹杂改性为以含硫、镁复合夹杂物为主,同时包含少量Al_2O_3、镁铝尖晶石夹杂.进一步采用稀土-镁复合处理后,钢中的夹杂物转变为主要以含Re-S-O夹杂物为主,Al_2O_3、MnS、镁铝尖晶石夹杂逐步消失,且夹杂物成球状分布,绝大多数夹杂物在5μm以下.稀土-镁复合处理轴承钢后,10μm以上的大颗粒夹杂物大大降低,钢中的夹杂物明显得到细化.钢中镁含量不变时,随着稀土含量的增加,大颗粒夹杂物比例明显下降.而在稀土含量相近的情况下,增加钢中的镁含量也有利于大颗粒夹杂物的去除.稀土-镁的相互作用进一步促进了夹杂物的细化.
Bearing steel has very strict requirements on the size,shape,and quantity of non-metallic inclusions. Even if the total oxygen content in steel is kept at very low levels,large inclusions are not completely removed. These large inclusions have a decisive effect on the fatigue life of bearing steel. To remove the large inclusions in the bearing steel as much as possible,the effect of rare earth and magnesium duplex treatment on inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel was investigated by adding moderate rare earth and magnesium to liquid steel under experimental conditions. The size,composition,and morphology of the inclusions were observed by combining Aspex inclusion automatic analysis technology and scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the inclusions in steel before modification are mainly composed of Mn S-Al_2O_3,Mn S,and Al_2O_3,and the inclusions are modified to be composed of a large number of compound inclusions containing sulfur and magnesium and a small amount of Al_2O_3 and magnesia alumina spinel after adding trace magnesium to steel. After complex treatment by rare earth and magnesium,the inclusions are mainly composed of Re-O-S. Al_2O_3,Mn S,and magnesia alumina spinel vanish gradually. The inclusions are spherically distributed,and most of them have diameter less than 5 μm. Inclusions with diameters greater than 10 μm are greatly reduced. Thus,the inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel are obviously refined after rare earth and magnesium complex treatment. When the magnesium content in the steel remains unchanged,the proportion of large particle inclusions decreases with increasing content of rare earth. When the content of rare earth is similar,increasing the magnesium content in steel is beneficial to the removal of large particle inclusions. The interaction of rare earth and magnesium further promotes the refinement of inclusions.
Bearing steel has very strict requirements on the size,shape,and quantity of non-metallic inclusions. Even if the total oxygen content in steel is kept at very low levels,large inclusions are not completely removed. These large inclusions have a decisive effect on the fatigue life of bearing steel. To remove the large inclusions in the bearing steel as much as possible,the effect of rare earth and magnesium duplex treatment on inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel was investigated by adding moderate rare earth and magnesium to liquid steel under experimental conditions. The size,composition,and morphology of the inclusions were observed by combining Aspex inclusion automatic analysis technology and scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the inclusions in steel before modification are mainly composed of Mn S-Al_2O_3,Mn S,and Al_2O_3,and the inclusions are modified to be composed of a large number of compound inclusions containing sulfur and magnesium and a small amount of Al_2O_3 and magnesia alumina spinel after adding trace magnesium to steel. After complex treatment by rare earth and magnesium,the inclusions are mainly composed of Re-O-S. Al_2O_3,Mn S,and magnesia alumina spinel vanish gradually. The inclusions are spherically distributed,and most of them have diameter less than 5 μm. Inclusions with diameters greater than 10 μm are greatly reduced. Thus,the inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel are obviously refined after rare earth and magnesium complex treatment. When the magnesium content in the steel remains unchanged,the proportion of large particle inclusions decreases with increasing content of rare earth. When the content of rare earth is similar,increasing the magnesium content in steel is beneficial to the removal of large particle inclusions. The interaction of rare earth and magnesium further promotes the refinement of inclusions.
