同性生殖及其研究进展
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摘要
生殖是一个物种延续的必要途径。在自然界中,生殖方式多种多样,主要分为有性生殖和无性生殖。有性生殖需要亲本双方提供雄性配子和雌性配子,配子融合发育成受精卵进而发育成胚胎。但随着科学家们对两性生殖细胞的研究发现,在两性生殖细胞中,存在着因父源母源来源不同而特异性表达的基因,这些基因阻止了哺乳动物同性生殖。攻克这一难题,在今后医疗克隆治疗、物种保护以及家畜育种等方面都有不可估量的贡献。
Reproduction is a necessary way of species continuation. In nature, there are many ways of reproduction,mainly divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction requires both parents to provide male gametes and female gametes, which fuse into fertilized eggs and then develop into embryos. However, with the research of the male and female germ cells, it has been found that there are genes specifically expressed in the male and female germ cells, which prevent the same-sex reproduction of mammals. Overcoming this problem will make us an invaluable contribution to medical cloning therapy, species conservation and livestock breeding in the future.
Reproduction is a necessary way of species continuation. In nature, there are many ways of reproduction,mainly divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction requires both parents to provide male gametes and female gametes, which fuse into fertilized eggs and then develop into embryos. However, with the research of the male and female germ cells, it has been found that there are genes specifically expressed in the male and female germ cells, which prevent the same-sex reproduction of mammals. Overcoming this problem will make us an invaluable contribution to medical cloning therapy, species conservation and livestock breeding in the future.
引文
[1]张鑫.精子预处理和显微注射方式对牛孤雄生殖胚发育潜力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[2]OZILJ P.The Parthenogenetic Development of Rabbit Oocytes after Repetitive Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation[J].Development,1990,109(1):117-127.
[3]Mc Grath J,Solter D.Completion of Mouse Embryogenesis Requires both the Maternal and Paternal Genomes[J].Cell,1984,37(1):179-183.
[4]Barlow,D.P.,et al.,The mouse insulin-like growth factor type-2receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Tme locus.Nature,1991.349(6304):p.84-7.
[5]Dechiara T M,Robertson E J,Efstratiadis A.Parental Imprinting of the MouseInsulin-Like Growth FactorⅡGene[J].Cell,1991,64(4):849-859.
[6]Bartolomei M S,Zemel S,Tilghman S M.Parental Imprinting of the Mouse H19 Gene[J].Nature,1991,351(6322):153-155.
[7]Kono T.Obata Y,Wu Q.Niwa K,Ono Y,Yamamoto Y,Park ES,Seo Jeong-Sun,Ogawa H.Bith of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood.Nature,2004,428:860-864
[8]Kono T,Sotomaru Y,Katsuzawa Y,Dandolo L.Mouse parthenogenetic embryos with monoallelic H19 expression can develop to day 17.5 of gestation.Dev.Biol.,2002,243:294-300
[9]Lee J1,Kanatsu-Shinohara M,Ogonuki N,etc.Heritable imprinting defect caused by epigenetic abnormalities in mouse spermatogonial stem cells.[J].Biol Reprod.,2009,80(3):518-27.
[10]Jeremy Rehm.Healthy Mice from Same-Sex Parents have Their Own Pups[J].Nature,2018.
[11]Ido Sagi,Shiran Bar,Nissim Benvenisty.Mice from Same-Sex Parents:CRISPRing Out the Barriersfor Unisexual Reproduction[J].Cell Stem Cell,2018,23(5):625-627.
[12]Zhi-Kun Li,Le-Yun Wang,Li-Bin Wang,etc.Generation of Bimaternal and Bipaternal Mice from Hypomethylated Haploid ESCs with Imprinting Region Deletions[J].Cell Stem Cell,2018,23(5):665-676.
[13]Bartolomei M.S.Ferguson-Smith A.C.Mammalian genomic imprinting[J].Cold Spring Harb.Perspect.Biol.2011;3:a002592.
[14]许春丽.小鼠父系遗传背景对孤雌胚胎干细胞特性的影响[D].西安:西北大学,2016.
[15]肖遥.家畜动物引种新思路:孤雄生殖研究应用前景[A].中国奶业协会第24次繁殖学术年会暨国家奶牛/肉牛产业技术体系第一届全国牛病防治学术研讨会论文集[C].中国奶业协会繁殖专业委员会、国家肉牛产业技术体系疾病控制研究室、国家奶牛产业技术体系疾病控制研究室:全国牛病大会组委会,2009:5.
[2]OZILJ P.The Parthenogenetic Development of Rabbit Oocytes after Repetitive Pulsatile Electrical Stimulation[J].Development,1990,109(1):117-127.
[3]Mc Grath J,Solter D.Completion of Mouse Embryogenesis Requires both the Maternal and Paternal Genomes[J].Cell,1984,37(1):179-183.
[4]Barlow,D.P.,et al.,The mouse insulin-like growth factor type-2receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Tme locus.Nature,1991.349(6304):p.84-7.
[5]Dechiara T M,Robertson E J,Efstratiadis A.Parental Imprinting of the MouseInsulin-Like Growth FactorⅡGene[J].Cell,1991,64(4):849-859.
[6]Bartolomei M S,Zemel S,Tilghman S M.Parental Imprinting of the Mouse H19 Gene[J].Nature,1991,351(6322):153-155.
[7]Kono T.Obata Y,Wu Q.Niwa K,Ono Y,Yamamoto Y,Park ES,Seo Jeong-Sun,Ogawa H.Bith of parthenogenetic mice that can develop to adulthood.Nature,2004,428:860-864
[8]Kono T,Sotomaru Y,Katsuzawa Y,Dandolo L.Mouse parthenogenetic embryos with monoallelic H19 expression can develop to day 17.5 of gestation.Dev.Biol.,2002,243:294-300
[9]Lee J1,Kanatsu-Shinohara M,Ogonuki N,etc.Heritable imprinting defect caused by epigenetic abnormalities in mouse spermatogonial stem cells.[J].Biol Reprod.,2009,80(3):518-27.
[10]Jeremy Rehm.Healthy Mice from Same-Sex Parents have Their Own Pups[J].Nature,2018.
[11]Ido Sagi,Shiran Bar,Nissim Benvenisty.Mice from Same-Sex Parents:CRISPRing Out the Barriersfor Unisexual Reproduction[J].Cell Stem Cell,2018,23(5):625-627.
[12]Zhi-Kun Li,Le-Yun Wang,Li-Bin Wang,etc.Generation of Bimaternal and Bipaternal Mice from Hypomethylated Haploid ESCs with Imprinting Region Deletions[J].Cell Stem Cell,2018,23(5):665-676.
[13]Bartolomei M.S.Ferguson-Smith A.C.Mammalian genomic imprinting[J].Cold Spring Harb.Perspect.Biol.2011;3:a002592.
[14]许春丽.小鼠父系遗传背景对孤雌胚胎干细胞特性的影响[D].西安:西北大学,2016.
[15]肖遥.家畜动物引种新思路:孤雄生殖研究应用前景[A].中国奶业协会第24次繁殖学术年会暨国家奶牛/肉牛产业技术体系第一届全国牛病防治学术研讨会论文集[C].中国奶业协会繁殖专业委员会、国家肉牛产业技术体系疾病控制研究室、国家奶牛产业技术体系疾病控制研究室:全国牛病大会组委会,2009:5.
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