灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构
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摘要
【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。
【Aim】 This study aims to observe the types, morphology, quantity and distribution of sensilla on adult antenna and larval head of the tea geometrid Ectropis grisescens, so as to explore the behavioral mechanism of E. grisescens. 【Methods】 The ultrastructure of sensilla on adult antenna and larval head of E. grisescens was observed with scanning electron microscopy. 【Results】 The results showed that there are eight kinds of sensilla on the adult antennae, including sensilla styloconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla trichodae(type Ⅰ-Ⅳ), B?hm bristles, sensilla coeloconica(type Ⅰ and Ⅱ), sensilla squamiformia, sensilla basiconica(type Ⅰ and Ⅱ), and sensilla chaetica. Sensilla styloconica were found only on female adults, while sensilla auricillica and sensilla trichodae(STⅠ-Ⅲ) only on male adults. One sensillum styloconicum, one sensillum basiconicum and two sensilla chaetica were found on the antenna of the 5 th instar larvae, six pairs of sensilla chaetica on the labrum, three pairs of sensilla chaetica and one pair of sensilla digitiformia on the epipharynx, two sensilla chaetica on the outer face of mandible, five sensilla chaetica, nine sensilla basiconica and two sensilla styloconica on the mandible and maxillary palp, one sensillum basiconicum and one sensillum chaeticum on the labial palp, and one pair of sensilla chaetica on the front of spinneret. 【Conclusion】 The antennal sensilla show sexual dimorphism in E. grisescens, with more kinds and quantity of sensilla on male antenna. It is so inferred that males have stronger ability to identify host plants and sex pheromones. The sensilla on larval head are associated with gustation and olfaction, and play a vital role in judging the varieties and suitability of foods.
【Aim】 This study aims to observe the types, morphology, quantity and distribution of sensilla on adult antenna and larval head of the tea geometrid Ectropis grisescens, so as to explore the behavioral mechanism of E. grisescens. 【Methods】 The ultrastructure of sensilla on adult antenna and larval head of E. grisescens was observed with scanning electron microscopy. 【Results】 The results showed that there are eight kinds of sensilla on the adult antennae, including sensilla styloconica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla trichodae(type Ⅰ-Ⅳ), B?hm bristles, sensilla coeloconica(type Ⅰ and Ⅱ), sensilla squamiformia, sensilla basiconica(type Ⅰ and Ⅱ), and sensilla chaetica. Sensilla styloconica were found only on female adults, while sensilla auricillica and sensilla trichodae(STⅠ-Ⅲ) only on male adults. One sensillum styloconicum, one sensillum basiconicum and two sensilla chaetica were found on the antenna of the 5 th instar larvae, six pairs of sensilla chaetica on the labrum, three pairs of sensilla chaetica and one pair of sensilla digitiformia on the epipharynx, two sensilla chaetica on the outer face of mandible, five sensilla chaetica, nine sensilla basiconica and two sensilla styloconica on the mandible and maxillary palp, one sensillum basiconicum and one sensillum chaeticum on the labial palp, and one pair of sensilla chaetica on the front of spinneret. 【Conclusion】 The antennal sensilla show sexual dimorphism in E. grisescens, with more kinds and quantity of sensilla on male antenna. It is so inferred that males have stronger ability to identify host plants and sex pheromones. The sensilla on larval head are associated with gustation and olfaction, and play a vital role in judging the varieties and suitability of foods.
引文
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Chen DY,Zhang YJ,Qin XF,Quan DW,Zheng XL,Lu W,2018.The sensilla on larval head of Diaphania angustalis (Snellen) (Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Plant Prot.,44(3):98-104.[陈冬宇,张玉静,秦小方,全达万,郑霞林,陆温,2018.绿翅绢野螟幼虫头部感器超微结构观察.植物保护,44(3):98-104]
Chen J,Hua BZ,2014.Ultramorphology of sensilla on the larval antennae and mouthparts of Carposina coreana Kim (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,57(1):133-140.[陈静,花保祯,2014.山茱萸蛀果蛾幼虫触角和口器感器的超微形态.昆虫学报,57(1):133-140]
Crespo JG,2011.A review of chemosensation and related behavior in aquatic insects.J.Insect Sci.,11(62):1-39.
