考虑端部摩擦效应的岩石卸载强度准则
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摘要
为分析端部摩擦对岩石力学参数的影响,采用RMT–150B岩石力学试验系统对砂岩试样进行不同端部摩擦因子和围压卸载速率下的三轴卸围压试验。结果表明:在相同端部摩擦因子和初始围压下,围压卸载速率越大,试样破坏围压越低,试样破坏差应力越大;在相同围压卸载速率和初始围压下,端部摩擦因子越大,试样破坏围压越低,试样破坏差应力也越大;在相同围压卸载速率下,试样内摩擦角φ和黏聚力c值整体上随端部摩擦因子增加近似直线增加;在相同端部摩擦因子下,试样内摩擦角φ和黏聚力c值整体上随围压卸载速率增大而增大,但增加速率逐渐降低。提出包含端部摩擦因子和围压卸载速率的end-friction(E-F)卸载强度准则,通过采用该准则对试样峰值强度和破坏围压的关系进行拟合分析,认为该准则能够较好地描述三轴卸围压破坏试样强度。若已知端部摩擦因子K值,可得到不同围压卸载速率v下岩石E-F卸载破坏强度包络线,进而获得不同围压卸载速率下岩石材料强度参数。
In order to analyze the effects of end friction and confining pressure unloading rate on rock mechanical parameters,the tri-axial confining pressure unloading tests of sandstone specimens under different end friction factors and unloading rates of the confining pressure were carried out by RMT–150 B rock mechanics test system.The results show that,under the same end friction factor and initial confining pressure,the greater the unloading rate of the confining pressure is,the lower the failure confining pressure and the greater the differential stress at failure are,and that,with the same confining pressure unloading rate and initial confining pressure,the greater the end friction factor is,the lower the failure confining pressure and the greater the differential stress at failure are. The friction angle φ and the cohesion c of rock specimens increase linearly with increasing the end friction factor as a whole and increase overall at a decreasing rate with rising the confining pressure unloading rate and the same end friction factor. An end-friction(E-F) unloading strength criterion of rock including the end friction factor and the unloading rate was proposed,and the fitting analysis between the peak strength and the failure confining pressure of rock specimens by the criterion was performed. It is shown that the criterion can describe the strength of rock specimens under unloading confining pressure condition. Given the value of the end friction factor K,the E-F unloading failure strength envelope of rock specimens under different confining pressure unloading rates v can be drew out and then the strength parameters of rock specimens under different confining pressure unloading rates can be obtained.
In order to analyze the effects of end friction and confining pressure unloading rate on rock mechanical parameters,the tri-axial confining pressure unloading tests of sandstone specimens under different end friction factors and unloading rates of the confining pressure were carried out by RMT–150 B rock mechanics test system.The results show that,under the same end friction factor and initial confining pressure,the greater the unloading rate of the confining pressure is,the lower the failure confining pressure and the greater the differential stress at failure are,and that,with the same confining pressure unloading rate and initial confining pressure,the greater the end friction factor is,the lower the failure confining pressure and the greater the differential stress at failure are. The friction angle φ and the cohesion c of rock specimens increase linearly with increasing the end friction factor as a whole and increase overall at a decreasing rate with rising the confining pressure unloading rate and the same end friction factor. An end-friction(E-F) unloading strength criterion of rock including the end friction factor and the unloading rate was proposed,and the fitting analysis between the peak strength and the failure confining pressure of rock specimens by the criterion was performed. It is shown that the criterion can describe the strength of rock specimens under unloading confining pressure condition. Given the value of the end friction factor K,the E-F unloading failure strength envelope of rock specimens under different confining pressure unloading rates v can be drew out and then the strength parameters of rock specimens under different confining pressure unloading rates can be obtained.
