贵州省1960-2014年不同地貌类型的气温变化特征
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摘要
通过1960—2014年贵州省19个观测站的月均温观测资料,分析了贵州省气温变化的时空特点及不同地貌类型上气温变化特征,并采用有序聚类法、M-K法检验其突变性。结果表明:1960—2014年贵州省气温除岩溶盆地地区外,其他地区的年均温(岩溶槽谷、非喀斯特区、峰丛洼地、岩溶高原、岩溶峡谷)总体呈波动上升趋势,增温现象十分明显,岩溶高原增温速率最低,岩溶峡谷增温速率最高;极端最低气温和极端最高气温均呈上升趋势,且前者上升速率高于后者,1960—2014年温度上升的趋势中,极端最低气温的上升对增温的贡献率最大;此外,非喀斯特区、岩溶槽谷、峰丛洼地和岩溶高原均温在20世纪90年代后期出现发生突变,岩溶峡谷均温在2001年发生突变,岩溶盆地均温没有存在突变现象。
Based on the monthly temperature observation data from 19 observational stations in Guizhou Province from 1960 to 2014, the characteristics of temperature spatial change of Guizhou Province and the temperature change in different geomorphological types were calculated by using the statistical methods, and the mutation was tested by Ordered Clustering Method and Mann-Kendall technique. The results are as follows. The temperature during 1960—2014 in most areas of Guizhou Province, which include karst valley, non-karst area, cluster-peak depression area, karst plateau and karst gorge, increased clearly besides the area of karst basin. The extreme minimum temperature and maximum temperature in Guizhou Province during 1960—2014 were raising, which was higher than the extreme high temperature. Furthermore, an abrupt change of average temperature tendency in 2001 was detected in karst gorge, but no abrupt change of average temperature was found in karst basin. In karst valley, non-karst area, cluster-peak depression area, karst plateau, the temperature wavelike rising tendency had abrupt change point in late of 1990′s and showed a continuously warming trend afterward.
Based on the monthly temperature observation data from 19 observational stations in Guizhou Province from 1960 to 2014, the characteristics of temperature spatial change of Guizhou Province and the temperature change in different geomorphological types were calculated by using the statistical methods, and the mutation was tested by Ordered Clustering Method and Mann-Kendall technique. The results are as follows. The temperature during 1960—2014 in most areas of Guizhou Province, which include karst valley, non-karst area, cluster-peak depression area, karst plateau and karst gorge, increased clearly besides the area of karst basin. The extreme minimum temperature and maximum temperature in Guizhou Province during 1960—2014 were raising, which was higher than the extreme high temperature. Furthermore, an abrupt change of average temperature tendency in 2001 was detected in karst gorge, but no abrupt change of average temperature was found in karst basin. In karst valley, non-karst area, cluster-peak depression area, karst plateau, the temperature wavelike rising tendency had abrupt change point in late of 1990′s and showed a continuously warming trend afterward.
引文
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[22] 王铮,周清波.19世纪上半叶的一次气候突变[J].自然科学进展:国家重点实验室通讯,1995(3):323-329.
[23] 陈志梅,刘兆桐,张晓慧,等.青岛气温和降水的突变特征分析[J].山东气象,2006,26(1):5-8.
[24] 李珍,姜逢清.1961—2004年新疆气候突变分析[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(3):351-359.
[25] 施雅风.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型问题评估[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[26] 刘永婷,徐光来,尹周祥,等.全球变化背景下安徽近55 a气温时空变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):680-691.
[27] 蒋兴文,李跃清.西南地区冬季气候异常的时空变化特征及其影响因子[J].地理学报,2011,65(11):1325-1335.
[28] 吴端耀,罗娅,王青,等.2001-2014年贵州省林草植被覆盖度时空变化及其与气温降水变化的关系[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,35(1):1-7,29.
[2] 章名立,曾昭美,季劲钧.全球增暖过程中亚洲东部区域气候的特点[J].地理学报,1996(6):518-526.
[3] 郝志新,郑景云,葛全胜,等.中国南方过去400年的极端冷冬变化[J].地理学报,2011,66(11):1479-1485.
[4] 缪启龙,周自江.中国近半个世纪最高气温变化特征[J].气象科学,1998(2):103-112.
[5] 王翠花,李雄,缪启龙.中国近50年来日最低气温变化特征研究[J].地理科学,2003,1(4):441-447.
[6] 史岚,王翠花,李雄,等.中国近50 a来日最低气温的时间演变特征[J].气象科学,2003,23(3):300-307.
[7] 张晶晶,陈爽,赵昕奕.近50年中国气温变化的区域差异及其与全球气候变化的联系[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4):1-6.
[8] 李开明,李忠勤,高闻宇,等.近期新疆东天山冰川退缩及其对水资源影响[J].科学通报,2011,56(32):2708-2716.
[9] 白金中,李忠勤,张明军,等.1959—2008年新疆阿尔泰山友谊峰地区冰川变化特征[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(1):116-124.
[10] 仉文勇,孙淑珍.沧州东南部典型区近30年温度演变特征分析[J].中国水利,2013(z1):86-88,54.
[11] 索慧,寿绍文,包福祥,等.集宁地区近40年气温变化趋势与特征分析[J].北方农业学报,2014(4):69-72.
[12] 黄嘉佑.气象统计分析与预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,1990.
[13] 朱大运,熊康宁,董晓超.贵州1960—2016年气温时空变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):168-173,180.
[14] 汪卫平,熊伟,陈余明.贵州省日最高气温气候特征分析[J].贵州气象,2013,37(1):7-10.
[15] 白慧,陈贞宏,付云鸿.基于集合EMD方法的贵州省极端气温事件频数的主震荡模态分析[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(S2):364-373.
[16] Feng Jing,Qin Tianling,Gao Yu,et al.The evolutionary characteristics of the temperature in typical counties in southwest China:Taking Meitan County in Guizhou Province as an example[J].Agricultural Science & Technology,2011,39(7):13051-13054.
[17] Tong X,Wang K,Yue Y,et al.Quantifying the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects on long-term vegetation dynamics in the karst regions of Southwest China[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo information,2017,54:105-113.
[18] 魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
[19] 唐启义.DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[20] 宋燕,季劲钧.60年代亚非夏季风十年尺度的突变[J].大气科学,2001,25(2):200-208.
[21] 周秋文,罗雅雪,张思琪,等.喀斯特地区土壤可蚀性因子空间估算研究进展[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017(6):16-21.
[22] 王铮,周清波.19世纪上半叶的一次气候突变[J].自然科学进展:国家重点实验室通讯,1995(3):323-329.
[23] 陈志梅,刘兆桐,张晓慧,等.青岛气温和降水的突变特征分析[J].山东气象,2006,26(1):5-8.
[24] 李珍,姜逢清.1961—2004年新疆气候突变分析[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(3):351-359.
[25] 施雅风.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型问题评估[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[26] 刘永婷,徐光来,尹周祥,等.全球变化背景下安徽近55 a气温时空变化特征[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(4):680-691.
[27] 蒋兴文,李跃清.西南地区冬季气候异常的时空变化特征及其影响因子[J].地理学报,2011,65(11):1325-1335.
[28] 吴端耀,罗娅,王青,等.2001-2014年贵州省林草植被覆盖度时空变化及其与气温降水变化的关系[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2017,35(1):1-7,29.
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