基于FDOA的无源定位算法研究现状与展望
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摘要
为更好地解决在时间和方向测量精度低的情况下,仅利用到达频差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)进行定位求解的问题,对基于FDOA的无源定位算法现状和发展方向进行分析。在阐述FDOA无源定位基本原理的基础上,分析了定位问题的本质和定位算法的分类方法,结合基于定位观测量数据的定位算法和接收信号直接定位法的国内外研究现状,分析了FDOA无源定位算法存在的问题,指明了基于FDOA的定位算法的未来研究方向。该研究可为基于FDOA定位算法的研究提供参考依据。
In order to better solve the problem of passive localization using frequency difference of arrival(FDOA) only,in the case of low time and direction measurements precision, the research status and development direction of passive localization methods based on FDOA are analyzed. On the basis of expounding the basic principles of FDOA passive localization, the nature of localization problems and the classification of localization methods are analyzed. The problems in the localization methods using measurement data and the direct position determination methods using received signals are analyzed respectively, through the summary and comparison of research status at home and abroad, and the future research directions of the FDOA-based localization methods are pointed out. This study can provide reference for the research of passive localization methods based on FDOA.
In order to better solve the problem of passive localization using frequency difference of arrival(FDOA) only,in the case of low time and direction measurements precision, the research status and development direction of passive localization methods based on FDOA are analyzed. On the basis of expounding the basic principles of FDOA passive localization, the nature of localization problems and the classification of localization methods are analyzed. The problems in the localization methods using measurement data and the direct position determination methods using received signals are analyzed respectively, through the summary and comparison of research status at home and abroad, and the future research directions of the FDOA-based localization methods are pointed out. This study can provide reference for the research of passive localization methods based on FDOA.
引文
[1]田中成,刘聪锋.无源定位技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2015:8-12.
[2]刘永坚,贾兴江,周一宇.运动多站无源定位技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2015:1-14.
[3]徐世友,陈曾平.机会照射源雷达系统中外辐射源的选择[J].现代雷达,2007,29(10):16-19.
[4]薛艳荣.基于时差频差的双星无源定位方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014:8-9,14-15.
[5]STANSFIELD R G.Statistical theory of DF fixing[J].Electrical Engineers-Part IIIA:Radiocommunication,Journal of the Institution of,1947,94(15):762-770.
[6]CHAN Y T,HO K.A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994,42(8):1905-1915.
[7]STATMAN J I,RODEMICH E R.Parameter estimation based on Doppler frequency shifts[J].IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems,1987,23(1):31-39.
[8]席林东,占明峰,刑昌风.基于多声纳基阵FDOA的联合定位技术及精度分析[J].船舶电子工程,2008(9):91-96.
[9]孙仲康.单多基地有源无源定位技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996:109-116.
[10]KALKAN Y,BAYKAL B.Target localization and velocity estimation methods for frequency-only MIMORadars[C].Radar Conference.IEEE,2010:458-463.
[11]STEIN S.Algorithms for ambiguity function processing[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech&Signal Processing,1981,29(3):588-599.
[12]李华.多站差分多普勒定位技术[J].电子信息对抗技术,1998(6):15-22.
[13]KNAPP C,CARTER G.The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay[J].IEEETransactions on Acoustics Speech&Signal Processing,1976,24(4):320-327.
[14]SCARBROUGH K,AHMED N,CARTER G.On the simulation of a class of time delay estimation algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech&Signal Processing,1981,29(3):534-540.
[15]QUO F,HO K C.A quadratic constraint solution method for TDOA and FDOA localization[J].2011,125(3):2588-2591.
[16]Bistatic radars:Emerging technology[M].John Wiley&Sons,2008:264-268.
[17]李万春.外辐射源定位跟踪技术的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2009:58-62.
[18]WEISS A J.Direct position determination of narrowband radio frequency transmitters[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2004,11(5):513-516.
[19]CHAN Y T,JARDINE F L.Target localization and tracking from Doppler-shift measurements[J].IEEEJournal of Oceanic Engineering,1990,15(3):251-257.
[20]CHAN Y T,TOWERS J J.Passive localization from Doppler shifted frequency measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1992,40(10):2594-2598.
[21]CHAN Y T.A 1-D search solution for localization from frequency measurements[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1994,19(3):431-437.
[22]KALKAN Y,BAYKAL B.MIMO radar target localization by using Doppler shift measurement[C].Radar Conference,2009.EuRAD 2009.European.IEEE,2009:489-492.
[23]张威,吴佟,张更新.一种最大似然网格搜索卫星FDOA辐射源定位算法[J].无线电通信技术,2014,40(3):58-60.
[24]KIM Y,LING H.Tracking a moving target with multiple doppler sensors using an artificial neural network[C]//IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.IEEE,2007:1477-1480.
