基于局部频率约束的动态匹配追踪强反射识别与分离方法
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摘要
当目标储层上、下存在高阻层时,在地震剖面上形成的强反射会屏蔽目标储层有效反射信息。为此,提出了基于局部频率约束的动态匹配追踪强反射识别与分离方法。考虑到瞬时频率计算结果存在"负频率"现象,故引进局部频率计算模式用于约束动态匹配追踪算法最优原子的搜索范围,该算法计算结果合理,可以确定最佳匹配强反射的地震子波。利用强反射位置处的局部频率和瞬时相位作为先验信息,构建动态反射特征波形库,以此搜索最佳匹配强反射子波;通过单道测试确定强反射压制系数,以保证剥离强反射后的均衡能量与背景能量一致,有助于拾取目标储层的反射信息,最终实现储层的精细描述。通过构建含高阻层的模型数据验证了基于局部频率约束的动态匹配追踪强反射识别和分离方法的可行性,并将该方法应用于实际地震数据,削弱了强反射干扰影响,突显了弱反射信息。
When there are high impedence layer above and below a reservoir,strong reflections will shield reservoir reflection information on seismic sections.Therefore,we propose in this paper a dynamic matching pursuit method based on local frequency constraints to identify and separate strong reflections.Considering the"negative frequency"phenomenon of instantaneous frequency,we introduce local frequency to constrain the search range of the optimal atom of the dynamic matching pursuit algorithm.The local frequency is reasonable for the signal calculation,which can be used to identify the seismic wavelet that matches best the strong reflection.Using the local frequency and instantaneous phase information at the strong reflection position as a priori information,a dynamic waveform library is constructed to search for the wavelet that matches best the strong reflection.The strong reflection suppression coefficient is determined by signal tests to ensure that the equilibrium energy is consistent with the background energy after stripping strong reflection.This is helpful for picking up the reflection information of reservoirs and achieving reservoir characterization.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by constructing model data with high impedence layer.Finally,the proposed method is applied to field data,which weakens strong reflection interference and highlights weak reflection.
When there are high impedence layer above and below a reservoir,strong reflections will shield reservoir reflection information on seismic sections.Therefore,we propose in this paper a dynamic matching pursuit method based on local frequency constraints to identify and separate strong reflections.Considering the"negative frequency"phenomenon of instantaneous frequency,we introduce local frequency to constrain the search range of the optimal atom of the dynamic matching pursuit algorithm.The local frequency is reasonable for the signal calculation,which can be used to identify the seismic wavelet that matches best the strong reflection.Using the local frequency and instantaneous phase information at the strong reflection position as a priori information,a dynamic waveform library is constructed to search for the wavelet that matches best the strong reflection.The strong reflection suppression coefficient is determined by signal tests to ensure that the equilibrium energy is consistent with the background energy after stripping strong reflection.This is helpful for picking up the reflection information of reservoirs and achieving reservoir characterization.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by constructing model data with high impedence layer.Finally,the proposed method is applied to field data,which weakens strong reflection interference and highlights weak reflection.
引文
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[11] 张繁昌,李传辉,印兴耀.三角洲砂岩尖灭线的地震匹配追踪瞬时谱识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):82-88.ZHANG Fanchang,LI Chuanhui,YIN Xingyao.Delta fringe line recognition based on seismic matching pursuit instantaneous spectral characteristics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):82-88.
[12] 李海山,杨午阳,田军,等.匹配追踪煤层强反射分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):866-870.LI Hhaishan,YANG Wuyang,TIAN Jun,et al.Coal seam strong reflection separation with matching pursuit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):866-870.
[13] 李坤,印兴耀,宗兆云.基于匹配追踪谱分解的时频域 FAVO 流体识别方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):777-786.LI Kun,YIN Xingyao,ZONG Zhaoyun.Time-frequency-domain FAVO fluid discrimination method based on matching pursuit spectrum decomposition[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):777-786.
[14] 张繁昌,刘汉卿,张立强,等.复数道动态匹配追踪算法的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):183-189.ZHANG Fanchang,LIU Hanqing,ZHANG Liqiang,et al.Improved complex-trace dynamic matching pursuit algorithm[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):183-189.
[15] 邓志文,赵贤正,陈雨红,等.自适应波形多道匹配追踪断层识别技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):532-537.DENG Zhiwen,ZHAO Xianzheng,CHEN Yuhong,et al.Fault identification based on multichannel adaptive waveforms matching pursuit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):532-537.
[16] 李传辉.地震信号快速匹配追踪分解及瞬时谱分析[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.LI Chuanhui.Fast Matching Pursuit Decomposition and Instantaneous Spectral Analysis of Seismic Signals[D].China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong,2012.
