博弈视角下跨界河流水资源保护协作机制——以太湖流域太浦河为例
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摘要
跨界河流水资源保护利益协调问题是流域水资源管理的难点。以太湖流域典型跨界河流太浦河为例,对比分析上下游水资源保护利益诉求,基于博弈理论,引入外部驱动(流域机构介入、激励约束政策)与内部均衡(生态补偿、断面水质考核)四种协调手段,探讨均衡太浦河上下游利益矛盾、激励上下游实现合作保护的协作机制。结果表明:(1)在引入协调手段的博弈模型中,实现了博弈系统向协作策略(达标,补偿)演化。(2)基于博弈分析结果,协作策略(达标,补偿)的实现与激励约束力度、补偿金额、水权、上游保护成本与效益等因素密切相关。(3)外部驱动机制有利于协调上下游河流功能定位需求差异,并调动上下游加强协作保护的积极性与主动性;内部均衡机制有利于弥补上游水权、产业发展等利益损失,并倒逼太浦河水质达标、保障下游取水安全。(4)构建的太浦河水资源保护协作机制,可为加快推进长三角一体化协同发展,建设流域"清水走廊"提供理论与决策支持参考。
The coordination of interests among stakeholders in water resources management for trans-boundary rivers remains to be a challenge. Taking the Taipu River, a typical transboundary river in the Taihu Lake Basin, as an example, this paper analyzed the interest demands of stakeholders for water resources protection in the upstream and downstream regions of the Taipu River. Based on the game theory, this paper introduced both external driving forces(Watershed Agency Intervention and Incentive and Restraint Policies) and internal equilibrium measures(Ecological Compensation and Sectional Water Quality Assessment) to explore a cooperation mechanism that can mitigate the conflicts and encourage cooperation between the upstream and downstream regions. The results show that:(1) The game cooperative strategy(Reaching Standard, Compensation) is realized in the game model with the coordination methods.(2) Based on the results of game analysis, the realization of the game strategy(Reaching Standard, Compensation) is closely related to the strength of incentives and constraints, the amount of compensation, water rights, upstream protection costs and benefits.(3) The external driving forces can help to coordinate the function orientation difference of upstream and downstream demands of the Taipu River, and to create the enthusiasm and initiative of protection cooperation of the upstream and downstream regions.The internal equilibrium measures can compensate for the loss of upstream water rights and industrial development interests, making the water quality of the Taipu River to meet the safety standard of the downstream water intake.(4) The coordination mechanism of the water resources protection for the Taipu River was constructed, which provides theoretical and decision-making support to accelerate the coordinated development of the Yangtze River Delta and establish a Clean Water Corridor in the Taihu Lake Basin.
The coordination of interests among stakeholders in water resources management for trans-boundary rivers remains to be a challenge. Taking the Taipu River, a typical transboundary river in the Taihu Lake Basin, as an example, this paper analyzed the interest demands of stakeholders for water resources protection in the upstream and downstream regions of the Taipu River. Based on the game theory, this paper introduced both external driving forces(Watershed Agency Intervention and Incentive and Restraint Policies) and internal equilibrium measures(Ecological Compensation and Sectional Water Quality Assessment) to explore a cooperation mechanism that can mitigate the conflicts and encourage cooperation between the upstream and downstream regions. The results show that:(1) The game cooperative strategy(Reaching Standard, Compensation) is realized in the game model with the coordination methods.(2) Based on the results of game analysis, the realization of the game strategy(Reaching Standard, Compensation) is closely related to the strength of incentives and constraints, the amount of compensation, water rights, upstream protection costs and benefits.(3) The external driving forces can help to coordinate the function orientation difference of upstream and downstream demands of the Taipu River, and to create the enthusiasm and initiative of protection cooperation of the upstream and downstream regions.The internal equilibrium measures can compensate for the loss of upstream water rights and industrial development interests, making the water quality of the Taipu River to meet the safety standard of the downstream water intake.(4) The coordination mechanism of the water resources protection for the Taipu River was constructed, which provides theoretical and decision-making support to accelerate the coordinated development of the Yangtze River Delta and establish a Clean Water Corridor in the Taihu Lake Basin.
引文
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[8] MADANI K. Game theory and water resources. Journal of Hydrology, 2010, 381(3-4):225-238.
