夏大豆干物质积累参数及产量对膜下滴灌量的响应
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摘要
为缓解农业用水紧张,解决复播夏大豆与春播作物的用水矛盾,探究膜下滴灌量对北疆夏大豆干物质积累的影响,以期为当地夏大豆高产节水栽培技术提供理论依据。以大豆品种"黑河45号"为试验材料,分别于2016、2017年进行大田试验,设置4200 (W_0)、3780 (W_1)、3360 (W_2)、2940 (W_3)、2520 (W_4)、2100 (W_5) m~3·hm~(-2)6个覆膜滴灌水平和未覆膜处理4200 m~3·hm~(-2)(CK),研究膜下滴灌量对干物质积累与分配、干物质积累特性参数、产量及灌溉水利用效率的影响。结果表明:夏大豆单株干物质积累总量和各器官干物质积累量均随着滴灌量的增加呈现"先增后降"的变化趋势,表现为W_2>W_3>W_1>W_4>W_0>W_5≈CK;通过Logistic方程拟合,不同年份各处理的干物质积累特征参数均以W_2或W_3处理较优,且W_2和W_3处理之间无显著差异;适宜的滴灌量能显著增加各阶段干物质积累量和干物质积累平均速率,缩短干物质积累时间,加快生育进程;累积两年各处理产量的平均值以W_2处理最大,为3099.49 kg·hm~(-2),较CK、W_0、W_1、W_3、W_4、W_5处理分别提高了26.14%、14.27%、7.23%、7.20%、20.40%、34.17%;在大豆生长发育及产量相当的情况下,覆膜条件比未覆膜条件最大限度可节约额定灌溉量50%;综合考虑认为,覆膜条件下,灌水量在2940～3360 m~3·hm~(-2)为北疆夏大豆高产、节水的合理灌溉定额。
To alleviate the shortage of agricultural water and solve the water contradiction between summer soybeans and spring sowing crops,we examined the effect of different amounts of drip irrigation under film on dry matter accumulation of summer soybean variety Heihe 45. The results from this study would provide theoretical basis for high-yield and water-saving cultivation techniques of summer soybean. An experiment with six amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film: 4200( W_0),3780( W_1),3360( W_2),2940( W_3),2520( W_4),2100( W_5) m~3·hm~(-2),and one no mulch treatment 4200 m~3·hm~(-2)( CK) were conducted in 2016 and 2017. We measured dry matter accumulation and distribution,dry matter accumulation characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of summer soybean. The results showed that,with increasing irrigation volume,the variation of dry matter accumulation on various organs and per plant were all increased firstly and then decreased,which displayed a pattern of W_2>W_3>W_1>W_4>W_0>W_5≈CK. By fitting the Logistic equation,the dry matter accumulation characteristics of W_2 or W_3 treatment was better than other treatments in different years,with no significant difference between W_2 and W_3 treatments. Appropriate amount of drip irrigation could significantly increase dry matter accumulation and average dry matter accumulation rate,shorten the dry matter accumulation time,and accelerate the growth process. The average of the two years' yields was the highest in W_2 treatment,being 3099. 49 kg · hm~(-2),which was 26. 14%,14. 27%,7. 23%,7.20%,20.40% and 34.17% higher than that of CK,W_0,W_1,W_3,W_4 and W_5. In the case of equivalent growth and yield of soybean,the plastic mulching saved 50% of drip irrigation than no mulching treatment. Therefore,2940-3360 m~3·hm~(-2) would be the appropriate drip irrigation quota under mulch film for high yield and water saving of summer soybean.
To alleviate the shortage of agricultural water and solve the water contradiction between summer soybeans and spring sowing crops,we examined the effect of different amounts of drip irrigation under film on dry matter accumulation of summer soybean variety Heihe 45. The results from this study would provide theoretical basis for high-yield and water-saving cultivation techniques of summer soybean. An experiment with six amounts of drip irrigation under mulch film: 4200( W_0),3780( W_1),3360( W_2),2940( W_3),2520( W_4),2100( W_5) m~3·hm~(-2),and one no mulch treatment 4200 m~3·hm~(-2)( CK) were conducted in 2016 and 2017. We measured dry matter accumulation and distribution,dry matter accumulation characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of summer soybean. The results showed that,with increasing irrigation volume,the variation of dry matter accumulation on various organs and per plant were all increased firstly and then decreased,which displayed a pattern of W_2>W_3>W_1>W_4>W_0>W_5≈CK. By fitting the Logistic equation,the dry matter accumulation characteristics of W_2 or W_3 treatment was better than other treatments in different years,with no significant difference between W_2 and W_3 treatments. Appropriate amount of drip irrigation could significantly increase dry matter accumulation and average dry matter accumulation rate,shorten the dry matter accumulation time,and accelerate the growth process. The average of the two years' yields was the highest in W_2 treatment,being 3099. 49 kg · hm~(-2),which was 26. 14%,14. 27%,7. 23%,7.20%,20.40% and 34.17% higher than that of CK,W_0,W_1,W_3,W_4 and W_5. In the case of equivalent growth and yield of soybean,the plastic mulching saved 50% of drip irrigation than no mulching treatment. Therefore,2940-3360 m~3·hm~(-2) would be the appropriate drip irrigation quota under mulch film for high yield and water saving of summer soybean.