引文
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[9]陈卫忠,刘豆豆,杨建平,等.大理岩卸围压幂函数型Mohr强度特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2 214-2 220.(CHEN Weizhong,LIU Doudou,YANG Jianping,et al.Power function based Mohr strength criterion for marble with unloading confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2 214-2 220.(in Chinese))
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[11]尤明庆.常规三轴压缩的端部效应及花岗岩强度的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(增1):3 160-3 168.(YOU Mingqing.Study on ends effect in conventional triaxial compression test and the strengths property of granites[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(Supp.1):3 160-3 168.(in Chinese))
[12]范鹏贤,李颖,赵跃堂,等.茂木式真三轴试验机的端部摩擦效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2 720-2 730.(FANPengxian,LI Ying,ZHAO Yuetang,et al.End friction effect of Mogi type of true-triaxial test apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2 720-2 730.(in Chinese))
[13]TANG C A,THAM L G,LEE PK K,et al.Numerical studies of the influence of microstructure on rock failure in uniaxial compression Part II:constraint,slenderness and size effect[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(4):571-583.
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[15]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.GT/T223561-2009煤与岩石物理力学性质测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GT/T223561-2009 Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010.(in Chinese))
[16]张永振,贾利晓.材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的研究进展[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(9):1-7.(ZHANG Yongzhen,JIA Lixiao.Research development of frictional wear characteristic of materials under dry sliding[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010,35(9):1-7.(in Chinese))
[17]刘建,张永振,杜三明,等.聚四氟乙烯编织复合材料摩擦温度与磨损特性[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(23):90-94.(LIU Jian,ZHANG Yongzhen,DU Sanming,et al.Temperature and friction characteristics of PTFE braided composites[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(23):90-94.(in Chinese))
[18]LI X,SHI L,BAI B,et al.True-triaxial testing techniques of rocks-state of the art and future perspectives[C]//True Triaxial Testing of Rocks.KWASNIEWSKI M,LI X,TAKAHASHI M,ed.London:CRC Press,2012:3-18.
[19]许东俊,幸志坚,李小春,等.RT3型岩石高压真三轴仪的研制[J].岩土力学,1990,11(2):1-14.(XU Dongjun,XING Zhijian,LIXiaochun,et al.Development of RT3 type rock high pressure true triaxial machine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1990,11(2):1-14.(in Chinese))
[20]胡帅,马洪素,任奋华,等.不同卸荷速率下北山花岗岩力学特性试验研究[J].金属矿山,2017,(2):36-42.(HU Shuai,MAHongsu,REN Fenhua,et al.Experimental research on the mechanical properties of Beishan granite under different unloading rates[J].Metal Mine,2017,(2):36-42.(in Chinese))
[21]梁正召,吴宪锴,唐世斌,等.基于各向异性界面单元的岩石端部效应数值模拟[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2018,(3):526-537.(LIANG Zhengzhao,WU Xiankai,TANG Shibin,et al.Numerical simulation on end effect of rock specimens based on the anisotropic interface element model[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2018,(3):526-537.(in Chinese))
[2]李建林,哈秋舲.节理岩体拉剪断裂与强度研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(3):259-266.(LI Jianlin,HA Qiuling.A study of tensile-shear crack and strength related to jointed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(3):259-266.(in Chinese))
[3]黄宜胜.岩体卸荷非线性力学特性分析及其工程应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉大学,2007.(HUANG Yisheng.Analysis of nonlinear mechanical characteristics of unloading rock mass and its engineering application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2007.(in Chinese))
[4]杨强,陈新,周维垣.基于二阶损伤张量的节理岩体各向异性屈服准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1 275-1 282.(YANG Qiang,CHEN Xin,ZHOU Weiyuan.Anisotropic yield criterion for jointed rock masses based on a two-order damage tensor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1 275-1 282.(in Chinese))
[5]邱士利,冯夏庭,张传庆,等.不同卸围压速率下深埋大理岩卸荷力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1 807-1 817.(QIU Shili,FENG Xiating,ZHANG Chuanqing,et al.Experimental research on mechanical properties of deep-buried marble under different unloading rates of confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(9):1 807-1 817.(in Chinese))
[6]黄润秋,黄达.高地应力条件下卸荷速率对锦屏大理岩力学特性影响规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):21-33.(HUANG Runqiu,HUANG Da.Experimental research on affection laws of unloading rates on mechanical properties of Jinping marble under high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):21-33.(in Chinese))
[7]赵国斌,周建军,王思敬.卸荷条件下灰岩力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增2):2 994-2 999.(ZHAO Guobin,ZHOU Jianjun,WANG Sijing.Study of mechanical characteristics of limestone under unloading condition[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):2 994-2 999.(in Chinese))
[8]WU F,LIU T,LIU J,et al.Excavation unloading destruction phenomena in rock dam foundations[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2009,68(2):257-262.