[9] KUCUKMEHMETOGLU M. An integrative case study approach between game theory and Pareto frontier concepts for the transboundary water resources allocations. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 450-451:308-319.
[10] CABO F, ERDLENBRUCH K, TIDBALL M. Dynamic management of water transfer between two interconnected river basins. Resource and Energy Economics, 2014, 37:17-38.
[11]谭东烜.太湖流域水环境保护利益相关者博弈研究.南京:南京大学, 2016.[TAN D X. Game theory study on stakeholders of water environment protection in Taihu Lake Basin. Nanjing:Nanjing University, 2016.]
[12] ANSINK E, RUIJS A. Climate change and the stability of water allocation agreements. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2008, 41(2):249-266.
[13] WANG L, FANG L, HIPEL K W. Basin-wide cooperative water resources allocation. European Journal of Operational Research, 2008, 190(3):798-817.
[14] SHI G M, WANG J N, ZHANG B, et al. Pollution control costs of a transboundary river basin:Empirical tests of the fairness and stability of cost allocation mechanisms using game theory. Journal of environmental management, 2016,177:145-152.
[15]赖苹,曹国华,朱勇.基于合作博弈的流域水污染治理成本分摊研究.生态与农村环境学报, 2011, 27(6):26-31.[LAI P, CAO G H, ZHU Y. Cost sharing of watershed water pollution abatement based on cooperative game. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2011, 27(6):26-31.]
[16]曹洪华,景鹏,王荣成.生态补偿过程动态演化机制及其稳定策略研究.自然资源学报, 2013, 28(9):1547-1555.[CAO H H, JING P, WANG R C. The dynamic evolution mechanism of ecological compensation and its stable strategy research. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(9):1547-1555.]
[17]胡振华,刘景月,钟美瑞,等.基于演化博弈的跨界流域生态补偿利益均衡分析:以漓江流域为例.经济地理, 2016,36(6):42-49.[HU Z H, LIU J Y, ZHONG M R, et al. Interests balance of trans-boundary river basin ecological compensation based on evolutionary game theory:Taking Lijiang Basin as a case. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(6):42-49.]
[18]潘峰,西宝,王琳.地方政府间环境规制策略的演化博弈分析.中国人口·资源与环境, 2014, 24(6):97-102.[PAN F,XI B, WANG L. Evolutionary game analysis of environmental regulation strategy between local governments. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2014, 24(6):97-102.]
[19]李胜,陈晓春.基于府际博弈的跨行政区流域水污染治理困境分析.中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(12):108-113.[LI S, CHEN X C. Governance dilemma of trans-district water pollution:an intergovernmental game perspective. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(12):108-113.]
[20]易志斌.国内跨界水污染治理研究综述.水资源与水工程学报, 2013, 24(2):109-113.[YI Z B. Review of governance research on trans-boundary water pollution in China. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering, 2013, 24(2):109-113.]
[21]黄德春,华坚,周燕萍.长三角跨界水污染治理机制研究.南京:南京大学出版社, 2010.[HUANG D C, HUA J,ZHOU Y P. Study on The Mechanism of Trans-boundary Water Pollution Control in the Yangtze River Delta. Nanjing:Nanjing University Press, 2010.]
[22]赖苹.基于合作博弈理论的跨行政区流域水污染治理机制研究.重庆:重庆大学, 2015.[LAI P. Research on water pollution abatement mechanism of trans-district river basin based on cooperative games theory. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2015.]
[23]孙嘉夏.上海“潜在水源地”锑超标,苏州吴江印染企业停、限产. http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2014-08-11/855099.html, 2014-08-11.[SUN J X."Potential water sources"in Shanghai excess antimony, and the production of printing and dyeing enterprises in Wujiang district, Suzhou city, was discontinued and restricted. http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2014-08-11/855099.html, 2014-08-11.]
[24]孙晓宇,杨雾晨,唐晓迪,等.太浦河流域锑污染环境风险评估.环境保护科学, 2017, 43(3):120-124.[SUN X Y,YANG W C, TANG X D, et al. Environmental risk assessment of antimony pollution in Taipu River Basin. Environmental Protection Science, 2017, 43(3):120-124.]
[25]戴晶晶,陈红,彭焱梅,等.太浦闸水量水质联合调度对金泽水库水质影响.水利水运工程学报, 2017,(4):20-27.[DAI J J, CHEN H, PENG Y M, et al. Impacts of water quantity and quality joint operation for Taipu sluice on water quality in Jinze Reservoir. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2017,(4):20-27.]