[25]曹爱华,李万春,李立萍.基于差分进化与遗传算法的多普勒外辐射源定位算法研究[J].信号处理,2009,25(10):1644-1648.
[26]STATMAN J I,RODEMICH E R.Parameter Estimation Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts[J].IEEETransactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,1987,23(1):31-39.
[27]BECKER K.An efficient method of passive emitter location[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,1992,28(4):1091-1104.
[28]CHAN Y T,TOWERS J J.Sequential localization of a radiating source by Doppler-shifted frequency measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1992,28(4):1084-1090.
[29]郭艳丽,杨绍全.差分多普勒无源定位[J].电子信息对抗技术,2002,17(6):20-23.
[30]卢鑫,朱伟强,郑同良.多普勒频差无源定位方法研究[J],航天电子对抗,2008(3):40-43.
[31]张波,石昭祥.差分多普勒定位技术的仿真研究[J].电光与控制,2009(3):13-16.
[32]ZHANG W,ZHANG G.Geolocation Algorithm of Interference Sources from FDOA Measurements Using Satellites Based on Taylor Series Expansion[C].IEEE,Vehicular Technology Conference.IEEE,2016:1-5.
[33]KALANTARI A,MALEKI S,CHATZINOTAS S,et al.Frequency of arrival-based interference localization using a single satellite[C].Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 14th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop(ASMS/SPSC),20168th.IEEE,2016:1-6.
[34]刁鸣,王越.基于多普勒频率变化率的无源定位算法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(5):696-698.
[35]郭福成.基于运动学原理的单站无源定位与跟踪关键技术研究[D].长沙:中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学,2002:60-62.
[36]田由甲,张冠杰.基于多普勒频率变化率的固定单站定位算法研究[J].无线电通信技术,2016,42(4):61-64.
[37]SONG T,SPEYER J.A stochastic analysis of a modified gain extended Kalman filter with applications to estimation with bearings only measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Automatic Control,1985,30(10):940-949.
[38]WELLMAN,WILLIAM H,ERIC J,et al.Iterative kalman filtering:U.S.Patent No.9,606,848[P].28 Mar.2017.
[39]XIAO Y C,WEI P,YUAN T.Doppler frequency-only and T2/R radar based moving target location[C].2006 CIEInternational Conference on Radar.IEEE,2006:1-4.
[40]袁汀,肖扬灿,魏平.利用多普勒信息的无源相干定位技术[J].电子对抗,2006(3):1-5.
[41]DU Y S,WEI P,LI W C,et al.Doppler Shift Based Target Localization Using Semidefinite Relaxation[J].Ieice Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications&Computer Sciences,2014,97(1):397-400.
[42]DU Y S,WEI P,ZHANG H G,et al.A Semidefinite Programming Approach to Source Localization Using Differential Received Signal Strength[J].Ieice Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications&Computer Sciences,2015,98(2):745-748.
[43]STURM J F.Using SeDuMi 1.02,a MATLAB toolbox for optimization over symmetric cones[J].Optimization methods and software,1999,11(1-4):625-653.
[44]TüTüNCüR H,TOH K C,TODD M J.Solving semidefinite-quadratic-linear programs using SDPT3[J].Mathematical Programming,2003,95(2):189-217.
[45]WANG Y,WU Y.An efficient semidefinite relaxation algorithm for moving source localization using TDOAand FDOA measurements[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2017,21(1):80-83.
[46]CHAN Y T,HO K C.A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location[J].IEEE Transactions on signal processing,1994,42(8):1905-1915.
[47]JINZHOU L I.Performance Analysis for Passive Source Localization Using Merely FDOA Measurements with Erroneous Receiver Positions[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(8):1497-1505.
[48]JINZHOU L I,GUO F,JIANG W,et al.ALinear-correction Least-squares Approach for Geolocation Using FDOA Measurements Only[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2012,25(5):709-714.
[49]李金洲,郭福成.传感器位置误差条件下仅用到达频率差的无源定位性能分析[J].航空学报,2011,32(8):1497-1505.
[50]AMAR A,WEISS A J.Localization of Narrowband Radio Emitters Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts[J].IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,2008,56(11):5500-5508.
[51]郁涛.对水下目标的多普勒直接定位[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2011,6(3):328-330.
[52]SKOLNIK M I.An Analysis of Bistatic Radar[J].Aerospace&Navigational Electronics Ire Transactions on,1961,ANE-8(1):19-27.
[53]SHAMES I,BISHOP A N,SMITH M,et al.Doppler Shift Target Localization[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,2012,49(1):266-276.
[54]YARO A S,MUHAMMED S,SALISU S,et al.Reference Sensor Selection for Improved Instantaneous Velocity Estimation Using Frequency Difference of Arrival Measurement[J].ATBU Journal of Science,Technology and Education,2018,5(4):117-125.
