综放工作面充填过空巷顶板失稳机理及控顶研究
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摘要
为了解决综放工作面过空巷时易造成压架、大面积冒顶等技术难题,以山西某矿4318综放工作面过空巷为背景,建立空巷基本顶力学模型,揭示空巷顶板稳定机理,确定顶板破断产生滑落失稳是造成压架的主要原因,进而确定维持空巷顶板稳定的最小支护阻力;采用FLAC3D软件对不同充填体强度下空巷围岩应力、塑性区宽度和巷道变形进行分析,确定了过空巷时的最佳充填体强度。研究结果表明:工作面空巷顶板所需支护阻力应大于4.5 MPa,合理的充填体强度为7.1 MPa。工业试验对比分析了木垛支护、锚杆(索)支护和高水材料充填3种方式,证明高水速凝材料充填支护效果最好,顶板未曾出现冒落现象,帮部也保持了稳定,能够保证综放工作面正常推进。
In order to solve such technical problems as support break-off, large area roof falling when the fully mechanized caving face crosses gobs, the basic top mechanical model of the empty alley is established with the background of the fully mechanized caving face 4318 in a mine in Shanxi, which reveals the stability mechanism of the roof of the empty roadway, identifies the major cause of crushing to be the sliding instability of roof fracture, and further determines the minimum value of supporting resistance to maintain roof stability in the abandoned roadway. Besides, the FLAC3 D numerical simulation software is adopted in this paper to analyze the stress of surrounding rock, the width of plastic zone and the deformation of roadway under different backfill strength, and to determine the optimum backfill strength. The theoretical analysis has shown that the roof support resistance of the abandoned roadway should be greater than 4.5 MPa, and the optimum strength of the filling body is 7.1 MPa. Furthermore,three types of pigsty timbering, bolting(cable) support and filling with high-water quick-setting material are compared and analyzed in industrial trials. The results have shown that the high-water quick-setting material has the best filling and support effect, and the roof does not appear to fall, and the gang also maintains stability, which can ensure the normal advancement of the fully mechanized caving face.
In order to solve such technical problems as support break-off, large area roof falling when the fully mechanized caving face crosses gobs, the basic top mechanical model of the empty alley is established with the background of the fully mechanized caving face 4318 in a mine in Shanxi, which reveals the stability mechanism of the roof of the empty roadway, identifies the major cause of crushing to be the sliding instability of roof fracture, and further determines the minimum value of supporting resistance to maintain roof stability in the abandoned roadway. Besides, the FLAC3 D numerical simulation software is adopted in this paper to analyze the stress of surrounding rock, the width of plastic zone and the deformation of roadway under different backfill strength, and to determine the optimum backfill strength. The theoretical analysis has shown that the roof support resistance of the abandoned roadway should be greater than 4.5 MPa, and the optimum strength of the filling body is 7.1 MPa. Furthermore,three types of pigsty timbering, bolting(cable) support and filling with high-water quick-setting material are compared and analyzed in industrial trials. The results have shown that the high-water quick-setting material has the best filling and support effect, and the roof does not appear to fall, and the gang also maintains stability, which can ensure the normal advancement of the fully mechanized caving face.
引文
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[9]张自政,柏建彪,王卫军,等.沿空留巷充填区域直接顶受力状态探讨与应用[J].煤炭学报.2017,42(8):1960-1970.ZHANG Zizheng,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Weijun,et al.Study on stress state of immediate roof above backfill area in gob-side entry retaining and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):1960-1970.
[10]李杨,朱恩光,张康宁,等.工作面过破坏区开采方法与覆岩破断规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(增刊1):16-23.LI Yang,ZHU Enguang,ZHANG Kangning,et al.Mining methods and roof caving mechanism in longwall mining through the abandoned gate roads of small mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(Sup 1):16-23.
[11]王凯,弓培林,张小强,等.复采工作面过冒顶区顶板断裂特征及控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(10):2080-2087.WANG Kai,GONG Peilin,ZHANG Xiaoqiang,et al.Characteristics and control of roof fracture in caving zone for residual coal mining face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(10):2080-2087.
