“男工女耕”下务农妇女生活满意度研究——基于安徽省1367个女性样本的分析
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摘要
非农流动中出现的农业女性化现象意味着农村妇女在传统农业向现代农业转型中经济角色的变迁。通过因子分析与AHP层次分析法,利用安徽省1 367个女性调查样本构建务农妇女生活满意度评价机制。研究表明:务农妇女普遍具有较高的生活满意度,乐于接受"男工女耕"的分工模式,并能够积极调动周边资源来克服性别困境与生产障碍,家庭决策、政治民主、性别观念、分工认同、经济收入、务农能力成为影响生活满意度的重要因素。乡村振兴中重新认识女性农民的性别价值,构建性别友好的农业科技培训与传播体系,提升务农妇女的生产决策能力与经营管理水平,积极培育新型女性职业农民。
The feminization of agriculture in non-agricultural flows means that female farmers play an increasingly important role in the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.analysis and AHP analytic hierarchy process,1 367 survey samples from Anhui Province were used to construct a life satisfaction evaluation mechanism for women farmers.Studies have shown that women in agriculture have a higher life satisfaction,are willing to accept the division of labor of"male working and women farming",and can actively mobilize surrounding resources to overcome the gender dilemmas and production barriFamily decision-making,political democracy,gender concept,job identification,economic income,and farming ability are important factors affecting their life satisfaction.It is important to recognize the gender value of female farmers,integrate gender awareness into the agricultural science and technology training and communication system to improve the production decision-making ability and management level of women in agriculture in order to increase the life satisfaction of women farmers and cultivate new female farmers.
The feminization of agriculture in non-agricultural flows means that female farmers play an increasingly important role in the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.analysis and AHP analytic hierarchy process,1 367 survey samples from Anhui Province were used to construct a life satisfaction evaluation mechanism for women farmers.Studies have shown that women in agriculture have a higher life satisfaction,are willing to accept the division of labor of"male working and women farming",and can actively mobilize surrounding resources to overcome the gender dilemmas and production barriFamily decision-making,political democracy,gender concept,job identification,economic income,and farming ability are important factors affecting their life satisfaction.It is important to recognize the gender value of female farmers,integrate gender awareness into the agricultural science and technology training and communication system to improve the production decision-making ability and management level of women in agriculture in order to increase the life satisfaction of women farmers and cultivate new female farmers.
引文
[1]蔡弘,孙宇凡.谁来种地?--对农业劳动力结构变动的观察与思考[M].北京:中国人口出版社,2018:122-143.
[2]BRAUW A D,QIANG L,LIU C,et al Feminization of agriculture in China?Myths surrounding women’s participation in farming[J].China Quarterly,2008(194):327-348.
[3]BRAUW A D.The feminisation of agriculture with Chinese characteristics[J].Journal of Development Studies,2013,49(5):689-704.
[4]ZHANG L,BRAUW A D,ROZELLE S.China’s rural labor market development and its gender implications[J].China Economic Review,2004,15(2):230-247.
[5]SU W,ERIKSSON T,ZHANG L,et al.Off-farm employment and time allocation in on-farm work in rural China from gender perspective[J].China Economic Review,2016,41(C):34-45.
[6]高小贤.当代中国农村劳动力转移及农业女性化趋势[J].社会学研究,1994(2):83-90.
[7]金一虹.非农化过程中的农村妇女[J].社会学研究,1998(5):106-114.
[8]蔡弘,黄鹂.何谓“农业女性化”:讨论与反思[J].农林经济管理学报,2017(5):652-659.
[9]蔡弘,黄鹂.农业女性化下农村妇女生产参与及其生产意愿研究--安徽省调查实例[J].人口与发展,2017,23(2):2-13.
[10]GARTAULA H N,NIEHOF A,VISSER L E.Feminisation of agriculture as an effect of male out-migration:Unexpected outcomes from Jhapa District,Eastern Nepal[J].International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences,2010:565-578.
[11]PATTNAIK I,LAHIRIDUTT K,LOCKIE S,et al.The feminization of agriculture or the feminization of agrarian distress?Tracking the trajectory of women in agriculture in India[J].Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy,2018,23(1):138-155.
[12]RAMAMURTHY P.Why are men doing floral sex work?Gender,cultural reproduction,and the feminization of agriculture[J].Signs,2010,35(2):397-424.
[13]KELKAR G.The feminization of agriculture in Asia:Implications for women’s agency and productivity[EB/OL].http://www.agnet.org/library.php?func=view&id=20110725164020&type_id=4.2009-04-07.
[14]DEERE C D.The feminization of agriculture?Economic restructuring in rural Latin America[D].United Nations Research Institute for Social Development,Geneva:Switzerland,2005.