Davis DR,Quintero DA,Cambra RA,2008.Biology of a new Panamanian bagworm moth (Lepidoptera:Psychidae) with predatory larva,and eggs individually wrapped in setal cases.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,101(4):689-702.
Diakova AV,Makarova AA,Polilov AA,2018.Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization:antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Peer J.,30(6):e6005.
Ge CM,Yin KS,Tang MJ,Xiao Q,2016.Biological characteristics of Ectropis grisescens Warren.Acta Agric.Zhejiang.,28(3):464-468.[葛超美,殷坤山,唐美君,肖强,2016.灰茶尺蠖的生物学特性.浙江农业学报,28(3):464-468]
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Jiang N,Liu SX,Xue DY,Tang MJ,Xiao Q,Han HX,2014.External morphology and molecular identification of two tea Geometrid moth from southern China.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,51(4):987-1002.[姜楠,刘淑仙,薛大勇,唐美君,肖强,韩红香,2014.我国华东地区两种茶尺蛾的形态和分子鉴定.应用昆虫学报,51(4):987-1002]
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Liu Z,Hua BZ,Liu L,2011.Ultrastructure of the sensilla on larval antennae and mouthparts in the peach fruit moth,Carposin sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae).Micron,42(5):478-483.
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Palma R,Mutis A,Isaacs R,Quiroz A,2013.Type and distribution of sensilla in the antennae of the red clover root borer,Hylastinus obscurus.J.Insect Sci.,13:133.
Paul AG,Dey S,Kalita J,2016.Fine structural studies on major larval mouth part sensilla of Antheraea assamensis,an endemic silk moth species of North East India in regard to sensory physiology.J.Appl.Fund.Sci.,2(1):6-16.
Roh HS,Park KC,Oh HW,Park CG,2016.Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of two tortricid moths,Cydia pomonella and C.succedana (Lepidoptera).Microsc.Res.Tech.,79:1069-1081.
Schneider D,1964.Insect antennae.Annu.Rev.Entomol.,9:103-122.
Song Y,Sun H,Wu J,2014.Morphology of the sensilla of larval antennae and mouthparts of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta.Bull.Insectol.,67(2):193-198.
Song YQ,Dong JF,Sun HZ,2018.Types and distribution of sensilla on larval antennae and mouthparts Athetis dissimilis.Plant Prot.,44(2):122-128.[宋月芹,董钧锋,孙会忠,2018.双委夜蛾幼虫触角、口器感器的类型与分布.植物保护,44(2):122-128]
Tang PA,Li FF,Duan JY,Wu HJ,Tao YX,2017.Scanning electron microscopy observations on the antennal sensilla of Cryptolestes pusillus.Plant Prot.,43(4):61-65.[唐培安,李非凡,段锦艳,吴海晶,陶冶心,2017.长角扁谷盜触角感器的扫描电镜观察.植物保护,43(4):61-65]
Tian CH,Wang Y,Feng HQ,Liu ST,Qiu F,Li GP,2015.The ultrastructures of the antennal sensilla of Athetis lepigone.Plant Prot.,41(1):63-67.[田彩红,王瑛,封洪强,刘顺通,邱峰,李国平,2015.二点委夜蛾触角感器的超微结构研究.植物保护,41(1):63-67]
Vera W,Bergmann J,2018.Distribution and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the grape weevil Naupactus xanthographus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae).Microsc.Res.Tech.,81(6):590-598.
Wang HF,Ma T,Xiao Q,Cao PR,Chen X,Wen YZ,Xiong HP,Qin WQ,Liang SP,Jian SZ,Li YJ,Sun ZH,Wen XJ,Wang C,2017.Pupation behaviors and emergence successes of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera:Geometridae) in response to different substrate types and moisture contents.Environ.Entomol.,46(6):1365-1373.
Wang R,Zhang L,Xu LL,Zong SX,Luo YQ,2015.Sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of the sea buckthorn carpenter moth,Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua et al (Lepidoptera:Cossidae).Neotrop.Entomol.,44(1):68-76.