[12]柏建彪,侯朝炯.空巷顶板稳定性原理及支护技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(1):8-11.BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong.Research on principle of roof stability of abandoned workings and supporting technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(1):8-11.
[13]JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing.Longwall chock sudden closure incident below coal pillar of adjacent upper mined coal seam under shallow cover in the Shendong coalfield[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,77:192-201.
[14]李迎富,华心祝,蔡瑞春.沿空留巷关键块的稳定性力学分析及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):357-364.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu,CAI Ruichun.Mechanics analysis on the stability of key block in the gob-Side en-try retaining and engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):357-364.
[15]张自政,柏建彪,韩志婷,等.空巷顶板稳定性力学分析及充填技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):194-198.ZHANG Zizheng,BAI Jianbiao,HAN Zhiting,et al.Roof mechanics analysis and backfill technology for abandoned roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):194-198.
[16]刘畅,弓培林,王凯,等.复采工作面过空巷顶板稳定性[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):314-322.LIU Chang,GONG Peilin,WANG Kai,et al.Roof stability for repeated mining workface passing through abandoned parallel gateway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):314-322.
[17]熊祖强,范传河,袁印.空巷似膏体材料充填技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(5):13-16.XIONG Zuqiang,FAN Chuanhe,YUAN Yin.Study on backfill technology with paste-like material in mine abandoned roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(5):13-16.
[18]熊祖强,刘旭锋,王成,等.资源整合矿井复采面垮落废巷注浆加固技术研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(11):104-109.XIONG Zuqiang,LIU Xufeng,WANG Cheng,et al.Research on technology for grouting reinforcement of caving waste roadways at repeated mining face in resource integrated mine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(11):104-109.
[19]何向宁,陈勇,秦征远.综放工作面过空巷技术研究及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(6):124-130.HE Xiangning,CHEN Yong,QING Zhengyuan.Application and study on technology of fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face passing through mine abandoned roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(6):124-130.
[20]刘畅,张俊文,杨增强,等.工作面过空巷基本顶超前破断机制及控制技术[J].岩土力学,2018,39(4):1-11.LIU Chang,ZHANG Junwen,YANG Zengqiang,et al.Study on mechanism and control technique of main roof’s advance fracture when workface crossing abandoned roadway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(4):1-11.
[21]华心祝,刘淑,刘增辉,等.孤岛工作面沿空掘巷矿压特征研究及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1646-1651.HUA Xinzhu,LIU Shu,LIU Zenghui,et al.Research on strata pressure characteristic of gob-side entry driving island mining face and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1646-1651.
[22]郭金刚.综采放顶煤工作面高冒空巷充填技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(6):626-629.GUO Jingang.Technique of filling roof collapsed roadway with material with high water content in fully mechanized top coal caving faces[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(6):626-629.
[2]钱鸣高,谬协兴,何富连.采场“砌体梁”结构的关键块分析[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(6):557-563.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,HE Fulian.Analysis of key block in the structure of voussoir beam in longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(6):557-563.
[3]宋振骐,蒋宇静,刘建康.“实用矿山压力控制”的理论和模型[J].煤炭科技,2017(2):1-10.SONG Zhenqi,JIANG Yujing,LIU Jiankang.Theory and model of“practical method of mine pressure control”[J].Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2017(2):1-10.
[4]何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法:第三次矿业科学技术变革[J].煤炭科技,2017(1):1-9.HE Manchao,SONG Zhenqi,WANG An,et al.Theory of longwall mining by using roof cutting short wall team and 110 method-the third mining science and technology reform[J].Coal Science&Technology Magazine,2017(1):1-9.
[5]谢生荣,李世俊,魏臻,等.综放工作面过空巷时围岩稳定性控制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):502-508.XIE Shengrong,LI Shijun,WEI Zhen,et al.Stability control of support-surrounding rock system during fully mechanized caving face crossing abandoned roadway period[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):502-508.
[6]周海丰.大采高工作面过大断面空巷切顶机理及控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(2):120-123.ZHOU Haifeng.Roof cutting mechanism and control technology of high cutting coal mining face passing through large cross section abandoned gateway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(2):120-123.
[7]张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1635-1641.ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillar less gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1635-1641.