[15]OSENI G,CORRAL P,GOLDSTEIN M,et al.Explaining gender differentials in agricultural production in Nigeria[J].Agricultural Economics,2015,46(3):285-310.
[16]SLAVCHEVSKA V.Gender differences in agricultural productivity:The case of Tanzania[J].Agricultural Economics,2015,46(3):335-55.
[17][丹]博斯拉普.妇女在经济发展中的角色[M]//陈慧平,译.南京:译林出版社,2010:281.
[18]XING LI,M W LUKE CHEN,BYRON G SPENCER,et al.Dose the marriage market sex ratio affect parental sex selection?Evidence from the Chinese census[J].Journal of Population Economics,2016,29(5):1063-1082.
(1)通常情况下,Cranbach’s alpha系数不超过0.6,认为内部一致信度不足;达到0.7至0.8时表示量表具有相当高的信度,达到0.8至0.9时说明量表信度非常好,这是根据Nunnally(1978)年的概念所确定的。
(2)KOM检验是对采样充足度的测度,值越接近于1说明变量越适合进行因子分析;Bartlett球度检验是检验相关矩阵是否是单位矩阵,P值小于0.05时,说明问卷具有结构效度,适合进行因子分析。
[2]BRAUW A D,QIANG L,LIU C,et al Feminization of agriculture in China?Myths surrounding women’s participation in farming[J].China Quarterly,2008(194):327-348.
[3]BRAUW A D.The feminisation of agriculture with Chinese characteristics[J].Journal of Development Studies,2013,49(5):689-704.
[4]ZHANG L,BRAUW A D,ROZELLE S.China’s rural labor market development and its gender implications[J].China Economic Review,2004,15(2):230-247.
[5]SU W,ERIKSSON T,ZHANG L,et al.Off-farm employment and time allocation in on-farm work in rural China from gender perspective[J].China Economic Review,2016,41(C):34-45.
[6]高小贤.当代中国农村劳动力转移及农业女性化趋势[J].社会学研究,1994(2):83-90.
[7]金一虹.非农化过程中的农村妇女[J].社会学研究,1998(5):106-114.
[8]蔡弘,黄鹂.何谓“农业女性化”:讨论与反思[J].农林经济管理学报,2017(5):652-659.
[9]蔡弘,黄鹂.农业女性化下农村妇女生产参与及其生产意愿研究--安徽省调查实例[J].人口与发展,2017,23(2):2-13.
[10]GARTAULA H N,NIEHOF A,VISSER L E.Feminisation of agriculture as an effect of male out-migration:Unexpected outcomes from Jhapa District,Eastern Nepal[J].International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences,2010:565-578.
[11]PATTNAIK I,LAHIRIDUTT K,LOCKIE S,et al.The feminization of agriculture or the feminization of agrarian distress?Tracking the trajectory of women in agriculture in India[J].Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy,2018,23(1):138-155.
[12]RAMAMURTHY P.Why are men doing floral sex work?Gender,cultural reproduction,and the feminization of agriculture[J].Signs,2010,35(2):397-424.
[13]KELKAR G.The feminization of agriculture in Asia:Implications for women’s agency and productivity[EB/OL].http://www.agnet.org/library.php?func=view&id=20110725164020&type_id=4.2009-04-07.
[14]DEERE C D.The feminization of agriculture?Economic restructuring in rural Latin America[D].United Nations Research Institute for Social Development,Geneva:Switzerland,2005.
[15]OSENI G,CORRAL P,GOLDSTEIN M,et al.Explaining gender differentials in agricultural production in Nigeria[J].Agricultural Economics,2015,46(3):285-310.
[16]SLAVCHEVSKA V.Gender differences in agricultural productivity:The case of Tanzania[J].Agricultural Economics,2015,46(3):335-55.
[17][丹]博斯拉普.妇女在经济发展中的角色[M]//陈慧平,译.南京:译林出版社,2010:281.
[18]XING LI,M W LUKE CHEN,BYRON G SPENCER,et al.Dose the marriage market sex ratio affect parental sex selection?Evidence from the Chinese census[J].Journal of Population Economics,2016,29(5):1063-1082.
(1)通常情况下,Cranbach’s alpha系数不超过0.6,认为内部一致信度不足;达到0.7至0.8时表示量表具有相当高的信度,达到0.8至0.9时说明量表信度非常好,这是根据Nunnally(1978)年的概念所确定的。
(2)KOM检验是对采样充足度的测度,值越接近于1说明变量越适合进行因子分析;Bartlett球度检验是检验相关矩阵是否是单位矩阵,P值小于0.05时,说明问卷具有结构效度,适合进行因子分析。
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