三种常用水质评价方法的对比分析研究
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摘要
简单介绍了国内常用的评价河流水质的单因子评价法、内梅罗污染指数法以及国际上常用的评价饮用水水质的加拿大水质指数(CCME WQI)法,并以四川省金堂县境内的沱江水系为例,进行实例分析。结果表明:就评价方法而言,单因子评价法和内梅罗污染指数法的评价结果均会受极端指标的影响,而CCME WQI法考虑了"范围、频率、振幅"3个因素的共同作用,能够很好地平抑极端指标的影响,同时,CCME WQI法还能利用水质指数值对水体进行分级,是一种比较全面的水质评价方法;就评价指标而言,不同指标的选择会对评价结果产生一定影响,亟须建立完善的评价指标体系,根据不同的需求选用不同的子指标体系,并由此得到不同的子指数或等级来进行水质评价。
This paper introduces the commonly used methods of evaluating river water quality in China and drinking water quality in foreign countries,including China ' s single-factor water quality evaluation method,Nemerow index method,and Canadian water quality index( CCME WQI) method. Tuojiang River in Jintang,Sichuan Province is selected as the study case. The results show that for evaluating methods,the single-factor evaluation method and Nemerow index method are affected by extreme indicators,and the CCME WQI method considers the combination of"scope,frequency,amplitude",which can smooth the effect of extreme indicators. Besides,the CCME WQI method can use water quality index values to classify water bodies,which is a comprehensive water quality evaluation method. In terms of evaluation indicators,the choice of indicators would influence the evaluation results,and establishing a sound evaluation index system is necessary. Based on the evaluation index system,we can choose different sub-indicator systems for different needs,and different sub-indexes or grades are obtained to evaluate water quality.
This paper introduces the commonly used methods of evaluating river water quality in China and drinking water quality in foreign countries,including China ' s single-factor water quality evaluation method,Nemerow index method,and Canadian water quality index( CCME WQI) method. Tuojiang River in Jintang,Sichuan Province is selected as the study case. The results show that for evaluating methods,the single-factor evaluation method and Nemerow index method are affected by extreme indicators,and the CCME WQI method considers the combination of"scope,frequency,amplitude",which can smooth the effect of extreme indicators. Besides,the CCME WQI method can use water quality index values to classify water bodies,which is a comprehensive water quality evaluation method. In terms of evaluation indicators,the choice of indicators would influence the evaluation results,and establishing a sound evaluation index system is necessary. Based on the evaluation index system,we can choose different sub-indicator systems for different needs,and different sub-indexes or grades are obtained to evaluate water quality.
引文
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[12]李名升,张建辉,梁念,等.常用水环境质量评价方法分析与比较[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):617-624.
[13]徐彬,林灿尧,毛新伟.内梅罗水污染指数法在太湖水质评价中的适用性分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(2):38-40.
[14]李小丽,黎小东,敖天其.改进内梅罗指数法在西充河水质评价中的应用[J].人民黄河,2016,38(8):65-68.
[15]Lumb A,Halliwell D,Sharma T.Application of CCME Water Quality Index to Monitor Water Quality:A Case Study of the Mackenzie River Basin,Canada[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2006,113(1-3):411-429.
[16]Rizvi N,Joshi D K V.Application of CCME Water Quality Index to monitor the Water Quality of River Hindon,India[C]∥Two Days International Conference on Water Environment and Society,2015.
[17]Louis-Charles O.River quality assessment system in France[C]∥Paper presented at the International Workshop Monitoring TailorMade III:Information for Sustainable Water Management.Netherlands:Nunspeet,2001.
[18]United Nations.System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water[Z].2012.
[2]尹海龙,徐祖信.河流综合水质评价方法比较研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(5):729-733.
[3]郭华.不同水质评价法在清河水质评价中的应用[J].人民长江,2012(S1):11-13.
[4]邱小琮,赵红雪,尹娟,等.爱伊河水环境因子分析与水质综合评价[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(12):52-55.
[5]杨磊磊,卢文喜,黄鹤,等.改进内梅罗污染指数法和模糊综合法在水质评价中的应用[J].水电能源科学,2012(6):41-44.
[6]殷飞,金世佳.基于改良综合水质标识指数法的松花江流域(吉林省)水质评价[J].节水灌溉,2017(5):67-71.
[7]李佳蕾,刘国东,李杰,等.改进的灰色关联模型在水质评价中的应用[J].水力发电,2011,37(12):16-18.
[8]李秋元,刘东.组合权重模糊模型在区域地下水水质评价中的应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(3):1-4.
[9]Scheili A,Rodriguez M J,Sadiq R.Development,application,and sensitivity analysis of a water quality index for drinking water management in small systems.[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2015,187(11):685.
[10]Hurley T,Sadiq R,Mazumder A.Adaptation and evaluation of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index(CCMEWQI)for use as an effective tool to characterize drinking source water quality[J].Water Research,2012,46(11):3 544-3 552.
[11]戴润泉,臧小平,邱光胜.三峡水库蓄水前库区水质状况研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(2):124-127.
[12]李名升,张建辉,梁念,等.常用水环境质量评价方法分析与比较[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):617-624.
[13]徐彬,林灿尧,毛新伟.内梅罗水污染指数法在太湖水质评价中的适用性分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(2):38-40.
[14]李小丽,黎小东,敖天其.改进内梅罗指数法在西充河水质评价中的应用[J].人民黄河,2016,38(8):65-68.
[15]Lumb A,Halliwell D,Sharma T.Application of CCME Water Quality Index to Monitor Water Quality:A Case Study of the Mackenzie River Basin,Canada[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2006,113(1-3):411-429.
[16]Rizvi N,Joshi D K V.Application of CCME Water Quality Index to monitor the Water Quality of River Hindon,India[C]∥Two Days International Conference on Water Environment and Society,2015.
[17]Louis-Charles O.River quality assessment system in France[C]∥Paper presented at the International Workshop Monitoring TailorMade III:Information for Sustainable Water Management.Netherlands:Nunspeet,2001.
[18]United Nations.System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water[Z].2012.
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