[55]LI J,PANG H,GUO F,et al.Localization of multiple disjoint sources with prior knowledge on source locations in the presence of sensor location errors[J].Digital Signal Processing,2015,40:181-197.
[56]MIKHALEV A,ORMONDROYD R.Passive emitter geolocation using agent-based data fusion of AOA,TDOA and FDOA measurements[C]//International Conference on Information Fusion.IEEE,2007:1-6.
[57]LI W,TANG Q,HUANG C,et al.Location Algorithms for Moving Target in Noncoherent Distributed Multiple Input Multiple Output Radar Systems[J].Iet Signal Processing,2017,11(5):503-514.
[58]肖扬灿.基于唯多谱勒的被动雷达信号处理技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006:77-86.
[2]刘永坚,贾兴江,周一宇.运动多站无源定位技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2015:1-14.
[3]徐世友,陈曾平.机会照射源雷达系统中外辐射源的选择[J].现代雷达,2007,29(10):16-19.
[4]薛艳荣.基于时差频差的双星无源定位方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2014:8-9,14-15.
[5]STANSFIELD R G.Statistical theory of DF fixing[J].Electrical Engineers-Part IIIA:Radiocommunication,Journal of the Institution of,1947,94(15):762-770.
[6]CHAN Y T,HO K.A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1994,42(8):1905-1915.
[7]STATMAN J I,RODEMICH E R.Parameter estimation based on Doppler frequency shifts[J].IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems,1987,23(1):31-39.
[8]席林东,占明峰,刑昌风.基于多声纳基阵FDOA的联合定位技术及精度分析[J].船舶电子工程,2008(9):91-96.
[9]孙仲康.单多基地有源无源定位技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996:109-116.
[10]KALKAN Y,BAYKAL B.Target localization and velocity estimation methods for frequency-only MIMORadars[C].Radar Conference.IEEE,2010:458-463.
[11]STEIN S.Algorithms for ambiguity function processing[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech&Signal Processing,1981,29(3):588-599.
[12]李华.多站差分多普勒定位技术[J].电子信息对抗技术,1998(6):15-22.
[13]KNAPP C,CARTER G.The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay[J].IEEETransactions on Acoustics Speech&Signal Processing,1976,24(4):320-327.
[14]SCARBROUGH K,AHMED N,CARTER G.On the simulation of a class of time delay estimation algorithms[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech&Signal Processing,1981,29(3):534-540.
[15]QUO F,HO K C.A quadratic constraint solution method for TDOA and FDOA localization[J].2011,125(3):2588-2591.
[16]Bistatic radars:Emerging technology[M].John Wiley&Sons,2008:264-268.
[17]李万春.外辐射源定位跟踪技术的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2009:58-62.
[18]WEISS A J.Direct position determination of narrowband radio frequency transmitters[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2004,11(5):513-516.
[19]CHAN Y T,JARDINE F L.Target localization and tracking from Doppler-shift measurements[J].IEEEJournal of Oceanic Engineering,1990,15(3):251-257.
[20]CHAN Y T,TOWERS J J.Passive localization from Doppler shifted frequency measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,1992,40(10):2594-2598.
[21]CHAN Y T.A 1-D search solution for localization from frequency measurements[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1994,19(3):431-437.
[22]KALKAN Y,BAYKAL B.MIMO radar target localization by using Doppler shift measurement[C].Radar Conference,2009.EuRAD 2009.European.IEEE,2009:489-492.
[23]张威,吴佟,张更新.一种最大似然网格搜索卫星FDOA辐射源定位算法[J].无线电通信技术,2014,40(3):58-60.
[24]KIM Y,LING H.Tracking a moving target with multiple doppler sensors using an artificial neural network[C]//IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.IEEE,2007:1477-1480.
[25]曹爱华,李万春,李立萍.基于差分进化与遗传算法的多普勒外辐射源定位算法研究[J].信号处理,2009,25(10):1644-1648.
[26]STATMAN J I,RODEMICH E R.Parameter Estimation Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts[J].IEEETransactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,1987,23(1):31-39.
[27]BECKER K.An efficient method of passive emitter location[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,1992,28(4):1091-1104.
[28]CHAN Y T,TOWERS J J.Sequential localization of a radiating source by Doppler-shifted frequency measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1992,28(4):1084-1090.
[29]郭艳丽,杨绍全.差分多普勒无源定位[J].电子信息对抗技术,2002,17(6):20-23.
[30]卢鑫,朱伟强,郑同良.多普勒频差无源定位方法研究[J],航天电子对抗,2008(3):40-43.
[31]张波,石昭祥.差分多普勒定位技术的仿真研究[J].电光与控制,2009(3):13-16.