[26]牛小丹.基于上下游合作的跨界河流水环境保护研究:以太湖流域太浦河为例.上海:华东师范大学, 2018.[NIU X D. Study on transboundary river environment protection based on the cooperation of the upstream and downstream:A case study of Taipu River in Taihu Basin. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2018.]
[27]李宁,王磊,张建清.基于博弈理论的流域生态补偿利益相关方决策行为研究.统计与决策, 2017, 33(23):54-59.[LI N, WANG L, ZHANG J Q. The decision-making behavior of stakeholders on basin ecological compensation based on game theory. Statistics&Decision, 2017, 33(23):54-59.]
[28] FRIEDMAN D. Evolutionary games in economics. Econometrica, 1991, 59(3):637-666.
[29]葛颜祥,梁丽娟,接玉梅.水源地生态补偿机制的构建与运作研究.农业经济问题, 2006,(9):22-27.[GE Y X, LIANG L J, JIE Y M. Building up a mechanism of ecological compensation for the waterhead region and its operation. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2006,(9):22-27.]
[2]陈湘满.论流域开发管理中的区域利益协调.经济地理, 2002, 22(5):525-528.[CHAN X M. The coordination among regional profits in the river basin development and management. Economic Geography, 2002, 22(5):525-528.]
[3]吕添贵,吴次芳,陈美球,等.基于博弈视角的鄱阳湖流域经济协调机制及路径选择.自然资源学报, 2014, 29(9):1465-1474.[LYU T G, WU C F, CHEN M Q, et al. Study on path selection of economic coordination mechanism in Poyang Lake Basin based on game theory. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(9):1465-1474.]
[4]李浩,刘陶,黄薇.跨界水资源冲突动因与协调模式研究.自然资源学报, 2010, 25(5):705-712.[LI H, LIU T,HUANG W. Analysis of motivation and mediation framework for trans-boundary water conflict. Journal of Natural Resources, 2010, 25(5):705-712.]
[5]沈大军,王浩,蒋云钟.流域管理机构:国际比较分析及对我国的建议.自然资源学报, 2004, 19(1):86-95.[SHEN D J, WANG H, JIANG Y Z. Riverbasin management organization:An international comparison and suggestions on China.Journal of Natural Resources, 2004, 19(1):86-95.]
[6]何伟军,蔡艳伟,袁亮.跨区域生态合作利益冲突的动态演化博弈分析.环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(4):193-199.[HE W J, CAI Y W, YUAN L. Dynamic evolutionary game analysis of interest conflict in trans-regional ecological protection cooperation. Environmental Science&Technology, 2015, 38(4):193-199.]
[7]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.上海:上海三联书店, 2004.[ZHANG W Y. Game Theory and Information Economics.Shang:Shanghai SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2004.]
[8] MADANI K. Game theory and water resources. Journal of Hydrology, 2010, 381(3-4):225-238.
[9] KUCUKMEHMETOGLU M. An integrative case study approach between game theory and Pareto frontier concepts for the transboundary water resources allocations. Journal of Hydrology, 2012, 450-451:308-319.
[10] CABO F, ERDLENBRUCH K, TIDBALL M. Dynamic management of water transfer between two interconnected river basins. Resource and Energy Economics, 2014, 37:17-38.
[11]谭东烜.太湖流域水环境保护利益相关者博弈研究.南京:南京大学, 2016.[TAN D X. Game theory study on stakeholders of water environment protection in Taihu Lake Basin. Nanjing:Nanjing University, 2016.]
[12] ANSINK E, RUIJS A. Climate change and the stability of water allocation agreements. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2008, 41(2):249-266.
[13] WANG L, FANG L, HIPEL K W. Basin-wide cooperative water resources allocation. European Journal of Operational Research, 2008, 190(3):798-817.
[14] SHI G M, WANG J N, ZHANG B, et al. Pollution control costs of a transboundary river basin:Empirical tests of the fairness and stability of cost allocation mechanisms using game theory. Journal of environmental management, 2016,177:145-152.
[15]赖苹,曹国华,朱勇.基于合作博弈的流域水污染治理成本分摊研究.生态与农村环境学报, 2011, 27(6):26-31.[LAI P, CAO G H, ZHU Y. Cost sharing of watershed water pollution abatement based on cooperative game. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2011, 27(6):26-31.]
