考虑泥沙影响的污染物输运年龄数值模拟
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摘要
自然水体中污染物的迁移、转化规律与经泥沙吸附后的沉降、再悬浮等泥沙过程密切相关,其机制尚不明确。采用污染物输运年龄对泥沙影响进行了量化分析,并应用于南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋海域。基于水体中泥沙-污染物模型,推导了考虑泥沙影响的污染物输运年龄的计算方程,通过数值模拟分析了污染物分配系数K_D对污染物输运年龄空间分布的影响。研究成果表明:计入泥沙影响后,污染物浓度显著减小,污染物输运年龄随之增大,表明泥沙对污染物扩散起阻碍作用;污染物分配系数K_D表征泥沙吸附能力,污染物输运年龄与其呈一定的正相关性,当该系数达到一定值(K_D=10~3 L/g)时,泥沙吸附能力趋于饱和,污染物输运年龄不再发生显著改变。
The transport patterns of pollutants in natural bodies of water are closely correlated with deposition and resuspension processes of sediment,to which the pollutants attach,and yet the influences of sediment on the transport of pollutants have not been fully studied. We here used transport age to quantify the influences and applied these findings to the Xiyang Sea area of the radial sand ridges in the South Yellow Sea. The governing equations of transport age considering sediment's impacts were derived from sediment-pollutant interaction model. Numerical simulation resolving these equations was used to analyze the transport pattern discrepancy in the presence and absence of sediment and the influence of the partition coefficient of pollutants(KD). The results show a significant trend of decreased pollutant concentration and corresponding increases in transport age,which indicates that sediment plays a role in weakening the dilution and diffusion processes of pollutants. The partition coefficient of pollutants,which is representative of adsorption capability of sediment,has a positive effect on the transport age. This effect tends to decline to zero when a value of 10~3 L/g is achieved for the partition coefficient of pollutants,when the sediment adsorption capacity tends to be saturated.
The transport patterns of pollutants in natural bodies of water are closely correlated with deposition and resuspension processes of sediment,to which the pollutants attach,and yet the influences of sediment on the transport of pollutants have not been fully studied. We here used transport age to quantify the influences and applied these findings to the Xiyang Sea area of the radial sand ridges in the South Yellow Sea. The governing equations of transport age considering sediment's impacts were derived from sediment-pollutant interaction model. Numerical simulation resolving these equations was used to analyze the transport pattern discrepancy in the presence and absence of sediment and the influence of the partition coefficient of pollutants(KD). The results show a significant trend of decreased pollutant concentration and corresponding increases in transport age,which indicates that sediment plays a role in weakening the dilution and diffusion processes of pollutants. The partition coefficient of pollutants,which is representative of adsorption capability of sediment,has a positive effect on the transport age. This effect tends to decline to zero when a value of 10~3 L/g is achieved for the partition coefficient of pollutants,when the sediment adsorption capacity tends to be saturated.
引文
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[20] 韩其为,陈绪坚.恢复饱和系数的理论计算方法[J].泥沙研究,2008(6):8-16.(HAN Q W,CHEN X J.Theoretical method for calculating the saturation recovery coefficient[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2008(6):8-16.(in Chinese))
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[23] 宋志尧.平面潮流数值模拟中底床摩阻系数的修正[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2001,16(1):56- 61.(SONG Z Y.A correction of formula for bed resistance coefficient in numerical simulation of plane tidal current[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics:Ser A,2001,16(1):56-61.(in Chinese))
[24] 李瑞杰,郑俊,丰青,等.近岸海域泥沙侵蚀率与水流挟沙力[J].泥沙研究,2013(4):21-25.(LI R J,ZHENG J,FENG Q,et al.Sediment carrying capacity and erosion rate of nearshore sediment[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2013(4):21-25.(in Chinese))
[25] 龚政,张长宽,陶建峰,等.淤长型泥质潮滩双凸形剖面形成机制[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):212-219.(GONG Z,ZHANG C K,TAO J F,et al.Surface elevation variation of the Jiangsu mudflats:field observation[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):212-219.(in Chinese))
[2] 何用.水沙过程与河流生态环境作用初步研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.(HE Y.The interaction between flow and sediment process and riverine environment[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2005.(in Chinese))
[3] 黄岁樑.水环境污染物迁移转化研究与泥沙运动[J].水科学进展,1998,9(3):205-211.(HUANG S L.Pollutant transport-transformation in aquatic environment and sediment motion[J].Advances in Water Science,1998,9(3):205-211.(in Chinese))
[4] 唐洪武,袁赛瑜,肖洋.河流水沙运动对污染物迁移转化效应研究进展[J].水科学进展,2014,25(1):139-147.(TANG H W,YUAN S Y,XIAO Y.Effects of flow and sediment on the transport and transformation of pollutants in rivers:a review[J].Advances in Water Science,2014,25(1):139-147.(in Chinese))
[5] DELHEZ E J M,WOLK F.Diagnosis of the transport of adsorbed material in the Scheldt estuary:a proof of concept[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2013,128(2):17-26.
