西湖凹陷低渗-致密砂岩气藏储层特征及差异成因
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摘要
西湖凹陷X气田花港组主要为辫状河沉积,储层整体为低渗-致密,内部发育常规物性"甜点"。从岩心分析化验资料(包括孔渗、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X-射线衍射分析等)出发,评价了研究区储层微观特征,细分了储层沉积微相并总结出不同微相的差异及成因,进一步预测了"甜点"的分布。研究区共发育5种沉积微相,其中粗粒心滩和砾质辫状水道微相带岩石抗压实作用强,原生孔保存好,溶蚀作用发育且黏土矿物以衬里型绿泥石为主,共同抑制破坏性成岩作用,从而形成"甜点";细粒微相带岩石抗压实作用弱,流体流通不畅,溶蚀作用的产物迁移受阻,在原地形成搭桥状-丝缕状伊利石,从而造成储层致密化。粗粒心滩为研究区最佳的沉积微相,粗粒心滩型"甜点"广泛发育于辫状水道中,在研究区东部与南部发育,可进行井位部署。
Huagang Formation of X gas field in Xihu sag is mainly braided river sedimentation, where low permeability-tight reservoir is developed, with conventional physical properties "sweet spot" developed inside. According to the core analysis and experimental data(including pore permeability, casting thin slice, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals, etc.), the microscopic characteristics of the reservoir in the study area were evaluated, and the reservoir sedimentary microfacies were subdivided, and the differences and causes of different microfacies were summarized, so as to further predict the distribution of "sweet spot". There are five sedimentary microfacies developed in the study area. Among them, the microfacies belt of coarse-grained beach and gravel braided channel have strong compaction, with primary pores and dissolution well preserved; the clay minerals are dominated by liner chlorite, which jointly inhibit destructive diagenesis and thus form a "sweet spot". The rock in the fine-grained microfacies belt has weak compaction resistance, poor fluid flow, blocked migration of dissolution products, causing bridging-wire-like illite development and reservoir densification. Coarse-grained beach is the best sedimentary microfacies in the study area, and the "sweet spot" of coarse-grained beach type is widely developed in braided channel. It mainly develops in the east and south of the study area, favorable for well deployment.
Huagang Formation of X gas field in Xihu sag is mainly braided river sedimentation, where low permeability-tight reservoir is developed, with conventional physical properties "sweet spot" developed inside. According to the core analysis and experimental data(including pore permeability, casting thin slice, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals, etc.), the microscopic characteristics of the reservoir in the study area were evaluated, and the reservoir sedimentary microfacies were subdivided, and the differences and causes of different microfacies were summarized, so as to further predict the distribution of "sweet spot". There are five sedimentary microfacies developed in the study area. Among them, the microfacies belt of coarse-grained beach and gravel braided channel have strong compaction, with primary pores and dissolution well preserved; the clay minerals are dominated by liner chlorite, which jointly inhibit destructive diagenesis and thus form a "sweet spot". The rock in the fine-grained microfacies belt has weak compaction resistance, poor fluid flow, blocked migration of dissolution products, causing bridging-wire-like illite development and reservoir densification. Coarse-grained beach is the best sedimentary microfacies in the study area, and the "sweet spot" of coarse-grained beach type is widely developed in braided channel. It mainly develops in the east and south of the study area, favorable for well deployment.
引文
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[11] 赵仲祥,董春梅,林承焰,等.西湖凹陷深层低渗-致密气藏甜点类型划分及成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):778-790.ZHAO Zhongxiang,DONG Chunmei,LIN Chengyan,et al.Classification and origin of “sweet spots” in deep low permeability tight gas reservoirs,Xihu Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin [J].Oil & Gas Geology ,2018,39(4):778-790.
[12] 张银国.东海西湖凹陷花港组油气地质条件与油气分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(3):223-241.ZHANG Yinguo.Petroleum geology and hydrocarbon distribution pattern of Huagang Formation in the Xihu sag of the East China Sea [J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2010,32(3):223-241.
[13] 张武,徐发,徐国盛,等.西湖凹陷某构造花港组致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(2):122-129.ZHANG Wu,XU Fa,XU Guosheng,et al.Diagenesis and pore evolution of Huagang Formation tight sandstone reservoirs in a structure of Xihu depression in East China Sea Basin [J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2012,39(2):122-129.
[14] 刘勇,徐国盛,曾兵,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷花港组储层孔隙演化与油气充注关系[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(2):168-176.LIU Yong,XU Guosheng,ZENG Bing,et al.Relationship between porosity evolution and hydrocarbon charging in tight sandstone reservoirs in Oligocene Huagang Formation,Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin [J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2018,40(2):168-176.
[15] 付行,杜学斌,徐国盛,等.东海宁波构造带深层花港组砂岩储层致密性特征及控制因素[J].海洋石油,2018,38(1):1-8.FU Hang,DU Xuebin,XU Guosheng,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir of Huagang Formation in the Ningbo Tectonic Belt of Xihu Sag [J].Offshore Oil,2018,38(1):1-8.
[16] 苏奥,陈红汉,王存武,等.低渗致密砂岩储层的致密化机理与成岩流体演化:以东海西湖凹陷中央背斜带北部花港组为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):972-981,1029.SU Ao,CHEN Honghan,WANG Cunwu,et al.Densification mechanism and diagenesis fluid evolution of low-porosity and low-permeability tight sandstone reservoir:An example from Huagang Formation in the northern of the central anticlinal zone in Xihu depression,East China Sea[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2016,45(5):972-981,1029.