[32]ZHANG W,ZHANG G.Geolocation Algorithm of Interference Sources from FDOA Measurements Using Satellites Based on Taylor Series Expansion[C].IEEE,Vehicular Technology Conference.IEEE,2016:1-5.
[33]KALANTARI A,MALEKI S,CHATZINOTAS S,et al.Frequency of arrival-based interference localization using a single satellite[C].Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 14th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop(ASMS/SPSC),20168th.IEEE,2016:1-6.
[34]刁鸣,王越.基于多普勒频率变化率的无源定位算法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(5):696-698.
[35]郭福成.基于运动学原理的单站无源定位与跟踪关键技术研究[D].长沙:中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学,2002:60-62.
[36]田由甲,张冠杰.基于多普勒频率变化率的固定单站定位算法研究[J].无线电通信技术,2016,42(4):61-64.
[37]SONG T,SPEYER J.A stochastic analysis of a modified gain extended Kalman filter with applications to estimation with bearings only measurements[J].IEEETransactions on Automatic Control,1985,30(10):940-949.
[38]WELLMAN,WILLIAM H,ERIC J,et al.Iterative kalman filtering:U.S.Patent No.9,606,848[P].28 Mar.2017.
[39]XIAO Y C,WEI P,YUAN T.Doppler frequency-only and T2/R radar based moving target location[C].2006 CIEInternational Conference on Radar.IEEE,2006:1-4.
[40]袁汀,肖扬灿,魏平.利用多普勒信息的无源相干定位技术[J].电子对抗,2006(3):1-5.
[41]DU Y S,WEI P,LI W C,et al.Doppler Shift Based Target Localization Using Semidefinite Relaxation[J].Ieice Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications&Computer Sciences,2014,97(1):397-400.
[42]DU Y S,WEI P,ZHANG H G,et al.A Semidefinite Programming Approach to Source Localization Using Differential Received Signal Strength[J].Ieice Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications&Computer Sciences,2015,98(2):745-748.
[43]STURM J F.Using SeDuMi 1.02,a MATLAB toolbox for optimization over symmetric cones[J].Optimization methods and software,1999,11(1-4):625-653.
[44]TüTüNCüR H,TOH K C,TODD M J.Solving semidefinite-quadratic-linear programs using SDPT3[J].Mathematical Programming,2003,95(2):189-217.
[45]WANG Y,WU Y.An efficient semidefinite relaxation algorithm for moving source localization using TDOAand FDOA measurements[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2017,21(1):80-83.
[46]CHAN Y T,HO K C.A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location[J].IEEE Transactions on signal processing,1994,42(8):1905-1915.
[47]JINZHOU L I.Performance Analysis for Passive Source Localization Using Merely FDOA Measurements with Erroneous Receiver Positions[J].Acta Aeronautica Et Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(8):1497-1505.
[48]JINZHOU L I,GUO F,JIANG W,et al.ALinear-correction Least-squares Approach for Geolocation Using FDOA Measurements Only[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2012,25(5):709-714.
[49]李金洲,郭福成.传感器位置误差条件下仅用到达频率差的无源定位性能分析[J].航空学报,2011,32(8):1497-1505.
[50]AMAR A,WEISS A J.Localization of Narrowband Radio Emitters Based on Doppler Frequency Shifts[J].IEEETransactions on Signal Processing,2008,56(11):5500-5508.
[51]郁涛.对水下目标的多普勒直接定位[J].中国电子科学研究院学报,2011,6(3):328-330.
[52]SKOLNIK M I.An Analysis of Bistatic Radar[J].Aerospace&Navigational Electronics Ire Transactions on,1961,ANE-8(1):19-27.
[53]SHAMES I,BISHOP A N,SMITH M,et al.Doppler Shift Target Localization[J].IEEE Transactions on Aerospace&Electronic Systems,2012,49(1):266-276.
[54]YARO A S,MUHAMMED S,SALISU S,et al.Reference Sensor Selection for Improved Instantaneous Velocity Estimation Using Frequency Difference of Arrival Measurement[J].ATBU Journal of Science,Technology and Education,2018,5(4):117-125.
[55]LI J,PANG H,GUO F,et al.Localization of multiple disjoint sources with prior knowledge on source locations in the presence of sensor location errors[J].Digital Signal Processing,2015,40:181-197.
[56]MIKHALEV A,ORMONDROYD R.Passive emitter geolocation using agent-based data fusion of AOA,TDOA and FDOA measurements[C]//International Conference on Information Fusion.IEEE,2007:1-6.
[57]LI W,TANG Q,HUANG C,et al.Location Algorithms for Moving Target in Noncoherent Distributed Multiple Input Multiple Output Radar Systems[J].Iet Signal Processing,2017,11(5):503-514.
[58]肖扬灿.基于唯多谱勒的被动雷达信号处理技术研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2006:77-86.
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