贵阳市臭氧浓度变化及与气象因子的关联性
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摘要
运用2013—2016年贵阳市环境空气自动监测站臭氧(O_3)的监测数据以及气象观测资料,分析该地区近地面O_3浓度的时空变化特征及与气象因子的关联性。结果表明,近年来贵阳市近地面O_3小时浓度均值有逐年升高趋势,增速为1. 1～5. 0μg/(m~3·a)。O_3浓度昼间变化呈明显单峰形分布,08:00左右出现最低值,15:00—16:00达到最大峰值,浓度高值主要分布在12:00—18:00。日照时数每增加1 h,则近地面O_3日最大8 h平均浓度增加8μg/m~3左右,日照时数大于8 h,则近地面O_3日最大8 h平均浓度超过100μg/m~3; O_3小时浓度与温度呈正相关(r=0. 724,α=0. 01),与相对湿度呈负相关(r=-0. 531,α=0. 01)。当日照时数大于8 h、温度超过25℃、相对湿度小于60%时,贵阳市近地面O_3容易出现高浓度值。
In the article,both continuous automated monitoring observations of near-surface ozone( O_3) and meteorological data from 2013 to 2016 in Guiyang were employed to analyze the variation characteristics of near-surface O_3 concentration and its relationship with meteorological parameters. The results showed that in recent years,the average concentration of hourly O_3 in Guiyang City has been increasing year by year,with a growth rate of 1. 1-5. 0 μg/( m~3·a). The diurnal variation of O_3 concentration showed a unimodal distribution with the lowest value at around 8: 00 and the largest peak at 15: 00 to 16: 00 and the high value period at 12: 00 to 18: 00. The average concentration of maximum daily of 8-h O_3 increased by about 8 μg/m~3 each additional hour of sunshine duration. When the number of sunshine hours was more than 8 h,the average concentration of maximum daily of 8-h O_3 was over 100 μg/m~3. The hourly O_3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature( r = 0. 724,α = 0. 01) and showed a significantly negative correlation with relative humidity( r =-0. 531,α = 0. 01). If the conditions that the sunshine duration is more than 8 h,the temperature is higher than 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 60% are met,the O_3 concentration is apt to appear high value.
In the article,both continuous automated monitoring observations of near-surface ozone( O_3) and meteorological data from 2013 to 2016 in Guiyang were employed to analyze the variation characteristics of near-surface O_3 concentration and its relationship with meteorological parameters. The results showed that in recent years,the average concentration of hourly O_3 in Guiyang City has been increasing year by year,with a growth rate of 1. 1-5. 0 μg/( m~3·a). The diurnal variation of O_3 concentration showed a unimodal distribution with the lowest value at around 8: 00 and the largest peak at 15: 00 to 16: 00 and the high value period at 12: 00 to 18: 00. The average concentration of maximum daily of 8-h O_3 increased by about 8 μg/m~3 each additional hour of sunshine duration. When the number of sunshine hours was more than 8 h,the average concentration of maximum daily of 8-h O_3 was over 100 μg/m~3. The hourly O_3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature( r = 0. 724,α = 0. 01) and showed a significantly negative correlation with relative humidity( r =-0. 531,α = 0. 01). If the conditions that the sunshine duration is more than 8 h,the temperature is higher than 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 60% are met,the O_3 concentration is apt to appear high value.
引文
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[18]MONKS P S.A Review of the Observations and Origins of the Spring Ozone Maximum[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(21):3 545-3 561.
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[21]朱彬.东亚太平洋地区近地面臭氧的季节和年际变化特征及其与东亚季风的关系[J].大气科学学报,2012,35(5):513-523.ZHU Bin.Seasonal and Interannual Variation Features of Surface Ozone over East Asia-Pacific Region and Its Relation with East Asian Monsoon[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,2012,35(5):513-523.
[22]PENKETT S A,REEVES C E,BANDY B J,et al.Comparison of Calculated and Measured Peroxide Data Collected in Marine Air to Investigate Prominent Features of the Annual Cycle of Ozone in the Troposphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1998,103(D11):13 377-13 388.
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[24]唐文苑,赵春生,耿福海,等.上海地区臭氧周末效应研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2009,39(1):99-105.TANG Wenyuan,ZHAO Chunsheng,GENG Fuhai,et al.Study on Ozone Weekend Effect in Shanghai[J].Science China:Series D,2009,39(1):99-105.
[25]雷瑜,张小玲,唐宜西,等.北京城区PM2.5及主要污染气体周末效应和假日效应研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1 520-1 528.LEI Yu,ZHANG Xiaoling,TANG Yixi,et al.Holiday Effects on PM2.5and other Major Pollutants in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1 520-1 528.