Wang P,Zheng XL,Lei CL,Wang XP,2011.Observation on the head and chemoreceptors of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Plant Prot.,37(2):72-75.[王攀,郑霞林,雷朝亮,王小平,2011.豇豆荚螟幼虫头部形态及化学感受器观察.植物保护,37(2):72-75]
Wang T,2017.Antennal sensilla of the red turpentine beetle Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera:Scolytidae).Plant Prot.,43(2):112-116.[王涛,2017.红脂大小蠹成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察.植物保护,43(2):112-116]
Wu H,Xu M,Hou C,Huang LQ,Dong JF,Wang XC,2015.Specific olfactory neurons and glomeruli are associated differences in behavioral responses to pheromone components between two Helicoverpa species.Front.Behav.Neurosci.,9:206.
Xiang YY,Kong DD,Liu TX,Zhang SZ,2016.Observation of the sensilla on female adult antenna and larval head of Agrotis ypsilon (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) with scanning electron microscope.Acta Entomol.Sin.,59(12):1340-1347.[向玉勇,孔丹丹,刘同先,张世泽,2016.小地老虎雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器扫描电镜观察.昆虫学报,59(12):1340-1347]
Xu LL.Pei JH,Wang T,Ren LL,Zong SX,2017.The larval sensilla on the antennae and mouthparts of five species of Cossidae (Lepidoptera).Can.J.Zool.,95:611-622.
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Anfora GS,Vitagliano MC,Larsson P,Witzgall M,Tasin GS,2014.Disruption of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) oviposition by the application of host plant volatiles.Pest Manag.Sci.,70:628-635.
Barsagade DD,Khurad AM,Chamat MV,2013.Microscopic structure of mouth parts sensilla in the fifth instar larvae of Eri silkworm,Phiilosamia ricini (Lepidoptera:Saturniidae).J.Entomol.Zool.Stud.,1(3):15-21.
Chang XQ,Zhang S,Lv L,Wang MQ,2015.Insight into the ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae).J.Insect Sci.,15:124.
Chen DY,Zhang YJ,Qin XF,Quan DW,Zheng XL,Lu W,2018.The sensilla on larval head of Diaphania angustalis (Snellen) (Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Plant Prot.,44(3):98-104.[陈冬宇,张玉静,秦小方,全达万,郑霞林,陆温,2018.绿翅绢野螟幼虫头部感器超微结构观察.植物保护,44(3):98-104]
Chen J,Hua BZ,2014.Ultramorphology of sensilla on the larval antennae and mouthparts of Carposina coreana Kim (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae).Acta Entomol.Sin.,57(1):133-140.[陈静,花保祯,2014.山茱萸蛀果蛾幼虫触角和口器感器的超微形态.昆虫学报,57(1):133-140]
Crespo JG,2011.A review of chemosensation and related behavior in aquatic insects.J.Insect Sci.,11(62):1-39.
Davis DR,Quintero DA,Cambra RA,2008.Biology of a new Panamanian bagworm moth (Lepidoptera:Psychidae) with predatory larva,and eggs individually wrapped in setal cases.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,101(4):689-702.
Diakova AV,Makarova AA,Polilov AA,2018.Between extreme simplification and ideal optimization:antennal sensilla morphology of miniaturized Megaphragma wasps (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae).Peer J.,30(6):e6005.
Ge CM,Yin KS,Tang MJ,Xiao Q,2016.Biological characteristics of Ectropis grisescens Warren.Acta Agric.Zhejiang.,28(3):464-468.[葛超美,殷坤山,唐美君,肖强,2016.灰茶尺蠖的生物学特性.浙江农业学报,28(3):464-468]
Gu,SH,Zhou JJ,Wang GR,Zhang YJ,Guo YY,2013.Sex pheromone recognition and immunolocalization of three pheromone binding proteins in the black cutworm moth Agrotis ipsilon.Insect Biochem.Molec.Biol.,43:237-251.
Jiang N,Liu SX,Xue DY,Tang MJ,Xiao Q,Han HX,2014.External morphology and molecular identification of two tea Geometrid moth from southern China.Chin.J.Appl.Entomol.,51(4):987-1002.[姜楠,刘淑仙,薛大勇,唐美君,肖强,韩红香,2014.我国华东地区两种茶尺蛾的形态和分子鉴定.应用昆虫学报,51(4):987-1002]
Khater KS,2016.Morphology and ultrastructure of the sensilla of larval antennae and mouth parts of the Mediterranean flour mouth,Ephestia kuehniellazeller (Lepidopetra:Pyrilidae).Egypt.Acad.J.Biol.Sci.,9(3):13-19.
