某铀矿周边土壤典型重金属污染特征及植物筛选
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摘要
为了解某铀矿区土壤重金属污染状况及当地优势植物对超标重金属的修复能力,对矿区下游土壤及植物进行了采样测试。结果显示:矿区土壤存在一定程度U、Cd超标,最严重区域为距尾矿库200m以内的下游区域及采场东南部。超标较重区域大致呈北西-南东向分布。远离尾矿库或采场区域,超标程度具有下降趋势。矿区内优势植物品种较少,富集转运U、Cd元素的能力较弱,苜蓿可作为潜在的修复土壤中U、Cd污染的植物,进一步通过室内栽培,添加螯合剂、改良剂来提升植物对土壤U、Cd的修复能力。
In order to understand the pollution characteristics of typical heavy metals in soil around a uranium mining and the ability of local dominant plants to repair contaminated soil,the soil and plants in the downstream area of the mining were sampled and tested.The results show that the soil in the mining area shows a certain degree of U and Cd exceeding the standard.The most serious area is the downstream area within 200 mfrom the tailings pond and the southeast of the stope.The contaminated areas are generally distributed in the northwest-south direction.Far from the tailings pond or stope area,the degree of exceeding the standard has a downward trend.There are fewer dominant plant species in the mining area,and the ability to enrich and transport U and Cd elements is weak.The cockroach can be used as a potential plant to repair U and Cd pollution in the soil.It can be further cultivated by indoor cultivation,adding chelating agents and improvers to enhance the ability of plants to repair soil U and Cd.
In order to understand the pollution characteristics of typical heavy metals in soil around a uranium mining and the ability of local dominant plants to repair contaminated soil,the soil and plants in the downstream area of the mining were sampled and tested.The results show that the soil in the mining area shows a certain degree of U and Cd exceeding the standard.The most serious area is the downstream area within 200 mfrom the tailings pond and the southeast of the stope.The contaminated areas are generally distributed in the northwest-south direction.Far from the tailings pond or stope area,the degree of exceeding the standard has a downward trend.There are fewer dominant plant species in the mining area,and the ability to enrich and transport U and Cd elements is weak.The cockroach can be used as a potential plant to repair U and Cd pollution in the soil.It can be further cultivated by indoor cultivation,adding chelating agents and improvers to enhance the ability of plants to repair soil U and Cd.
引文
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[11]邓瑞.酸模叶蓼在Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn胁迫下的耐性和富集特征[D].成都:四川农业大学,2010.
[12] CUNNINGHAM S,BERTI W.Remediation of contaminated soils with green plants:an overview[J].In Vitro Cellular&Developmental Biology-Plant,1993,29(4):207-212.
[13]魏巧,李元,祖艳群.修复重金属污染土壤的超富集植物栽培措施研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2008,23(1):103-108.WEI Qiao,LI Yuan,ZU Yanqun.Research progress on cultivation measures of super-enriched plants for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2008,23(1):103-108.
[14] BAKER ALAN J M.REEVES R D,BROOKS R R.Abnormal accumulation of trace metals by plants[J].Mining Environmental Management,1995,9:4-8.
[15] PRARAS J,NELSON R.Uranium accumulator plants from the centre of Portugal their potential to phytoremediation[M]∥Uranium in the Environment.Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg,2006:477-482.
[16] ENTRY J A,VANCE N C,HAMILTON M A,et al.Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with low concentrations of radionuclides[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,1996,88:167-176.
[17]丁德馨,李广悦,胡南.铀尾砂中植物采铀方法研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(4):58-60.DING Dexin,LI Guangyue,HU Nan.Research on uranium extraction method in uranium tailings[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2010,30(4):58-60.
[18] CHANG Peichun,KIM Kyoungwoong,SATOSHI Yoshida.Uranium accumulation of crop plants enhanced by citric acid[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2005,27(5-6):529-538.
[19] DUSHENKOV S,VASUDEV D,KAPULNIK Y,et al.Removal of uranium from waterusing terrestrial plants[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1997,31(12):3468-3474.
[20]贾文甫,罗学刚,陈功亮,等.黄秋葵对铀胁迫的光合生理响应及吸收特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(10):41-47.JIA Wenfu,LUO Xuegang,CHEN Gongliang,et al.Photosynthetic physiological response and absorption characteristics of okra under irrigogenic stress[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2015,38(10):41-47.
[21]姚天月,王丹,李泽华,等.8种花卉植物对土壤中铀富集特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):24-30.YAO Tianyue,WANG Dan,LI Zehua,et al.Enrichment characteristics of eight ornamental plants to uranium in soil[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2016,39(2):24-30.
[22]陈敏,王丹,姚天月,等.五种十字花科植物对土壤高浓度铀胁迫响应及富集特性研究[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):58-63.CHEN Min,WANG Dan,YAO Tianyue,et al.Stress response and enrichment characteristics of ten cruciferae plants to uranium in soil[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(4):58-63.