[9]陈卫忠,刘豆豆,杨建平,等.大理岩卸围压幂函数型Mohr强度特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2 214-2 220.(CHEN Weizhong,LIU Doudou,YANG Jianping,et al.Power function based Mohr strength criterion for marble with unloading confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(11):2 214-2 220.(in Chinese))
[10]尤明庆,苏承东.大理岩试样的长度对单轴压缩试验的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):2 754-2 760.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong.Effect of length of fine and coarse crystal marble specimens on uniaxial compression tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):2 754-2 760.(in Chinese))
[11]尤明庆.常规三轴压缩的端部效应及花岗岩强度的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(增1):3 160-3 168.(YOU Mingqing.Study on ends effect in conventional triaxial compression test and the strengths property of granites[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(Supp.1):3 160-3 168.(in Chinese))
[12]范鹏贤,李颖,赵跃堂,等.茂木式真三轴试验机的端部摩擦效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2 720-2 730.(FANPengxian,LI Ying,ZHAO Yuetang,et al.End friction effect of Mogi type of true-triaxial test apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2 720-2 730.(in Chinese))
[13]TANG C A,THAM L G,LEE PK K,et al.Numerical studies of the influence of microstructure on rock failure in uniaxial compression Part II:constraint,slenderness and size effect[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(4):571-583.
[14]杨圣奇,苏承东,徐卫亚.岩石材料尺寸效应的试验和理论研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4):112-118.(YANG Shengqi,SU Chengdong,XU Weiya.Experiment and theory study of size effect of rock material[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(4):112-118.(in Chinese))
[15]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.GT/T223561-2009煤与岩石物理力学性质测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GT/T223561-2009 Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010.(in Chinese))
[16]张永振,贾利晓.材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的研究进展[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(9):1-7.(ZHANG Yongzhen,JIA Lixiao.Research development of frictional wear characteristic of materials under dry sliding[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010,35(9):1-7.(in Chinese))
[17]刘建,张永振,杜三明,等.聚四氟乙烯编织复合材料摩擦温度与磨损特性[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(23):90-94.(LIU Jian,ZHANG Yongzhen,DU Sanming,et al.Temperature and friction characteristics of PTFE braided composites[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(23):90-94.(in Chinese))
[18]LI X,SHI L,BAI B,et al.True-triaxial testing techniques of rocks-state of the art and future perspectives[C]//True Triaxial Testing of Rocks.KWASNIEWSKI M,LI X,TAKAHASHI M,ed.London:CRC Press,2012:3-18.
[19]许东俊,幸志坚,李小春,等.RT3型岩石高压真三轴仪的研制[J].岩土力学,1990,11(2):1-14.(XU Dongjun,XING Zhijian,LIXiaochun,et al.Development of RT3 type rock high pressure true triaxial machine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1990,11(2):1-14.(in Chinese))
[20]胡帅,马洪素,任奋华,等.不同卸荷速率下北山花岗岩力学特性试验研究[J].金属矿山,2017,(2):36-42.(HU Shuai,MAHongsu,REN Fenhua,et al.Experimental research on the mechanical properties of Beishan granite under different unloading rates[J].Metal Mine,2017,(2):36-42.(in Chinese))
[21]梁正召,吴宪锴,唐世斌,等.基于各向异性界面单元的岩石端部效应数值模拟[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2018,(3):526-537.(LIANG Zhengzhao,WU Xiankai,TANG Shibin,et al.Numerical simulation on end effect of rock specimens based on the anisotropic interface element model[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2018,(3):526-537.(in Chinese))
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