引文
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[16]Xi X J,Lai C B,Li J S,et al.Effect of Y-base rare earth on the microstructure and impact toughness of E36 steel plate.Chin JEng,2017,39(2):244(习小军,赖朝彬,李京社,等.钇基稀土对E36钢板显微组织及冲击性能的影响.工程科学学报,2017,39(2):244)
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[18]Lu L T,Li W,Zhang J W,et al.Analysis of rotary bending gigacycle fatigue properties of bearing steel GCr15.Acta Metall Sin,2009,45(1):73(鲁连涛,李伟,张继旺,等.GCr15钢旋转弯曲超长寿命疲劳性能分析.金属学报,2009,45(1):73)
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[2]Li Y D,Yang Z G,Li S X,et al.Correlations between very high cycle fatigue properties and inclusions of GCr15 bearing steel.Acta Metall Sin,2008,44(8):968(李永德,杨振国,李守新,等.GCr15轴承钢超高周疲劳性能与夹杂物相关性.金属学报,2008,44(8):968)
[3]Zhang J M,Zhang J F,Yang Z G,et al.Estimation of maximum inclusion size and fatigue strength in high strength steel.Acta Metall Sin,2004,40(8):846(张继明,张建锋,杨振国,等.高强钢中最大夹杂物的尺寸估计与疲劳强度预测.金属学报,2004,40(8):846)
[4]Chang L Z,Shi X F,Wang J J,et al.Effect of ultrasonic power on distribution of Al_2O_3inclusions in ESR ingots.Chin J Process Eng,2015,15(1):79(常立忠,施晓芳,王建军,等.超声波功率对电渣钢锭中氧化铝夹杂物分布的影响.过程工程学报,2015,15(1):79)
[5]Wang H,Li J,Wang L L.Inclusion modification of magnesium treatment in H13 die steel.China Sciencepaper,2014,9(2):175(王昊,李晶,王亮亮.镁对H13模具钢中夹杂物变性的影响.中国科技论文,2014,9(2):175)
[6]Wand D Y,Xu Z,Qu T P.Effect of Mg addition on inclusions and solidification structure in low carbon microalloy steels.Steelmaking,2017,33(5):12(王德永,徐周,屈天鹏.镁处理对低碳微合金钢中夹杂物和凝固组织的影响.炼钢,2017,33(5):12)
[7]Zheng W,Liu L,Li G Q,et al.Refinement mechanisms of inclusions in steel by Ti-Mg complex deoxidation.Chin J Eng,2015,37(7):873(郑万,刘磊,李光强,等.Ti--Mg复合脱氧钢中夹杂物细化机制.工程科学学报,2015,37(7):873)
[8]Zheng W,Wu Z H,Li G Q,et al.Effects of Ti--Mg complex deoxidation and sulfur content on the characteristics of inclusions and the precipitation behavior of MnS.Chin J Eng,2015,37(3):292(郑万,吴振华,李光强,等.Ti--Mg复合脱氧和硫含量对钢中夹杂物特征及MnS析出行为的影响.工程科学学报,2015,37(3):292)
[9]Zhang T S,Wang D Y,Zhang Y Q,et al.Dynamic evolution of inclusions in Al--Mg deoxidation melts.J Northeast Univ Nat Sci,2014,35(9):1270(张同生,王德永,张永启,等.铝、镁脱氧钢中夹杂物的动态演变规律.东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(9):1270)
[10]Chen B,Bao S R N,Jiang M,et al.Cleanliness ofmolten steel improved by Mg.J Iron Steel Res,2008,20(6):14(陈斌,包萨日娜,姜敏,等.镁提高钢水纯净度的研究.钢铁研究学报,2008,20(6):14)
[11]Yang J,Xu L Y,Zhu K,et al.Improvement of HAZ toughness of steel plate for high heat input welding by inclusion control with Mg deoxidation.Steel Res Int,2015,86(6):619
[12]Liu X,Yang J C,Yang L,et al.Effect of Ce oninclusions and impact oroperty of 2Cr13 stainless steel.J Iron Steel Res Int,2010,17(12):59
[13]Liu C,Revilla R I,Liu Z Y,et al.Effect of inclusions modified by rare earth elements(Ce,La)on localized marine corrosion in Q460NH weathering steel.Corros Sci,2017,129:82
[14]Yang J C,Li H W,Zhou L,et al.Mechanism of trace cerium in ultra-clean IF steel.Iron Steel,2015,50(11):81(杨吉春,栗宏伟,周莉,等.微量稀土铈在超洁净IF钢中的作用.钢铁,2015,50(11):81)
[15]Song M M,Song B,Yang Z B,et al.Microstructure and inclusion evolution in rare earth treated C--Mn steel.Chin J Eng,2015,37(12):1564(宋明明,宋波,杨占兵,等.稀土处理C-Mn钢显微组织和夹杂物演化.工程科学学报,2015,37(12):1564)
[16]Xi X J,Lai C B,Li J S,et al.Effect of Y-base rare earth on the microstructure and impact toughness of E36 steel plate.Chin JEng,2017,39(2):244(习小军,赖朝彬,李京社,等.钇基稀土对E36钢板显微组织及冲击性能的影响.工程科学学报,2017,39(2):244)
[17]Sun H,Ji Y P,Chen L.Effect ofrare earth Ce on microstructure and properties of X65 pipeline steels.Chin J Process Eng,2010,10(2):240(孙昊,计云萍,陈林.稀土Ce对X65管线钢组织和性能的影响.过程工程学报,2010,10(2):240)
[18]Lu L T,Li W,Zhang J W,et al.Analysis of rotary bending gigacycle fatigue properties of bearing steel GCr15.Acta Metall Sin,2009,45(1):73(鲁连涛,李伟,张继旺,等.GCr15钢旋转弯曲超长寿命疲劳性能分析.金属学报,2009,45(1):73)
[19]Uesugi T.Recent development of bearing steel in Japan.Tetsuto-Hagane,1988,74(10):1889
[20]Akesson J.SKFrolling bearing steels--properties and processes.Ball Bear J,1983,217:32
[21]Ohta H,Suito H.Activities in CaO--Mg O--Al_2O_3slags and deoxidation equilibria of Al,Mg,and Ca.ISIJ Int,1996,36(8):983
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