珠江口盆地东北陆架边缘斜坡带晚中新世—第四纪层序模式与单向迁移水道
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摘要
综合二维和三维地震、测井和古生物等资料,在珠江口盆地东北陆架边缘斜坡带晚中新世以来发育的地层中识别出2个二级层序(CS1和CS2)、8个三级层序(S1—S8)以及3种主要的沉积体系:陆架边缘斜坡单向迁移水道、陆架边缘斜坡前积体和陆架边缘三角洲。从外陆架至下斜坡,陆架边缘斜坡单向迁移水道主要由4种水道类型构成:①局部受限的外陆架单向迁移复合水道;②宽浅且非受限或局部受限的外陆架-陆架坡折带侵蚀型水道复合体;③深切且受限的斜坡垂-侧向加积型单向迁移水道;④U形且非受限或局部受限的下斜坡垂向加积型复合水道体系。根据层序界面、层序内部结构以及沉积体系构成等特征的变化,总结出2种不同的体系域构成模式:①粤海组-万山组由广泛发育的陆架边缘单向迁移水道组成的不同于Exxon经典层序地层的类型;②第四系由高角度陆架边缘前积体充填和斜坡水道组成的层序类型。研究区晚中新世以来的陆架边缘斜坡层序和沉积演化,受到海平面变化、构造运动、沉降速率和沉积物供应等多种控制因素的共同影响。
Based on the integrated analysis of 3 D and 2 D seismic,well-logging and paleontological data,two second-order sequences(CS1 and CS2),eight third-order sequences(S1-S8),as well as three main depositional systems(unidirectio-nally-migrating channels in continental slope,shelf margin clinoforms,and shelf-edge deltas) have been recognized in the northeastern shelf edge of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.From outer shelf to lower slope,four types of continental slope channels can be identified:(1) the partly confined outer-shelf unidirectionally migrating composite channels;(2) the broad and shallow outer-shelf to shelf-break erosional composite channels that are unconfined or partly confined;(3) the confined and deeply incised unidirectionally migrating slope channels with vertical and lateral accretion;(4) the U-shaped and unconfined or partly confined vertical accretional composite channels in lower slope.In addition,in view of characteristic variations of sequence boundary,sequence architecture,and depositional system,two types of compositional models of the system tracts have been concluded:(1) the one mainly composed of widespread shelf-margin unidirectio-nally-migrating channels in the Yuehai and Wanshan Formations,which are quite different from the EXXON sequence model;(2) the one that consists dominantly of the Quaternary high-angle shelf margin clinoforms and slope channels.The sequence architecture and depositional evolution in the continental slope in the study area are controlled by a combination of different factors,such as sea level change,tectonism,subsidence rate,and sediment supply.
Based on the integrated analysis of 3 D and 2 D seismic,well-logging and paleontological data,two second-order sequences(CS1 and CS2),eight third-order sequences(S1-S8),as well as three main depositional systems(unidirectio-nally-migrating channels in continental slope,shelf margin clinoforms,and shelf-edge deltas) have been recognized in the northeastern shelf edge of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.From outer shelf to lower slope,four types of continental slope channels can be identified:(1) the partly confined outer-shelf unidirectionally migrating composite channels;(2) the broad and shallow outer-shelf to shelf-break erosional composite channels that are unconfined or partly confined;(3) the confined and deeply incised unidirectionally migrating slope channels with vertical and lateral accretion;(4) the U-shaped and unconfined or partly confined vertical accretional composite channels in lower slope.In addition,in view of characteristic variations of sequence boundary,sequence architecture,and depositional system,two types of compositional models of the system tracts have been concluded:(1) the one mainly composed of widespread shelf-margin unidirectio-nally-migrating channels in the Yuehai and Wanshan Formations,which are quite different from the EXXON sequence model;(2) the one that consists dominantly of the Quaternary high-angle shelf margin clinoforms and slope channels.The sequence architecture and depositional evolution in the continental slope in the study area are controlled by a combination of different factors,such as sea level change,tectonism,subsidence rate,and sediment supply.
引文
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[2] 许仕策.预测勘探目标中的层序地层学理论与实践——以珠江口盆地为例[J].中国海上油气(地质),1999,13(3):152-158.Xu Shice.Sequence stratigraphic theory and practice in exploration prospect prediction:Examples from the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),1999,13(3):152-158.
[3] 林畅松,张燕梅,刘景彦,等.高精度层序地层学和储层预测[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学,北京),2000,7(3):111-117.Lin Changsong,Zhang Yanmei,Liu Jingyan,et al.High resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir prediction[J].Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geosciences,Beijing),2000,7(3):111-117.
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[6] 肖传桃,刘莉,陈志勇.层序地层学的研究状况及有关理论问题探讨[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2006,28(6):1-7.Xiao Chuantao,Liu Li,Chen Zhiyong.Discussion on sequence stratigraphy research and theoretical issues related[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(6):1-7.
[7] Catuneanu O,Abreu U,Bhattacharya Y P,et al.Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy[J].Earth Science Reviews,2009,92:1-33.
[8] 姜在兴.沉积体系及层序地层学研究现状及发展趋势[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(5):535-541.Jiang Zaixing.Studies of depositional systems and sequence stratigraphy——the present and the future[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(5):535-541.