引文
丁一汇,任国玉,石广玉,等.2006.气候变化国家评估报告(Ⅰ):中国气候变化的历史和未来趋势.气候变化研究进展,2(1):3-8+50.
董孔军,刘天鹏,何继红,等.2018.黄土高原半干旱区不同覆膜方式对土壤水热环境及糜子耗水特性的影响.中国农业科学,51(12):2274-2287.
高志英,杨永辉,张兆沛,等.2018.磷肥用量对大豆遮复光后干物质与磷素积累特征的影响.西北农业学报,27(2):194-202.
姜丽霞,那济海,朱海霞,等.2008.基于Logistic方程的大豆产量预报方法.大豆科学,27(3):414-419.
李春艳,伊力哈木,章建新.2015.滴水量对春大豆花荚形成及产量的影响.中国农业大学学报,20(6):46-52.
李景林,张山清,普宗朝,等.2013.近50 a新疆气温精细化时空变化分析.干旱区地理,36(2):228-237.
李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等.2010.播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立.作物学报,36(12):2143-2153.
李亚杰,徐文修,张娜,等.2016.水氮耦合对滴灌复播大豆干物质积累氮素吸收及产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,34(5):79-84.
毛洪霞.2009.不同水分处理对滴灌大豆干物质积累及生理参数的影响.大豆科学,28(2):247-250.
钱春荣,王荣焕,赵久然,等.2017.不同熟期玉米干物质积累、分配与转运特征.生态学杂志,36(8):2177-2183.
沈杰,蔡艳,何玉亭,等.2017.基于归一化法的烤烟干物质积累建模与特征分析.作物学报,43(3):442-453.
沈融,章建新,苏广禄,等.2011.不同时期水分亏缺对高产大豆植株地上部分生长的影响.新疆农业大学学报,34(4):297-301.
苏京志,温敏,丁一汇,等.2016.全球变暖趋缓研究进展.大气科学,40(6):1143-1153.
唐江华,苏丽丽,罗家祥,等.2015.不同耕作方式对夏大豆干物质积累及转运特性的影响.核农学报,29(10):2026-2032.
唐江华,苏丽丽,李亚杰,等.2016.不同耕作方式对复播大豆光合特性、干物质生产及经济效益的影响.应用生态学报,27(1):182-190.
王利彬,祖伟,董守坤,等.2015.干旱程度及时期对复水后大豆生长和代谢补偿效应的影响.农业工程学报,31(11):150-156.
王玲玲,杜吉到,郑殿峰,等.2009.大豆源库流关系的研究进展.大豆科学,28(1):167-171.
王培武,李治远,礒田昭弘,等.1995.新疆大豆生产及生态的研究.Ⅰ.开花期缺水和遮光处理对大豆干物质生产及株型的影响.作物学报,21(4):396-403.
王新,马富裕,刁明,等.2013.加工番茄地上部干物质分配与产量预测模拟模型.农业工程学报,29(22):171-179.
王信理.1986.在作物干物质积累的动态模拟中如何合理运用Logistic方程.中国农业气象,7(1):14-19.
韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,等.2016.甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析.作物学报,42(2):265-277.
吴雨珊,龚万灼,杨文钰,等.2017.带状套作复光后不同大豆品种干物质积累模型与特征分析.中国生态农业学报,25(4):572-580.
肖强,闫连波,朱欣宇,等.2014.夏玉米植株干物质、氮磷钾养分积累速度和时间的动态分析.植物营养与肥料学报,20(3):606-612.
徐飞鹏,李云开,任树梅.2003.新疆棉花膜下滴灌技术的应用与发展的思考.农业工程学报,19(1):25-27.
徐娇媚,徐文修,李大平.2014.近51a伊犁河谷热量资源时空变化.干旱区研究,31(3):472-480.
张永强,张娜,李亚杰,等.2016.滴灌量对北疆复播大豆耗水特性及干物质积累、转运的影响.水土保持研究,23(2):111-116.
张永强,张娜,王娜,等.2015.种植密度对夏大豆光合特性及产量构成的影响.核农学报,29(7):1386-1391.
张作为,史海滨,李仙岳,等.2016.限量灌溉对河套灌区间作小麦干物质转移与灌浆特征的影响.生态学杂志,35(2):415-422.
赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,等.2013.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响.作物学报,39(2):300-308.
朱宝国,张春峰,贾会彬,等.2017.不同滴灌量对春大豆生长及土壤物理性状的影响.核农学报,31(11):2250-2257.
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Maniruzzaman M,Talukder MSU,Khan MH,et al.2015.Validation of the Aqua Crop model for irrigated rice production under varied water regimes in Bangladesh.Agricultural Water Management,159:331-340.
Ojeda JJ,Pembleton KG,Islam MR,et al.2016.Evaluation of the agricultural production systems simulator simulating Lucerne and annual ryegrass dry matter yield in the Argentine Pampas and south-eastern Australia.Agricultural Systems,143:61-75.
Wanjura DF,Dan RU,Mahan JR,et al.2002.Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation.Agricultural Water Management,55:217-237.
董孔军,刘天鹏,何继红,等.2018.黄土高原半干旱区不同覆膜方式对土壤水热环境及糜子耗水特性的影响.中国农业科学,51(12):2274-2287.
高志英,杨永辉,张兆沛,等.2018.磷肥用量对大豆遮复光后干物质与磷素积累特征的影响.西北农业学报,27(2):194-202.
姜丽霞,那济海,朱海霞,等.2008.基于Logistic方程的大豆产量预报方法.大豆科学,27(3):414-419.
李春艳,伊力哈木,章建新.2015.滴水量对春大豆花荚形成及产量的影响.中国农业大学学报,20(6):46-52.
李景林,张山清,普宗朝,等.2013.近50 a新疆气温精细化时空变化分析.干旱区地理,36(2):228-237.
李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等.2010.播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立.作物学报,36(12):2143-2153.
李亚杰,徐文修,张娜,等.2016.水氮耦合对滴灌复播大豆干物质积累氮素吸收及产量的影响.干旱地区农业研究,34(5):79-84.
毛洪霞.2009.不同水分处理对滴灌大豆干物质积累及生理参数的影响.大豆科学,28(2):247-250.
钱春荣,王荣焕,赵久然,等.2017.不同熟期玉米干物质积累、分配与转运特征.生态学杂志,36(8):2177-2183.
沈杰,蔡艳,何玉亭,等.2017.基于归一化法的烤烟干物质积累建模与特征分析.作物学报,43(3):442-453.
沈融,章建新,苏广禄,等.2011.不同时期水分亏缺对高产大豆植株地上部分生长的影响.新疆农业大学学报,34(4):297-301.
苏京志,温敏,丁一汇,等.2016.全球变暖趋缓研究进展.大气科学,40(6):1143-1153.
唐江华,苏丽丽,罗家祥,等.2015.不同耕作方式对夏大豆干物质积累及转运特性的影响.核农学报,29(10):2026-2032.
唐江华,苏丽丽,李亚杰,等.2016.不同耕作方式对复播大豆光合特性、干物质生产及经济效益的影响.应用生态学报,27(1):182-190.
王利彬,祖伟,董守坤,等.2015.干旱程度及时期对复水后大豆生长和代谢补偿效应的影响.农业工程学报,31(11):150-156.
王玲玲,杜吉到,郑殿峰,等.2009.大豆源库流关系的研究进展.大豆科学,28(1):167-171.
王培武,李治远,礒田昭弘,等.1995.新疆大豆生产及生态的研究.Ⅰ.开花期缺水和遮光处理对大豆干物质生产及株型的影响.作物学报,21(4):396-403.
王新,马富裕,刁明,等.2013.加工番茄地上部干物质分配与产量预测模拟模型.农业工程学报,29(22):171-179.
王信理.1986.在作物干物质积累的动态模拟中如何合理运用Logistic方程.中国农业气象,7(1):14-19.
韦还和,孟天瑶,李超,等.2016.甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析.作物学报,42(2):265-277.
吴雨珊,龚万灼,杨文钰,等.2017.带状套作复光后不同大豆品种干物质积累模型与特征分析.中国生态农业学报,25(4):572-580.
肖强,闫连波,朱欣宇,等.2014.夏玉米植株干物质、氮磷钾养分积累速度和时间的动态分析.植物营养与肥料学报,20(3):606-612.
徐飞鹏,李云开,任树梅.2003.新疆棉花膜下滴灌技术的应用与发展的思考.农业工程学报,19(1):25-27.
徐娇媚,徐文修,李大平.2014.近51a伊犁河谷热量资源时空变化.干旱区研究,31(3):472-480.
张永强,张娜,李亚杰,等.2016.滴灌量对北疆复播大豆耗水特性及干物质积累、转运的影响.水土保持研究,23(2):111-116.
张永强,张娜,王娜,等.2015.种植密度对夏大豆光合特性及产量构成的影响.核农学报,29(7):1386-1391.
张作为,史海滨,李仙岳,等.2016.限量灌溉对河套灌区间作小麦干物质转移与灌浆特征的影响.生态学杂志,35(2):415-422.
赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,等.2013.基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响.作物学报,39(2):300-308.
朱宝国,张春峰,贾会彬,等.2017.不同滴灌量对春大豆生长及土壤物理性状的影响.核农学报,31(11):2250-2257.
IPCC.2013.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Maniruzzaman M,Talukder MSU,Khan MH,et al.2015.Validation of the Aqua Crop model for irrigated rice production under varied water regimes in Bangladesh.Agricultural Water Management,159:331-340.
Ojeda JJ,Pembleton KG,Islam MR,et al.2016.Evaluation of the agricultural production systems simulator simulating Lucerne and annual ryegrass dry matter yield in the Argentine Pampas and south-eastern Australia.Agricultural Systems,143:61-75.
Wanjura DF,Dan RU,Mahan JR,et al.2002.Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation.Agricultural Water Management,55:217-237.
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