东北地区粮食生产结构时空演变
|
摘要
以东北地区粮食生产结构为研究对象,以县域为尺度,运用数据统计对比、层次聚类分析等方法,结合GIS制图,对比分析2010—2015年东北地区(包括东北三省和内蒙古东四盟)玉米、水稻和大豆占粮食总产量的比例的时空格局和演变特征,探究东北地区粮食生产类型的空间分布、演化规律及成因。研究发现,东北地区玉米占比高值区域分布在东北地区中西部地区,近年来东北西部地区和北部地区的玉米高值区明显增加。水稻的占比相对高值区集中分布在松嫩平原、三江平原和辽河流域的部分县市区,近年来总体呈现北增南减的变化趋势。大豆占比相对高值区仅仅集中分布在东北地区北部大兴安岭地区,近年来高值区大范围缩减。层级聚类的分类结果表明,东北地区粮食生产类型多样性降低,玉米为主要粮食类型的区域范围在不断扩大,相应的大豆为主的类型区则严重萎缩,水稻生产优势区范围明显扩大。东北地区粮食生产结构的变化,主要是由于粮食种植结构的调整而引起的。
Using the method of statistical analysis and visualization tool of geographic information system(GIS),this study analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of the structure of three major types of grain(maize, rice and soybean) in Northeast China at the county level from 2010 to 2015. The spatial patterns in terms of the proportions of different kinds of grain are depicted and the changes of the proportions are also analyzed. The counties are classified into different clusters based on the proportions of the three major types of grain using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The reason of the changes in the grain production structure is also discussed. The results shows that the areas with higher proportion of maize production are mainly distributed in the middle and west part of Northeast China. In recent years, there is a significant increase in terms of the numbers of counties with higher proportion of maize production in the west and north part of Northeast China. Areas with higher proportion of rice production are mainly distributed in some counties which are located in the Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Liaohe River Basin. The numbers of areas with higher proportion of rice production are becoming more in the north part but less in the south part of Northeast China recently. Areas with relatively higher proportion of soybean production are only located in the Daxing' anling region. The numbers of counties with higher proportion of soybean production has dropped sharply in recent years. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis based on the proportions of three kinds of grain in 2010 and 2015 show that the diversity of grain production has been decreased. The numbers of counties whose main type of grain production is maize increase dramatically. Most counties in Northeast China has become a maize dominant type of grain production during these years. Correspondingly,the numbers of counties with the soybean as the dominant type decrease significantly. In the meantime, the areas with the rice as the dominant type are enlarged apparently in the traditional rice-advantage region. The results indicate that the changes of grain production structure were mainly caused by the planting structure adjustment.
Using the method of statistical analysis and visualization tool of geographic information system(GIS),this study analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of the structure of three major types of grain(maize, rice and soybean) in Northeast China at the county level from 2010 to 2015. The spatial patterns in terms of the proportions of different kinds of grain are depicted and the changes of the proportions are also analyzed. The counties are classified into different clusters based on the proportions of the three major types of grain using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The reason of the changes in the grain production structure is also discussed. The results shows that the areas with higher proportion of maize production are mainly distributed in the middle and west part of Northeast China. In recent years, there is a significant increase in terms of the numbers of counties with higher proportion of maize production in the west and north part of Northeast China. Areas with higher proportion of rice production are mainly distributed in some counties which are located in the Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Liaohe River Basin. The numbers of areas with higher proportion of rice production are becoming more in the north part but less in the south part of Northeast China recently. Areas with relatively higher proportion of soybean production are only located in the Daxing' anling region. The numbers of counties with higher proportion of soybean production has dropped sharply in recent years. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis based on the proportions of three kinds of grain in 2010 and 2015 show that the diversity of grain production has been decreased. The numbers of counties whose main type of grain production is maize increase dramatically. Most counties in Northeast China has become a maize dominant type of grain production during these years. Correspondingly,the numbers of counties with the soybean as the dominant type decrease significantly. In the meantime, the areas with the rice as the dominant type are enlarged apparently in the traditional rice-advantage region. The results indicate that the changes of grain production structure were mainly caused by the planting structure adjustment.