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[11] 沙志彬,梁金强,苏丕波,等.珠江口盆地东部海域天然气水合物钻探结果及其成藏要素研究[J].地学前缘,2015,22(6):125-135.Sha Zhibin,Liang Jinqiang,Su Pibo,et al.Natural gas hydrate accumulation elements and drilling results analysis in the eastern part of the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geosciences,Beijing),2015,22(6):125-135.
[12] 苏明,沙志彬,乔少华,等.南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物钻探区第四纪以来的沉积演化特征[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(8):2975-2986.Su Ming,Sha Zhibin,Qiao Shaohua,et al.Sedimentary evolution since Quaternary in the Shenhu hydrate drilling area,northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(8):2975-2986.
[13] 吴时国,王吉亮.南海神狐海域天然气水合物试采成功后的思考[J].科学通报,2018,63(1):2-8.Wu Shiguo,Wang Jiliang.On the China’s successful gas production test from marine gas hydrate reservoirs[J].Science China Press,2018,63(1):2-8.
[14] 龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[J].北京:科学出版社,2004.Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun.Active heat fluid,oil and gas pool-forming dynamics in north marginal basins of South China Sea[J].Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[15] Pang X,Yang S K,Zhu M,et al.Deep-water fan systems and petroleum resources on the northern slope of the South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78:626-631.
[16] 施和生,秦成岗,高鹏,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡天然气晚期成藏特征[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(2):73-76.Shi Hesheng,Qin Chenggang,Gao Peng,et al.Late gas accumulation characteristics in Panyu low-uplift and the north slope of Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(2):73-76.
[17] Wang P X,Li Q Y.The South China Sea:Paleoceanography and Sedimentology[M].Springer,2009.
[18] 陈维涛,杜家元,龙更生,等.珠江口盆地海相层序地层发育的控制因素分析[J].沉积学报,2012,30(1):73-83.Chen Weitao,Du Jiayuan,Long Gengsheng,et al.Analysis on controlling factors of marine sequence stratigraphy evolution in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(1):73-83.
[19] 高鹏,秦成岗.番禺低隆起三级层序的界面识别标志及沉积特征[J].科技导报,2012,30(25):37-45.Gao Peng,Qin Chenggang.Sequence boundary identification and the depositional characteristics in the third-order sequence stratigraphic framework of Panyu Low Uplift[J].Science and Technology Review.2012,30(25):37-45.
[20] Vail P R,Audemard F,Bowman S A,et al.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics,eustasy and sedimentology-an overview[C].In:Einsele G,Ricken W,Seilacher A.Cycles and events in stratigraphy.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1991:617-659.
[21] 林畅松,王清华,肖建新,等.库车坳陷白垩纪沉积层序构成及充填响应模式[J].中国科学D辑——地球科学,2004,34:74-82.Lin Changsong,Wang Qinghua,Xiao Jianxin,et al.Sequence architecture and depositional response of the Cretaceous Kuche Depression[J].Science in China Ser.D(Earth Sciences),2004,34:74-82.
[22] 王华.层序地层学基本原理、方法与应用[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2008.Wang Hua.Basic principles,methods and applications of sequence stratigraphy[M].Wuhan:China Geological University Press,2008.
[23] Jiang J,Shi H S,Lin C S,et al.Sequence architecture and depositional evolution of the Late Miocene to Quaternary northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2017,81:79-97.
[24] Van Wagoner J C,Bertram C T.Sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin deposits[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 64,1995:487.
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[26] Zhou W,Wang Y M,Gao X Z,et al.Architecture,evolution history and controlling factors of the Baiyun submarine canyon system from the middle Miocene to Quaternary in the Pearl River Mouth Basin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,67:389-407.
[27] Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy,Part 1[C].In:Bally A W,ed.Atlas of seismic stratigraphy.American Association of Petroleum Geology Studies in Geologists,1987,27:1-10.
[28] 林畅松.沉积盆地的层序和沉积充填结构及过程响应[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):849-862.Lin Changsong.Sequence and depositional architecture of sedimentary basin and process responses[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):849-862.
[29] 张训华,李延成,綦振华.南海海盆形成演化模式初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1997,17(2):1-7.Zhang Xunhua,Li Yancheng,Qi Zhenhua,et al.An approach to the formation and evolution model of South China Sea Basin[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,17(2):1-7.
[30] 吴时国,刘展,王万银,等.东沙群岛海区晚新生代构造特征及其对弧-陆碰撞的响应[J].海洋与湖诏,2004,35(6):481-490.Wu Shiguo,Liu Zhan,Wang Wanyin,et al.Late Cenozoic Neotectonics in the Dongsha Islands region and its Responds to collision between Chinese Continental Margin and Luzon[J].Oceanologia ET Limnologia Sinica,2004,35(6):481-490.
[31] 林畅松,初凤友,高金耀,等.论南海新生代的构造运动[J].海洋学报,2007,29(4):87-96.Lin Changsong,Chu Fengyou,Gao Jinyao,et al.On tectonic movement in the South China Sea during the Cenozoic[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(4):87-96.
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