[6] 张琴,杨洁,陶建峰,等.河口海岸物质输运时间尺度研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(6):92- 98.(ZHANG Q,YANG J,TAO J F,et al.Advances in study of substances transport timescales in estuarine and coastal areas[J].Advance in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2017,37(6):92- 98.(in Chinese))
[7] 李杰,林晶,吴增茂.Falls Lake水库内溶解物输运模拟[J].水科学进展,2011,22(3):413- 420.(LI J,LIN J,WU Z M.Numerical study on dissolved matter transport in Falls Lake Reservoir[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(3):413- 420.(in Chinese))
[8] KARNAT M,BAPTISTA A M.Water age in the Columbia River estuary[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2016,183(A):249-259.
[9] LI C,YANG S,ZHAO J X,et al.The time scale of river sediment source-to-sink processes in East Asia[J].Chemical Geology,2016,446(24):138-146.
[10] 黄宗伟,邓斌,蒋昌波,等.环抱式港区水体交换能力数值研究:以闸坡渔港为例[J].海洋学研究,2018,36(1):66-74.(HUANG Z W,DENG B,JIANG C B,et al.Numerical simulation of water exchange capability for the encircled harbor:a case study of Zhapo fishing port[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2018,36(1):66-74.(in Chinese))
[11] BOLIN B,RODHE H.A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs[J].Tellus,1973,25(1):58- 62.
[12] ZIMMERMAN J T F.Mixing and flushing of tidal embayments in the western Dutch Wadden Sea:part I:distribution of salinity and calculation of mixing time scales[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1976,10(2):149-191.
[13] TAKEOKA H.Fundamental concepts of exchange and transport time scales in a coastal sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,1984,3(3):311-326.
[14] DELHEZ E J M.On the concept of exposure time[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,71(6):27-36.
[15] DELHEZ E J M,CAMPIN J M,HIRST A C,et al.Toward a general theory of the age in ocean modelling[J].Ocean Modelling,1999,1(1):17-27.
[16] DELEERSNIJDER E,CAMPIN J M,DELHEZ E J M.The concept of age in marine modelling:I:theory and preliminary model results[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2001,28(3):229-267.
[17] DELHEZ E J M,DELEERSNIJDER E.The concept of age in marine modelling:II:concentration distribution function in the English Channel and the North Sea[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2002,31(4):279-297.
[18] 郑康.水沙环境中重金属迁移转化数学模型初探[D].天津:天津大学,2008.(ZHENG K.Heavy metal transport model in flow-sediment environment[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2008.(in Chinese))
[19] 禹雪中,杨志峰,钟德钰,等.河流泥沙与污染物相互作用数学模型[J].水利学报,2006,37(1):10-15.(YU X Z,YANG Z F,ZHONG D Y,et al.Numerical model for interaction between sediment and pollutant in river[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(1):10-15.(in Chinese))
[20] 韩其为,陈绪坚.恢复饱和系数的理论计算方法[J].泥沙研究,2008(6):8-16.(HAN Q W,CHEN X J.Theoretical method for calculating the saturation recovery coefficient[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2008(6):8-16.(in Chinese))
[21] HERVOUET J M.Hydrodynamics of free surface flows:modelling with the finite element method[M].West Sussex:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,2007.
[22] 张东生,张君伦.黄海海底辐射沙洲区的M2潮波[J].河海大学学报,1996,24(5):35- 40.(ZHANG D S,ZHANG J L.M2 tidal wave in the yellow sea radiate shoal region[J].Journal of Hohai University,1996,24(5):35- 40.(in Chinese))
[23] 宋志尧.平面潮流数值模拟中底床摩阻系数的修正[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑,2001,16(1):56- 61.(SONG Z Y.A correction of formula for bed resistance coefficient in numerical simulation of plane tidal current[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics:Ser A,2001,16(1):56-61.(in Chinese))
[24] 李瑞杰,郑俊,丰青,等.近岸海域泥沙侵蚀率与水流挟沙力[J].泥沙研究,2013(4):21-25.(LI R J,ZHENG J,FENG Q,et al.Sediment carrying capacity and erosion rate of nearshore sediment[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2013(4):21-25.(in Chinese))
[25] 龚政,张长宽,陶建峰,等.淤长型泥质潮滩双凸形剖面形成机制[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):212-219.(GONG Z,ZHANG C K,TAO J F,et al.Surface elevation variation of the Jiangsu mudflats:field observation[J].Advances in Water Science,2013,24(2):212-219.(in Chinese))
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