[26]崔蕾,倪长健,王超,等.成都市O3浓度的时间变化特征及相关因子分析[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(6):41-46.CUI Lei,NI Changjian,WANG Chao,et al.Temporal Variation of Ozone Concentration and Impact Factors in Chengdu[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(6):41-46.
[27]徐家骝,朱毓秀.气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究[J].大气科学,1994,18(6):751-757.XU Jialiu,ZHU Yuxiu.Effects of the Meteorological Factors on the Ozone Pollution near the Ground[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1994,18(6):751-757.
[28]陈漾,张金谱,黄祖照.广州市近地面臭氧时空变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):99-109.CHEN Yang,ZHANG Jinpu,HUANG Zuzhao.SpatialTemporal Variation of Surface Ozone in Guangzhou and Its Relations with Meteorological Factors[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):99-109.
[29]于世杰,尹沙沙,张瑞芹,等.郑州市近地面臭氧污染特征及气象因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):140-149.YU Shijie,YIN Shasha,ZHANG Ruiqin,et al.Analysis on the Characteristics of Surface Ozone Pollution and Meteorological Factors in Zhengzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):140-149.
[30]刘晶淼,丁裕国,黄永德,等.太阳紫外辐射强度与气象要素的相关分析[J].高原气象,2003,22(1):45-50.LIU Jingmiao,DING Yuguo,HUANG Yongde,et al.Correlation Analyses Between Intensity of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Meteorological Elements[J].Plateau Meteorology,2003,22(1):45-50.
[2]杨昕,李兴生.近地面O3变化化学反应机理的数值研究[J].大气科学,1999,23(4):427-438.YANG Xin,LI Xingsheng.A Numerical Study of Photochemical Reaction Mechanism of Ozone Variation in Surface Layer[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1999,23(4):427-438.
[3]孔琴心,刘广仁,李桂忱.近地面臭氧浓度变化及其对人体健康的可能影响[J].气候与环境研究,1999,4(1):61-66.KONG Qinxin,LIU Guangren,LI Guichen.Surface Ozone Concentration Variation and Possible Influences on Human Health[J].Climatic and environmental research,1999,4(1):61-66.
[4]王春乙,白月明,郑昌玲,等.CO2和O3浓度倍增对作物影响的研究进展[J].气象学报,2004,62(5):875-881.WANG Chunyi,BAI Yueming,ZHENG Changling,et al.The Study on Effects of Double CO2and O3on Crops[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2004,62(5):875-881.
[5]CARPENTER L J,CLEMITSHAW K C,BURGESS RA,et al.Investigation and Evaluation of the Nox/O3Photochemical Steady State[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(19):3 353-3 365.
[6]VINGARZAN R.A Review of Surface Ozone Background Levels and Trends[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(21):3 431-3 442.
[7]ZHANG Q,YUAN B,SHAO M,et al.Variations of Ground-Level O3and Its Precursors in Beijing in Summer time Between 2005 and 2011[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2014,14(12):6 089-6 101.
[8]王自发,李丽娜,吴其重,等.区域输送对北京夏季臭氧浓度影响的数值模拟研究[J].自然杂志,2008,30(4):194-198.WANG Zifa,LI Lina,WU Qizhong,et al.Simulation of the Impacts of Regional Transport on Summer Ozone Levels Over Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2008,30(4):194-198.
[9]安俊琳,王跃思,李昕,等.北京大气中NO,NO2和O3浓度变化的相关性分析[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):706-711.AN Junlin,WANG Yuesi,LI Xin,et al.Analysis of the Relationship Between NO,NO2and O3Concentrations in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(4):706-711.
[10]王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京城区臭氧日变化特征及与前体物的相关性分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,(12):3 001-3 008.WANG Zhanshan,LI Yunting,CHEN Tian,et al.Analysis on Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Ozone and Correlations with Its Precursors in Urban Atmosphere of Beijing[J].China Environmental Science,2014,(12):3 001-3 008.
[11]潘本锋,程麟钧,王建国,等.京津冀地区臭氧污染特征与来源分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(5):17-23.PAN Benfeng,CHENG Linjun,WANG Jianguo,et al.Characteristics and Source Attribution of Ozone Pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(5):17-23.
[12]谈建国,陆国良,耿福海,等.上海夏季近地面臭氧浓度及其相关气象因子的分析和预报[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(5):515-520.TAN Jianguo,LU Guoliang,GENG Fuhai,et al.Analysis and Prediction of Surface O3Concentration and Related Meteorological Factors in Summertime in Urban Area of Shanghai[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2007,23(5):515-520.
[13]严茹莎,陈敏东,高庆先,等.北京夏季典型臭氧污染分布特征及影响因子[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(1):43-49.YAN Rusha,CHEN Mindong,GAO Qingxian,et al.Characteristics of Typical Ozone Pollution Distribution and Impact Factors in Beijing in Summer[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(1):43-49.