Liu Z,Hua BZ,Liu L,2011.Ultrastructure of the sensilla on larval antennae and mouthparts in the peach fruit moth,Carposin sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera:Carposinidae).Micron,42(5):478-483.
Lou YG,Cheng JA,2001.Chemical sensory mechanisms of insects.Chin.J.Ecol.,20(2):66-69.[娄永根,程家安,2001.昆虫的化学感觉机理.生态学杂志,20(2):66-69]
Ma L,Bian L,Li ZQ,Cai XM,Luo ZX,Chen ZM,2016.Ultrastructure of chemosensilla on antennae and tarsi of Ectropis obliqua (Lepidoptera:Geometridae).Ann.Entomol.Soc.Am.,109(4):574-584.
Palma R,Mutis A,Isaacs R,Quiroz A,2013.Type and distribution of sensilla in the antennae of the red clover root borer,Hylastinus obscurus.J.Insect Sci.,13:133.
Paul AG,Dey S,Kalita J,2016.Fine structural studies on major larval mouth part sensilla of Antheraea assamensis,an endemic silk moth species of North East India in regard to sensory physiology.J.Appl.Fund.Sci.,2(1):6-16.
Roh HS,Park KC,Oh HW,Park CG,2016.Morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of two tortricid moths,Cydia pomonella and C.succedana (Lepidoptera).Microsc.Res.Tech.,79:1069-1081.
Schneider D,1964.Insect antennae.Annu.Rev.Entomol.,9:103-122.
Song Y,Sun H,Wu J,2014.Morphology of the sensilla of larval antennae and mouthparts of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta.Bull.Insectol.,67(2):193-198.
Song YQ,Dong JF,Sun HZ,2018.Types and distribution of sensilla on larval antennae and mouthparts Athetis dissimilis.Plant Prot.,44(2):122-128.[宋月芹,董钧锋,孙会忠,2018.双委夜蛾幼虫触角、口器感器的类型与分布.植物保护,44(2):122-128]
Tang PA,Li FF,Duan JY,Wu HJ,Tao YX,2017.Scanning electron microscopy observations on the antennal sensilla of Cryptolestes pusillus.Plant Prot.,43(4):61-65.[唐培安,李非凡,段锦艳,吴海晶,陶冶心,2017.长角扁谷盜触角感器的扫描电镜观察.植物保护,43(4):61-65]
Tian CH,Wang Y,Feng HQ,Liu ST,Qiu F,Li GP,2015.The ultrastructures of the antennal sensilla of Athetis lepigone.Plant Prot.,41(1):63-67.[田彩红,王瑛,封洪强,刘顺通,邱峰,李国平,2015.二点委夜蛾触角感器的超微结构研究.植物保护,41(1):63-67]
Vera W,Bergmann J,2018.Distribution and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of the grape weevil Naupactus xanthographus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae).Microsc.Res.Tech.,81(6):590-598.
Wang HF,Ma T,Xiao Q,Cao PR,Chen X,Wen YZ,Xiong HP,Qin WQ,Liang SP,Jian SZ,Li YJ,Sun ZH,Wen XJ,Wang C,2017.Pupation behaviors and emergence successes of Ectropis grisescens (Lepidoptera:Geometridae) in response to different substrate types and moisture contents.Environ.Entomol.,46(6):1365-1373.
Wang R,Zhang L,Xu LL,Zong SX,Luo YQ,2015.Sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of the sea buckthorn carpenter moth,Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua et al (Lepidoptera:Cossidae).Neotrop.Entomol.,44(1):68-76.
Wang P,Zheng XL,Lei CL,Wang XP,2011.Observation on the head and chemoreceptors of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Plant Prot.,37(2):72-75.[王攀,郑霞林,雷朝亮,王小平,2011.豇豆荚螟幼虫头部形态及化学感受器观察.植物保护,37(2):72-75]
Wang T,2017.Antennal sensilla of the red turpentine beetle Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera:Scolytidae).Plant Prot.,43(2):112-116.[王涛,2017.红脂大小蠹成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察.植物保护,43(2):112-116]
Wu H,Xu M,Hou C,Huang LQ,Dong JF,Wang XC,2015.Specific olfactory neurons and glomeruli are associated differences in behavioral responses to pheromone components between two Helicoverpa species.Front.Behav.Neurosci.,9:206.
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