川南威荣页岩气田五峰组—龙马溪组页岩沉积相特征及其意义
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摘要
以川南威荣页岩气田五峰组—龙马溪组典型取心井为例,基于岩心观察,有机碳测试、生物鉴定、现场含气量解析和测录井等资料开展了富有机质页岩微相划分。五峰组—龙马溪组一段沉积相主要为深水陆棚亚相,根据矿物组成不同可划分为6种微相:黏土质硅质、富硅生物、硅质黏土质、钙质黏土质、含钙富黏土和富黏土深水陆棚微相。纵向上,前4种页岩相带具有高有机质丰度(≥3%)、高孔隙度(≥5%)和高含气量特征(≥2 m~3/t),其中高有机质丰度为页岩气生成提供物质基础,同时生烃过程中产生大量的有机孔为页岩气赋存提供空间,尤其是富硅生物页岩脆性矿物含量高,具有高孔、高渗特征,工程上易于压裂,是页岩气富集最有利相带和页岩气勘探开发的甜点层段;横向上,这4种有利相带在威荣页岩气田的西区较厚,其勘探潜力优于东区。
The sedimentary microfacies of organic-rich shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Weirong Shale Gas Field of the southern Sichuan Basin were studied based on core observation, organic carbon content, biological identification, in situ gas content and well logging data. The shale from the Wufeng Formation to the first member of Longmaxi Formation mainly developed in a deep-water shelf environment. They were divided into six microfacies mostly depending on mineral composition, including clayey siliceous, siliceous-rich biological, siliceous clay, calcareous clay, calcium-rich clay and clay-rich deep-water shelf micro-focies. Vertically, the first four facies are characterized by high TOC content(≥3%), high porosity(≥5%) and high gas content(≥2 m~3/t). The high abundance of organic matter provided a material basis for shale gas generation, and a large number of organic pores generated during hydrocarbon generation provided space for shale gas occurrence. Moreover, siliceous-rich biological shale is the most favorable facies zone and dessert zone for shale gas exploration and development, due to its high content of brittle minerals, high porosity and permeability, and easy fracturing. From the view of horizontal distribution, the west block of Weirong Shale Gas Field has a greater gas exploration potential than the east block because of greater thickness of the four favorable facies.
The sedimentary microfacies of organic-rich shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Weirong Shale Gas Field of the southern Sichuan Basin were studied based on core observation, organic carbon content, biological identification, in situ gas content and well logging data. The shale from the Wufeng Formation to the first member of Longmaxi Formation mainly developed in a deep-water shelf environment. They were divided into six microfacies mostly depending on mineral composition, including clayey siliceous, siliceous-rich biological, siliceous clay, calcareous clay, calcium-rich clay and clay-rich deep-water shelf micro-focies. Vertically, the first four facies are characterized by high TOC content(≥3%), high porosity(≥5%) and high gas content(≥2 m~3/t). The high abundance of organic matter provided a material basis for shale gas generation, and a large number of organic pores generated during hydrocarbon generation provided space for shale gas occurrence. Moreover, siliceous-rich biological shale is the most favorable facies zone and dessert zone for shale gas exploration and development, due to its high content of brittle minerals, high porosity and permeability, and easy fracturing. From the view of horizontal distribution, the west block of Weirong Shale Gas Field has a greater gas exploration potential than the east block because of greater thickness of the four favorable facies.
引文
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[9] 黄金亮,邹才能,李建忠,等.川南下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气形成条件及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):69-75.HUANG Jinliang,ZOU Caineng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Shale gas generation and potential of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):69-75.
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[13] 刘忠宝,高波,张钰莹,等.上扬子地区下寒武统页岩沉积相类型及分布特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):21-31.LIU Zhongbao,GAO Bo,ZHANG Yuying,et al.Types and distribution of the shale sedimentary facies of the Lower Cambrian in Upper Yangtze area,South China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):21-31.
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[15] 王同,张克银,熊亮,等.四川自贡地区五峰组—龙马溪组下段古地貌刻画及其油气意义[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(6):764-770.WANG Tong,ZHANG Keyin,XIONG Liang,et al.Paleogeomorphology restoration of Wufeng Formation-Lower Member of Longmaxi Formation in Zigong area of Sichuan Province and its oil and gas significance[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(6):764-770.
[16] 罗兰,王兴志,李勇,等.川西北地区中二叠统沉积相特征及其对储层的影响[J].特种油气藏,2017,24(4):60-66.LUO Lan,WANG Xingzhi,LI Yong,et al.Sedimentary facies in Middle Permian series in northwest Sichuan and its effect on reservoirs[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2017,24(4):60-66.
[17] 牟传龙,王秀平,王启宇,等.川南及邻区下志留统龙马溪组下段沉积相与页岩气地质条件的关系[J].古地理学报,2016,18(3):457-472.MOU Chuanlong,WANG Xiuping,WANG Qiyu,et al.Relationship between sedimentary facies and shale gas geological conditions of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas[J].Journal of Palaeogeo-graphy,2016,18(3):457-472.
[18] 郑和荣,高波,彭勇民,等.中上扬子地区下志留统沉积演化与页岩气勘探方向[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):645-656.ZHENG Herong,GAO Bo,PENG Yongmin,et al.Sedimentary evolution and shale gas exploration direction of the Lower Silurian in Middle-Upper Yangtze area[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):645-656.
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[20] 易积正,王超.四川盆地焦石坝地区龙马溪组海相页岩储层非均质性特征[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(1):13-19.YI Jizheng,WANG Chao.Differential pore development characteristics in various shale lithofacies of Longmaxi Formation in Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2018,40(1):13-19.
[21] 马乔.川东地区页岩岩相及其控气性特征研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.MA Qiao.Study on shale facies and gas control characteristics in eastern Sichuan[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[22] 王超,张柏桥,舒志国,等.四川盆地涪陵地区五峰组—龙马溪组海相页岩岩相类型及储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(3):485-497.WANG Chao,ZHANG Boqiao,SHU Zhiguo,et al.Lithofacies types and reservoir characteristics of marine shales of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in Fuling area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2018,39(3):485-497.
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