[23]江文静,王丹,姚天月.铀及其伴生重金属镉的根茎类富集植物的筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):39-47.JIANG Wenjing,WANG Dan,YAO Tianyue.Screening of rhizomatic accumulators to uranium and cadmium[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(1):39-47.
[24]姜晓燕,闫冬,何映雪,等.北方某铀矿区野生草本植物的铀富集能力研究[J].癌变·畸变·突变,2016,28(6):464-467.JIANG Xiaoyan,YAN Dong,HE Yingxue,et al.Study of enrichment capacity of wild herbaceous plant for uranium[J].Cancer,Distortion and Mutation,2016,28(6):464-467.
[25]叶文玲,陈增,徐晓燕.铜陵铜尾矿库优势植物对重金属富集特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(5):11-14.YE Wenling,CHEN Zeng,XU Xiaoyan.Study on the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation of dominant plants in Tongling copper mine reservoir[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2015,38(5):11-14.
[26] VANDENHOVE H,VAN HEES M.Phytoextraction for cleanup of low level uranium contaminated soil evaluated[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2004,72(1-2):41-45.
[27]龙婵,王丹,陈立,等.4种植物激素对向日葵富集U和Cd的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3251-3257.LONG Chan,WANG Dan,CHEN Li,et al.Effects of 4plant hormones on enrichment of U and Cd in sunflower[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(5):3251-3257.
[28]李江遐,张军,黄伏森,等.铜矿区土壤重金属污染与耐性植物累积特征[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):719-724.LI Jiangxia,ZHANG Jun,HUANG Fusen,et al.Accumulation of heavy metal pollution and tolerant plants in soils of copper mining area[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(3):719-724.
[29] BAKER A J M.Accumulators and excluders strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1981,3:643-654.
[30]赵玉红,敬久旺,王向涛,等.藏中矿区先锋植物重金属积累特征及耐性研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(3):598-603.ZHAO Yuhong,JING Jiuwang,WANG Xiangtao,et al.Accumulation characteristics and tolerance of heavy metals in pioneer plants in the mining area of Tibet[J].Acta Agrectir Sinica,2016,24(3):598-603.
[2]郑太辉,王凌云,陈晓安.矿区重金属植被修复研究进展和趋势[J].环境工程,2015,33(6):148-152.ZHENG Taihui,WANG Lingyun,CHEN Xiaoan.Research progress and trend of heavy metal vegetation restoration in mining area[J].Environmental Engineering,2015,33(6):148-152.
[3]韩存亮,黄泽宏,肖荣波,等.粤北某矿区周边镉锌污染稻田土壤田间植物修复研究[J].生态环境学报,2018(1):158-165.HAN Cunliang,HUANG Zehong,XIAO Rongbo,et al.Field phytoremediation of cadmium-zinc-contaminated paddy soil around a mining area in northern Guangdong[J].Ecology and Environment,2018(1):158-165.
[4]付雄略,陈永华,刘文胜,等.湖南省衡阳市某铅锌尾矿区植物多样性及其重金属富集性研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(7):130-135.FU Xionglue,CHEN Yonghua,LIU Wensheng,et al.Plant diversity and heavy metal enrichment in a lead-zinc tailings area of Hengyang city,Hunan province[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,2017,37(7):130-135.
[5]张云霞,宋波,杨子杰,等.广西某铅锌矿影响区农田土壤重金属污染特征及修复策略[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(2):239-249.ZHANG Yunxia,SONG Bo,YANG Zijie,et al.Characteristics and remediation strategies of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils in a region affected by lead-zinc mines in Guangxi[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2018,37(2):239-249.
[6]李思亮,杨斌,陈燕,等.浙江省铅锌矿区土壤重金属污染及重金属超富集植物筛选[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(5):48-54.LI Siliang,YANG Bin,CHEN Yan,et al.Heavy metal pollution and screening of heavy metal super-enriched plants in lead-zinc mining area of Zhejiang province[J].Environmental Pollution Control,2016,38(5):48-54.
[7]韩存亮,黄泽宏,肖荣波,等.粤北某矿区周边镉锌污染稻田土壤田间植物修复研究[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(1):158-165.HAN Cunliang,HUANG Zehong,XIAO Rongbo,et al.Phytoremediation of cadmium-zinc-contaminated paddy soil in a mining area around a mining area in northern Guangdong[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Environment,2018,27(1):158-165.
[8] BROWN S L,CHANEY R L,ANGLE J S,et al.Zinc and cadmium uptake by hyperaccumulat or Thlaspi caerulescens and metal tolerant Silene vulgaris grown on sludge-amended soils[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1995,29:1581-1585.
[9] LOMBI E,ZHAO F J,DUNHAM S J,et al.Cadmium accumulation in populations of Thlaspi caerulescens and Th laspi goesingense[J].New Phytologist,2000,145(1):11-20.
[10] REEVES D R,SCHWARTZ C,MOREL J L,et al.Distribution and metal-accumulating behavior of Thlaspi caerulescens and associated metallophytes in France[J].International Journal of Phytoremediation,2001,3:145-172.