[16]曹洪华,景鹏,王荣成.生态补偿过程动态演化机制及其稳定策略研究.自然资源学报, 2013, 28(9):1547-1555.[CAO H H, JING P, WANG R C. The dynamic evolution mechanism of ecological compensation and its stable strategy research. Journal of Natural Resources, 2013, 28(9):1547-1555.]
[17]胡振华,刘景月,钟美瑞,等.基于演化博弈的跨界流域生态补偿利益均衡分析:以漓江流域为例.经济地理, 2016,36(6):42-49.[HU Z H, LIU J Y, ZHONG M R, et al. Interests balance of trans-boundary river basin ecological compensation based on evolutionary game theory:Taking Lijiang Basin as a case. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(6):42-49.]
[18]潘峰,西宝,王琳.地方政府间环境规制策略的演化博弈分析.中国人口·资源与环境, 2014, 24(6):97-102.[PAN F,XI B, WANG L. Evolutionary game analysis of environmental regulation strategy between local governments. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2014, 24(6):97-102.]
[19]李胜,陈晓春.基于府际博弈的跨行政区流域水污染治理困境分析.中国人口·资源与环境, 2011, 21(12):108-113.[LI S, CHEN X C. Governance dilemma of trans-district water pollution:an intergovernmental game perspective. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2011, 21(12):108-113.]
[20]易志斌.国内跨界水污染治理研究综述.水资源与水工程学报, 2013, 24(2):109-113.[YI Z B. Review of governance research on trans-boundary water pollution in China. Journal of Water Resources&Water Engineering, 2013, 24(2):109-113.]
[21]黄德春,华坚,周燕萍.长三角跨界水污染治理机制研究.南京:南京大学出版社, 2010.[HUANG D C, HUA J,ZHOU Y P. Study on The Mechanism of Trans-boundary Water Pollution Control in the Yangtze River Delta. Nanjing:Nanjing University Press, 2010.]
[22]赖苹.基于合作博弈理论的跨行政区流域水污染治理机制研究.重庆:重庆大学, 2015.[LAI P. Research on water pollution abatement mechanism of trans-district river basin based on cooperative games theory. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2015.]
[23]孙嘉夏.上海“潜在水源地”锑超标,苏州吴江印染企业停、限产. http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2014-08-11/855099.html, 2014-08-11.[SUN J X."Potential water sources"in Shanghai excess antimony, and the production of printing and dyeing enterprises in Wujiang district, Suzhou city, was discontinued and restricted. http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2014-08-11/855099.html, 2014-08-11.]
[24]孙晓宇,杨雾晨,唐晓迪,等.太浦河流域锑污染环境风险评估.环境保护科学, 2017, 43(3):120-124.[SUN X Y,YANG W C, TANG X D, et al. Environmental risk assessment of antimony pollution in Taipu River Basin. Environmental Protection Science, 2017, 43(3):120-124.]
[25]戴晶晶,陈红,彭焱梅,等.太浦闸水量水质联合调度对金泽水库水质影响.水利水运工程学报, 2017,(4):20-27.[DAI J J, CHEN H, PENG Y M, et al. Impacts of water quantity and quality joint operation for Taipu sluice on water quality in Jinze Reservoir. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2017,(4):20-27.]
[26]牛小丹.基于上下游合作的跨界河流水环境保护研究:以太湖流域太浦河为例.上海:华东师范大学, 2018.[NIU X D. Study on transboundary river environment protection based on the cooperation of the upstream and downstream:A case study of Taipu River in Taihu Basin. Shanghai:East China Normal University, 2018.]
[27]李宁,王磊,张建清.基于博弈理论的流域生态补偿利益相关方决策行为研究.统计与决策, 2017, 33(23):54-59.[LI N, WANG L, ZHANG J Q. The decision-making behavior of stakeholders on basin ecological compensation based on game theory. Statistics&Decision, 2017, 33(23):54-59.]
[28] FRIEDMAN D. Evolutionary games in economics. Econometrica, 1991, 59(3):637-666.
[29]葛颜祥,梁丽娟,接玉梅.水源地生态补偿机制的构建与运作研究.农业经济问题, 2006,(9):22-27.[GE Y X, LIANG L J, JIE Y M. Building up a mechanism of ecological compensation for the waterhead region and its operation. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2006,(9):22-27.]
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