[8]侯朝炯,柏建彪,王卫军.综放工作面过空巷高水速凝材料充填试验[J].中国矿业,2001,10(5):57-61.HOU Chaojiong,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Weijun.Practical application of high-moisture quick-setting backfill material to abandoned roadway[J].China Mining Magazine,2001,10(5):57-61.
[9]张自政,柏建彪,王卫军,等.沿空留巷充填区域直接顶受力状态探讨与应用[J].煤炭学报.2017,42(8):1960-1970.ZHANG Zizheng,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Weijun,et al.Study on stress state of immediate roof above backfill area in gob-side entry retaining and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(8):1960-1970.
[10]李杨,朱恩光,张康宁,等.工作面过破坏区开采方法与覆岩破断规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(增刊1):16-23.LI Yang,ZHU Enguang,ZHANG Kangning,et al.Mining methods and roof caving mechanism in longwall mining through the abandoned gate roads of small mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(Sup 1):16-23.
[11]王凯,弓培林,张小强,等.复采工作面过冒顶区顶板断裂特征及控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(10):2080-2087.WANG Kai,GONG Peilin,ZHANG Xiaoqiang,et al.Characteristics and control of roof fracture in caving zone for residual coal mining face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(10):2080-2087.
[12]柏建彪,侯朝炯.空巷顶板稳定性原理及支护技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(1):8-11.BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong.Research on principle of roof stability of abandoned workings and supporting technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(1):8-11.
[13]JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing.Longwall chock sudden closure incident below coal pillar of adjacent upper mined coal seam under shallow cover in the Shendong coalfield[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2015,77:192-201.
[14]李迎富,华心祝,蔡瑞春.沿空留巷关键块的稳定性力学分析及工程应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):357-364.LI Yingfu,HUA Xinzhu,CAI Ruichun.Mechanics analysis on the stability of key block in the gob-Side en-try retaining and engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):357-364.
[15]张自政,柏建彪,韩志婷,等.空巷顶板稳定性力学分析及充填技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):194-198.ZHANG Zizheng,BAI Jianbiao,HAN Zhiting,et al.Roof mechanics analysis and backfill technology for abandoned roadway[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):194-198.
[16]刘畅,弓培林,王凯,等.复采工作面过空巷顶板稳定性[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):314-322.LIU Chang,GONG Peilin,WANG Kai,et al.Roof stability for repeated mining workface passing through abandoned parallel gateway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):314-322.
[17]熊祖强,范传河,袁印.空巷似膏体材料充填技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(5):13-16.XIONG Zuqiang,FAN Chuanhe,YUAN Yin.Study on backfill technology with paste-like material in mine abandoned roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(5):13-16.
[18]熊祖强,刘旭锋,王成,等.资源整合矿井复采面垮落废巷注浆加固技术研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(11):104-109.XIONG Zuqiang,LIU Xufeng,WANG Cheng,et al.Research on technology for grouting reinforcement of caving waste roadways at repeated mining face in resource integrated mine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(11):104-109.
[19]何向宁,陈勇,秦征远.综放工作面过空巷技术研究及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(6):124-130.HE Xiangning,CHEN Yong,QING Zhengyuan.Application and study on technology of fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face passing through mine abandoned roadway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(6):124-130.
[20]刘畅,张俊文,杨增强,等.工作面过空巷基本顶超前破断机制及控制技术[J].岩土力学,2018,39(4):1-11.LIU Chang,ZHANG Junwen,YANG Zengqiang,et al.Study on mechanism and control technique of main roof’s advance fracture when workface crossing abandoned roadway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(4):1-11.
[21]华心祝,刘淑,刘增辉,等.孤岛工作面沿空掘巷矿压特征研究及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1646-1651.HUA Xinzhu,LIU Shu,LIU Zenghui,et al.Research on strata pressure characteristic of gob-side entry driving island mining face and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1646-1651.
[22]郭金刚.综采放顶煤工作面高冒空巷充填技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(6):626-629.GUO Jingang.Technique of filling roof collapsed roadway with material with high water content in fully mechanized top coal caving faces[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2002,31(6):626-629.
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