[11]邓瑞.酸模叶蓼在Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn胁迫下的耐性和富集特征[D].成都:四川农业大学,2010.
[12] CUNNINGHAM S,BERTI W.Remediation of contaminated soils with green plants:an overview[J].In Vitro Cellular&Developmental Biology-Plant,1993,29(4):207-212.
[13]魏巧,李元,祖艳群.修复重金属污染土壤的超富集植物栽培措施研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2008,23(1):103-108.WEI Qiao,LI Yuan,ZU Yanqun.Research progress on cultivation measures of super-enriched plants for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2008,23(1):103-108.
[14] BAKER ALAN J M.REEVES R D,BROOKS R R.Abnormal accumulation of trace metals by plants[J].Mining Environmental Management,1995,9:4-8.
[15] PRARAS J,NELSON R.Uranium accumulator plants from the centre of Portugal their potential to phytoremediation[M]∥Uranium in the Environment.Springer,Berlin,Heidelberg,2006:477-482.
[16] ENTRY J A,VANCE N C,HAMILTON M A,et al.Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with low concentrations of radionuclides[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,1996,88:167-176.
[17]丁德馨,李广悦,胡南.铀尾砂中植物采铀方法研究[J].矿冶工程,2010,30(4):58-60.DING Dexin,LI Guangyue,HU Nan.Research on uranium extraction method in uranium tailings[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2010,30(4):58-60.
[18] CHANG Peichun,KIM Kyoungwoong,SATOSHI Yoshida.Uranium accumulation of crop plants enhanced by citric acid[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2005,27(5-6):529-538.
[19] DUSHENKOV S,VASUDEV D,KAPULNIK Y,et al.Removal of uranium from waterusing terrestrial plants[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1997,31(12):3468-3474.
[20]贾文甫,罗学刚,陈功亮,等.黄秋葵对铀胁迫的光合生理响应及吸收特征[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(10):41-47.JIA Wenfu,LUO Xuegang,CHEN Gongliang,et al.Photosynthetic physiological response and absorption characteristics of okra under irrigogenic stress[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2015,38(10):41-47.
[21]姚天月,王丹,李泽华,等.8种花卉植物对土壤中铀富集特性研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(2):24-30.YAO Tianyue,WANG Dan,LI Zehua,et al.Enrichment characteristics of eight ornamental plants to uranium in soil[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2016,39(2):24-30.
[22]陈敏,王丹,姚天月,等.五种十字花科植物对土壤高浓度铀胁迫响应及富集特性研究[J].生态科学,2017,36(4):58-63.CHEN Min,WANG Dan,YAO Tianyue,et al.Stress response and enrichment characteristics of ten cruciferae plants to uranium in soil[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(4):58-63.
[23]江文静,王丹,姚天月.铀及其伴生重金属镉的根茎类富集植物的筛选[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):39-47.JIANG Wenjing,WANG Dan,YAO Tianyue.Screening of rhizomatic accumulators to uranium and cadmium[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(1):39-47.
[24]姜晓燕,闫冬,何映雪,等.北方某铀矿区野生草本植物的铀富集能力研究[J].癌变·畸变·突变,2016,28(6):464-467.JIANG Xiaoyan,YAN Dong,HE Yingxue,et al.Study of enrichment capacity of wild herbaceous plant for uranium[J].Cancer,Distortion and Mutation,2016,28(6):464-467.
[25]叶文玲,陈增,徐晓燕.铜陵铜尾矿库优势植物对重金属富集特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(5):11-14.YE Wenling,CHEN Zeng,XU Xiaoyan.Study on the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation of dominant plants in Tongling copper mine reservoir[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2015,38(5):11-14.
[26] VANDENHOVE H,VAN HEES M.Phytoextraction for cleanup of low level uranium contaminated soil evaluated[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2004,72(1-2):41-45.
[27]龙婵,王丹,陈立,等.4种植物激素对向日葵富集U和Cd的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(5):3251-3257.LONG Chan,WANG Dan,CHEN Li,et al.Effects of 4plant hormones on enrichment of U and Cd in sunflower[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(5):3251-3257.
[28]李江遐,张军,黄伏森,等.铜矿区土壤重金属污染与耐性植物累积特征[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):719-724.LI Jiangxia,ZHANG Jun,HUANG Fusen,et al.Accumulation of heavy metal pollution and tolerant plants in soils of copper mining area[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(3):719-724.
[29] BAKER A J M.Accumulators and excluders strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1981,3:643-654.
[30]赵玉红,敬久旺,王向涛,等.藏中矿区先锋植物重金属积累特征及耐性研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(3):598-603.ZHAO Yuhong,JING Jiuwang,WANG Xiangtao,et al.Accumulation characteristics and tolerance of heavy metals in pioneer plants in the mining area of Tibet[J].Acta Agrectir Sinica,2016,24(3):598-603.
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