[14]王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(3):32-37.WANG Chuang,WANG Shuai,YANG Bibo,et al.Study of the Effect of Meteorological Conditions on the Ambient Air Ozone Concentrations in Shenyang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(3):32-37.
[15]齐冰,牛彧文,杜荣光,等.杭州市近地面大气臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):443-451.QI Bing,NIU Yuwen,DU Rongguang,et al.Characteristics of Surface Ozone Concentration in Urban Site of Hangzhou[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(2):443-451.
[16]程念亮,李云婷,张大伟,等.2014年北京市城区臭氧超标日浓度特征及与气象条件的关系[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2 041-2 051.CHENG Nianliang,LI Yunting,ZHANG Dawei,et al.Characteristics of Ozone over Standard and Its Relationships with Meteorological Conditions in Beijing City in 2014[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2 041-2 051.
[17]王宇骏,黄新雨,裴成磊,等.广州市近地面臭氧时空变化及其生成对前体物的敏感性初步分析[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(3):83-88.WANG Yujun,HUANG Xinyu,PEI Chenglei,et al.Spatial-Temporal Variations of Ground-level Ozone and Preliminary Analysis on the Sensitivity of Ozone Formation to Precursors in Guangzhou City[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2016,23(3):83-88.
[18]MONKS P S.A Review of the Observations and Origins of the Spring Ozone Maximum[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34(21):3 545-3 561.
[19]COOPER O R,MOODY J L.Meteorological Controls on Ozone at an Elevated Eastern United States Regional Background Monitoring Site[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2000,105(D5):6 855-6 869.
[20]ORDó?EZ C,BRUNNER D,STAEHELIN J,et al.Strong Influence of Lowermost Stratospheric Ozone on Lower Tropospheric Background Ozone Changes over Europe[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(7):L07805.
[21]朱彬.东亚太平洋地区近地面臭氧的季节和年际变化特征及其与东亚季风的关系[J].大气科学学报,2012,35(5):513-523.ZHU Bin.Seasonal and Interannual Variation Features of Surface Ozone over East Asia-Pacific Region and Its Relation with East Asian Monsoon[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,2012,35(5):513-523.
[22]PENKETT S A,REEVES C E,BANDY B J,et al.Comparison of Calculated and Measured Peroxide Data Collected in Marine Air to Investigate Prominent Features of the Annual Cycle of Ozone in the Troposphere[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1998,103(D11):13 377-13 388.
[23]FERNáNDEZ-FERNáNDEZ M I,GALLEGO M C,GARCíA J A,et al.A Study of Surface Ozone Variability over the Iberian Peninsula During the Last Fifty Years[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(11):1 946-1 959.
[24]唐文苑,赵春生,耿福海,等.上海地区臭氧周末效应研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2009,39(1):99-105.TANG Wenyuan,ZHAO Chunsheng,GENG Fuhai,et al.Study on Ozone Weekend Effect in Shanghai[J].Science China:Series D,2009,39(1):99-105.
[25]雷瑜,张小玲,唐宜西,等.北京城区PM2.5及主要污染气体周末效应和假日效应研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1 520-1 528.LEI Yu,ZHANG Xiaoling,TANG Yixi,et al.Holiday Effects on PM2.5and other Major Pollutants in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1 520-1 528.
[26]崔蕾,倪长健,王超,等.成都市O3浓度的时间变化特征及相关因子分析[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(6):41-46.CUI Lei,NI Changjian,WANG Chao,et al.Temporal Variation of Ozone Concentration and Impact Factors in Chengdu[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(6):41-46.
[27]徐家骝,朱毓秀.气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究[J].大气科学,1994,18(6):751-757.XU Jialiu,ZHU Yuxiu.Effects of the Meteorological Factors on the Ozone Pollution near the Ground[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1994,18(6):751-757.
[28]陈漾,张金谱,黄祖照.广州市近地面臭氧时空变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):99-109.CHEN Yang,ZHANG Jinpu,HUANG Zuzhao.SpatialTemporal Variation of Surface Ozone in Guangzhou and Its Relations with Meteorological Factors[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):99-109.
[29]于世杰,尹沙沙,张瑞芹,等.郑州市近地面臭氧污染特征及气象因素分析[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):140-149.YU Shijie,YIN Shasha,ZHANG Ruiqin,et al.Analysis on the Characteristics of Surface Ozone Pollution and Meteorological Factors in Zhengzhou[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):140-149.
[30]刘晶淼,丁裕国,黄永德,等.太阳紫外辐射强度与气象要素的相关分析[J].高原气象,2003,22(1):45-50.LIU Jingmiao,DING Yuguo,HUANG Yongde,et al.Correlation Analyses Between Intensity of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Meteorological Elements[J].Plateau Meteorology,2003,22(1):45-50.
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