[17] GILES M R,BOER R B.Origin and significance of redistributional secondary porosity[J].Marine Petrol Geol,1990,7(3):378-397.
[18] SAIGAL G C,BJORLYKKE K,LARTER S.The effect of oil emplacement on diagenetic processes-examples from the Fulmar reservoir sandstones,Central North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(7):1024-1033.
[2] 邹才能,非常规油气地质[M].2版.北京:地质出版社,2013.
[3] 张国华,刘金水,秦兰芝,等.西湖凹陷渐新统花港组大型辫状河沉积体系特征[J].中国海上油气,2018,30(3):10-18.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.03.002.ZHANG Guohua,LIU Jinshui,QIN Lanzhi,et al.Characteristics of the large braided river depositional system of the Oligocene Huagang Formation in the Xihu sag[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2018,30(3):10-18.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2018.03.002.
[4] 邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望:以中国致密油和致密气为例[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):173-187.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Types,characteristics,genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations:Taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):173-187.
[5] 朱如凯,白斌,崔景伟,等.非常规油气致密储集层微观结构研究进展[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):615-623.ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,CUI Jingwei,et al.Research advances of microstructure in unconventional tight oil and gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):615-623.
[6] 朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐,等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理:以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39(3),327-339.ZHU Rukai,ZOU Caineng,ZHANG Nai,et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sand-stone gas reservoirs:A case study of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),2008,51(9):1340-1353.
[7] 朱筱敏,潘荣,朱世发,等.致密储层研究进展和热点问题分析[J].地学前缘,2018,25(2):141-146.ZHU Xiaomin,PAN Rong,ZHU Shifa,et al.Research progress and coreissues in tight reservoir exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2018,25(2):141-146
[8] 林承焰,孙小龙,马存飞,等.西湖凹陷中央反转构造带花港组储层物性演化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):820-829.LIN Chengyan,SUN Xiaolong,MA Cunfei,et al.Physical property evolution of Huagang Formation in central inversion tectonic belt in Xihu Depression [J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2017,46(4):820-829.
[9] 高伟中,孙鹏,赵洪,等.西湖凹陷花港组深部储层特征及控制因素[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(4):396-404.GAO Weizhong,SUN Peng,ZHAO Hong,et al.Study of deep reservoirs characters and main control factors of Huagang Formation in Xihu Sag,East China Sea[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2016,43(4):396-404.
[10] 蔡全升,胡明毅,胡忠贵,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷中央隆起带古近系花港组储层特征及成岩孔隙演化[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(4):733-740.CAI Quansheng,HU Mingyi,HU Zhonggui,et al.Reservoir characteristics and evolution of diagenetic porosity of Huagang Formation of Paleogene in the central anticlinal belt of Xihu Sag,Donghai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(4):733-740.
[11] 赵仲祥,董春梅,林承焰,等.西湖凹陷深层低渗-致密气藏甜点类型划分及成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(4):778-790.ZHAO Zhongxiang,DONG Chunmei,LIN Chengyan,et al.Classification and origin of “sweet spots” in deep low permeability tight gas reservoirs,Xihu Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin [J].Oil & Gas Geology ,2018,39(4):778-790.
[12] 张银国.东海西湖凹陷花港组油气地质条件与油气分布规律[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(3):223-241.ZHANG Yinguo.Petroleum geology and hydrocarbon distribution pattern of Huagang Formation in the Xihu sag of the East China Sea [J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2010,32(3):223-241.
[13] 张武,徐发,徐国盛,等.西湖凹陷某构造花港组致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(2):122-129.ZHANG Wu,XU Fa,XU Guosheng,et al.Diagenesis and pore evolution of Huagang Formation tight sandstone reservoirs in a structure of Xihu depression in East China Sea Basin [J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition),2012,39(2):122-129.
[14] 刘勇,徐国盛,曾兵,等.东海盆地西湖凹陷花港组储层孔隙演化与油气充注关系[J].石油实验地质,2018,40(2):168-176.LIU Yong,XU Guosheng,ZENG Bing,et al.Relationship between porosity evolution and hydrocarbon charging in tight sandstone reservoirs in Oligocene Huagang Formation,Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin [J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2018,40(2):168-176.
[15] 付行,杜学斌,徐国盛,等.东海宁波构造带深层花港组砂岩储层致密性特征及控制因素[J].海洋石油,2018,38(1):1-8.FU Hang,DU Xuebin,XU Guosheng,et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoir of Huagang Formation in the Ningbo Tectonic Belt of Xihu Sag [J].Offshore Oil,2018,38(1):1-8.
[16] 苏奥,陈红汉,王存武,等.低渗致密砂岩储层的致密化机理与成岩流体演化:以东海西湖凹陷中央背斜带北部花港组为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):972-981,1029.SU Ao,CHEN Honghan,WANG Cunwu,et al.Densification mechanism and diagenesis fluid evolution of low-porosity and low-permeability tight sandstone reservoir:An example from Huagang Formation in the northern of the central anticlinal zone in Xihu depression,East China Sea[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2016,45(5):972-981,1029.
[17] GILES M R,BOER R B.Origin and significance of redistributional secondary porosity[J].Marine Petrol Geol,1990,7(3):378-397.
[18] SAIGAL G C,BJORLYKKE K,LARTER S.The effect of oil emplacement on diagenetic processes-examples from the Fulmar reservoir sandstones,Central North Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,1992,76(7):1024-1033.
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