中国清洁能源涉外知识产权诉讼的特点与趋势——兼论美国超导诉中国华锐风电案
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摘要
国际气候变化法与国际贸易规则之间的碎片化衔接凸显了清洁能源产业竞争中的知识产权议题。通过梳理美国超导公司与中国华锐风电在中国境内外的一系列知识产权诉讼案件,探讨中国清洁能源领域涉外知识产权诉讼的特点与趋势。境外跨国公司擅于运用知识产权诉讼排挤竞争对手,采用专利诉讼、软件著作权诉讼、商业秘密诉讼以及商标诉讼等多管齐下的诉讼策略。反垄断规则尚未成为中国限制知识产权滥诉的关键工具。境外跨国公司采用择地行诉以获取对其有利的司法判决,给中国的知识产权公正司法提出新的挑战。全球应对气候变化的行动以及中国"一带一路"国家战略的实施为清洁能源全球推广提供了难得的机遇。在这时代背景下,知识产权的作用不仅在于保护私权,亦应可持续性地促成清洁能源的技术转移。
The fragmentation between international climate change law and international trade rules highlights the intellectual property issue in the clean energy industry competition. Based on the empirical case studies between the US company American Superconductor and the Chinese company SINOVEL, the characteristics and trends of foreign-related intellectual property litigations in Chinese clean energy technology market were explored. Foreign multinational companies are good at using intellectual property litigation to crowd out local competitors, and adopting the multi-pronged litigations strategy, including patent litigation, software copyright litigation, trade secret litigation, trademark litigation and etc. The anti-monopoly rules are not the key means to restrict the abuse of intellectual property rights. Foreign multinational companies choose forum shopping to obtain favorable judicial judgments,which poses new challenges to China's intellectual property judicial justice. It is further concluded that under the background of global response to climate change and national strategy of "The Belt and Road Initiative", the role of intellectual property focuses not only on private right protection, but also on sustainable development of technology transfer as well.
The fragmentation between international climate change law and international trade rules highlights the intellectual property issue in the clean energy industry competition. Based on the empirical case studies between the US company American Superconductor and the Chinese company SINOVEL, the characteristics and trends of foreign-related intellectual property litigations in Chinese clean energy technology market were explored. Foreign multinational companies are good at using intellectual property litigation to crowd out local competitors, and adopting the multi-pronged litigations strategy, including patent litigation, software copyright litigation, trade secret litigation, trademark litigation and etc. The anti-monopoly rules are not the key means to restrict the abuse of intellectual property rights. Foreign multinational companies choose forum shopping to obtain favorable judicial judgments,which poses new challenges to China's intellectual property judicial justice. It is further concluded that under the background of global response to climate change and national strategy of "The Belt and Road Initiative", the role of intellectual property focuses not only on private right protection, but also on sustainable development of technology transfer as well.
引文
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[3]ABRAHAM L.Clean energy investment trends 2017[EB/OL].(2018-11-13)[2018-03-24].https://about.bnef.com/clean-energyinvestment/.
[4]UNEP,EPO,ICTSD.Final report of patents and clean energy:bridging the gap between evidence and policy[R].Munich:EPO Graphic Design,2010.
[5]ERIN A.Trial over theft of wind technology spotlights U.S.-China tensions[EB/OL].(2018-11-13)[2018-03-24].https://www.wsj.com/articles/trial-over-theft-of-wind-technology-spotlights-u-s-china-tensions-1515240000.
[6]MATTHEW R.Intellectual property and climate change:inventing clean technologies[M].Massachusetts:Edward Elgar Publishing,2011:82.
[7]MATTHEW R.Intellectual property and clean energy:the Paris agreement and climate change[M].Singapore:Springer Singapore,2018:33-67.
[8]杨宇静.论清洁能源技术转移的知识产权困境及制度创新[C]//徐祥民.中国环境法评论.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2015:162-169.
[9]HESLIN R F,MESITI P.Clean energy patent growth index 2015 year in review[EB/OL].(2018-11-13)[2018-03-09].http://cepgi.typepad.com/files/h0731144-1.pdf.
[10]杨宇静.美国清洁能源专利诉讼及其对中国的启示[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(1):123-128.
[11]JOEL P J,RANPING S.China is leaving the U.S.behind on clean energy investment[EB/OL].(2018-11-13)[2018-03-09].http://www.wri.org/blog/2017/01/china-leaving-us-behind-clean-energy-investment.
[12]杨宇静.论绿色专利加速审查制度及其对中国的启示[J].中国科技论坛,2014(5):124-136.
[13]World Intellectual Property Organization.Intangible capital in global value chains[R].Geneva:WIPO,2017.
[14]肖蔷.华锐风电半年注销八国际子公司[N].中国能源报,2013-07-08(3).
[15]杨宇静.美国清洁能源专利制度改革及其对中国的启示[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2014,16(3):125-131.
[16]KEITH E M,RUTH L O.Intellectual property rights and international technology transfer to address climate change:risks,opportunities and policy options[R].Geneva:ICTSD,2010.
[17]RANDALL R R.The state of patent litigation[J].The Federal Circuit Bar Journal,2012,21(3):331-346.
[18]朱韶斌.中国企业如何应对美国专利诉讼地[J].法人,2017(10):70-72.
[19]GERALDINE A,KARIM D,ROBERT Y,et al.Overcoming barriers to international investment in clean energy[R].Paris:OECDreport,2015:3.
[20]丁金光,张超.“一带一路”建设与国际气候治理[J].现代国际关系,2018(9):53-59.
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