[17] Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041-1063.
[18] Barnes A E.The calculation of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1520-1524.
[19] Fomel S.Local seismic attributes[J].Geophysics,2007,72(3):A29-A33.
[20] Fomel S.Shaping regulation in geophysical-estimation problems[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):R29-R36.
[21] Candes E J.Ridgelets and the representation of mutilated Sobolev functions[J].SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis,2001,33(2):347-368.
[2] Widess M B.How thin is a thin bed?[J].Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176-1180.
[3] 张在金,张军华,李军,等.煤系地层地震强反射剥离方法研究及低频伴影分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):376-383.ZHANG Zaijin,ZHANG Junhua,LI Jun,et al.A method for stripping coal seam strong reflection and low-frequency shadow analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):376-383.
[4] 赵卫军,支东明,党玉芳,等.准噶尔盆地陆西地区侏罗系西山窑组顶界不整合结构特征及其与油气关系[J].新疆地质,2007,25(1):92-95.ZHAO Weijun,ZHI Dongming,DANG Yufang,et al.Trait of unconformity structure and its relation with oil and gas at Xishanyaozu in Jurassic at Luxi Area in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2007,25(1):92-95.
[5] 张志敏.青南洼陷古近系地震沉积学研究[D].山东东营:中国石油大学(华东),2009.ZHANG Zhimin.The Study of Seismic Sedimentology of Paleogene in Qing-Nan Sag[D].China University of Petroleum(East China),Dongying,Shandong,2009.
[6] Mallat S G,Zhang Z.Matching-pursuit with time frequency dictionaries[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1993,41(12):3397-3415.
[7] Liu J,Wu Y,Han D,et al.Time-frequency decomposition based on Ricker wavelet[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1937-1940.
[8] Liu J,Marfurt K J.Matching pursuit decomposition using Morlet wavelets[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:786-789.
[9] 宋维琪,朱卫星,孙英杰.复数子波匹配追踪算法识别薄层砂体[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6):1796-1801.SONG Weiqi,ZHU Weixing,SUN Yingjie.Identify bed layer sandbody by complex wavelet matching algorithm[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(6):1796-1801.
[10] 杨昊,郑晓东,李劲松,等.基于匹配追踪的薄层自动解释方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(3):429-435.YANG Hao,ZHENG Xiaodong,LI Jinsong,et al.Thin-bed automatic interpretation based on matching pursuit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(3):429-435.
[11] 张繁昌,李传辉,印兴耀.三角洲砂岩尖灭线的地震匹配追踪瞬时谱识别方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):82-88.ZHANG Fanchang,LI Chuanhui,YIN Xingyao.Delta fringe line recognition based on seismic matching pursuit instantaneous spectral characteristics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):82-88.
[12] 李海山,杨午阳,田军,等.匹配追踪煤层强反射分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(5):866-870.LI Hhaishan,YANG Wuyang,TIAN Jun,et al.Coal seam strong reflection separation with matching pursuit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(5):866-870.
[13] 李坤,印兴耀,宗兆云.基于匹配追踪谱分解的时频域 FAVO 流体识别方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):777-786.LI Kun,YIN Xingyao,ZONG Zhaoyun.Time-frequency-domain FAVO fluid discrimination method based on matching pursuit spectrum decomposition[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):777-786.
[14] 张繁昌,刘汉卿,张立强,等.复数道动态匹配追踪算法的改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(1):183-189.ZHANG Fanchang,LIU Hanqing,ZHANG Liqiang,et al.Improved complex-trace dynamic matching pursuit algorithm[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(1):183-189.
[15] 邓志文,赵贤正,陈雨红,等.自适应波形多道匹配追踪断层识别技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):532-537.DENG Zhiwen,ZHAO Xianzheng,CHEN Yuhong,et al.Fault identification based on multichannel adaptive waveforms matching pursuit[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):532-537.
[16] 李传辉.地震信号快速匹配追踪分解及瞬时谱分析[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.LI Chuanhui.Fast Matching Pursuit Decomposition and Instantaneous Spectral Analysis of Seismic Signals[D].China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong,2012.
[17] Taner M T,Koehler F,Sheriff R E.Complex seismic trace analysis[J].Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041-1063.
[18] Barnes A E.The calculation of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth[J].Geophysics,1992,57(11):1520-1524.
[19] Fomel S.Local seismic attributes[J].Geophysics,2007,72(3):A29-A33.
[20] Fomel S.Shaping regulation in geophysical-estimation problems[J].Geophysics,2007,72(2):R29-R36.
[21] Candes E J.Ridgelets and the representation of mutilated Sobolev functions[J].SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis,2001,33(2):347-368.
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