引文
[1]李志斌,陈佑启,姚艳敏,等.东北三省粮食生产安全预警研究[J].地域研究与开发,2009,28(5):130-134.
[2]程叶青,张平宇.中国粮食生产的区域格局变化及东北商品粮基地的响应[J].地理科学,2005,25(5):513-520.
[3]何秀丽,刘文新.东北商品粮基地县粮食生产影响因素及增产途径分析——以德惠市为例[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(35):304-309.
[4]丁金梅,杨奎,马彩虹,等.中国粮食产量时空格局演变研究[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(6):1 290-1 297.
[5]朱晶,李天祥,林大燕,等.“九连增”后的思考:粮食内部结构调整的贡献及未来潜力分析[J].农业经济问题,2013(11):36-43,110-111.
[6]宫斌斌,刘帅,杨宁,等.东北三省粮食产量结构变动分析与对策建议——基于偏离—份额分析法[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(19):128-131.
[7]陈玉洁,张平宇,刘世薇,等.东北西部粮食生产时空格局变化及优化布局研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(9):1 397-1 407.
[8]刘志娟,杨晓光,吕硕,等.东北三省春玉米产量差时空分布特征[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(9):1 606-1 616.
[9]李奇峰,张海林,陈阜.东北农作区粮食作物种植格局变化的特征分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(3):74-79.
[10]石淑芹,陈佑启,姚艳敏,等.东北地区耕地变化对粮食生产能力的影响评价[J].地理学报,2008,63(6):574-586.
[11]程叶青.东北地区粮食单产空间格局变化及其动因分析[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(9):1 541-1 549.
[12]程叶青,何秀丽.东北地区粮食生产的结构变动及比较优势分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):1-7.
[13]王士君,宋飏.中国东北地区城市地理基本框架[J].地理学报,2006,61(6):574-584.
(1)由于东北地区只包含内蒙古4个盟市,如使用内蒙古全区的平均数据并不合适,因此此处的分析仅以东三省的数据进行分析。
[2]程叶青,张平宇.中国粮食生产的区域格局变化及东北商品粮基地的响应[J].地理科学,2005,25(5):513-520.
[3]何秀丽,刘文新.东北商品粮基地县粮食生产影响因素及增产途径分析——以德惠市为例[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(35):304-309.
[4]丁金梅,杨奎,马彩虹,等.中国粮食产量时空格局演变研究[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(6):1 290-1 297.
[5]朱晶,李天祥,林大燕,等.“九连增”后的思考:粮食内部结构调整的贡献及未来潜力分析[J].农业经济问题,2013(11):36-43,110-111.
[6]宫斌斌,刘帅,杨宁,等.东北三省粮食产量结构变动分析与对策建议——基于偏离—份额分析法[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(19):128-131.
[7]陈玉洁,张平宇,刘世薇,等.东北西部粮食生产时空格局变化及优化布局研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(9):1 397-1 407.
[8]刘志娟,杨晓光,吕硕,等.东北三省春玉米产量差时空分布特征[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(9):1 606-1 616.
[9]李奇峰,张海林,陈阜.东北农作区粮食作物种植格局变化的特征分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(3):74-79.
[10]石淑芹,陈佑启,姚艳敏,等.东北地区耕地变化对粮食生产能力的影响评价[J].地理学报,2008,63(6):574-586.
[11]程叶青.东北地区粮食单产空间格局变化及其动因分析[J].自然资源学报,2009,24(9):1 541-1 549.
[12]程叶青,何秀丽.东北地区粮食生产的结构变动及比较优势分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(3):1-7.
[13]王士君,宋飏.中国东北地区城市地理基本框架[J].地理学报,2006,61(6):574-584.
(1)由于东北地区只包含内蒙古4个盟市,如使用内蒙古全区的平均数据并不合适,因此此处的分析仅以东三省的数据进行分析。
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |