汶川地震后广元地区创伤后应激障碍调查
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摘要
目的了解汶川地震9年后广元地区高二学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)阳性检出情况,为进一步分析震后PTSD持续存在的影响因素、对存在PTSD的学生进行心理干预提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取广元地区地震重灾区和一般灾区的1 492名高二学生为研究对象。采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)和社会支持量表(PSSS)调查PTSD发生率和社会支持情况。结果广元地区高二学生PTSD阳性检出率为3.69%,男生和女生PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(2.24%vs. 5.82%,χ~2=12.47,P<0.01),重灾区和一般灾区PTSD阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(4.89%vs. 2.84%,χ~2=4.27,P<0.05);男生和女生PTSD-SS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(12.71±9.01)分vs.(14.02±8.52)分,t=-6.43,P<0.01];PTSD阳性者和非阳性者PSSS评分比较差异有统计学意义[(57.52±7.53)分vs.(61.11±8.19)分,t=-5.36,P<0.01]。结论汶川地震后9年,广元地区部分高二学生仍存在PTSD症状,创伤暴露程度、性别和社会支持可能与现患PTSD相关。
Objective To detect the positive detection rate of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among high school students in Guangyuan area after 9 years of Wenchuan earthquake, so as to further analysis of the influencing factor of the PTSD after earthquake and to provide references for psychological intervention for students with PTSD.Methods A total of 1 492 senior high school students from severe disaster areas and general disaster areas in Guangyuan were selected as research group by cluster sampling method. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale(PTSD-SS) and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS) were adopted to investigate the incidence of PTSD and social support.Results The positive detection rate of PTSD among the high school students in Guangyuan area was 3.69%, and the difference between male and female students was statistically significant(2.24% vs. 5.82%, χ~2=12.47, P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rates of PTSD between the severe disaster areas and the general disaster areas(4.89% vs. 2.84%, χ~2=4.27, P<0.05). The PTSD-SS scores between male and female students were statistically significant [(12.71±9.01) vs.(14.02±8.52), t=-6.43, P<0.01]. The difference in PSSS scores between students with positive and negative PTSD was statistically significant [(57.52±7.53) vs.(61.11±8.19), t=-5.36, P<0.01]. Conclusion After 9 years of Wenchuan earthquake,there is still PTSD incidence in senior high school students of Guangyuan area,and it is relate to traumatic exposure,gender and social support.
Objective To detect the positive detection rate of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) among high school students in Guangyuan area after 9 years of Wenchuan earthquake, so as to further analysis of the influencing factor of the PTSD after earthquake and to provide references for psychological intervention for students with PTSD.Methods A total of 1 492 senior high school students from severe disaster areas and general disaster areas in Guangyuan were selected as research group by cluster sampling method. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale(PTSD-SS) and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS) were adopted to investigate the incidence of PTSD and social support.Results The positive detection rate of PTSD among the high school students in Guangyuan area was 3.69%, and the difference between male and female students was statistically significant(2.24% vs. 5.82%, χ~2=12.47, P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive detection rates of PTSD between the severe disaster areas and the general disaster areas(4.89% vs. 2.84%, χ~2=4.27, P<0.05). The PTSD-SS scores between male and female students were statistically significant [(12.71±9.01) vs.(14.02±8.52), t=-6.43, P<0.01]. The difference in PSSS scores between students with positive and negative PTSD was statistically significant [(57.52±7.53) vs.(61.11±8.19), t=-5.36, P<0.01]. Conclusion After 9 years of Wenchuan earthquake,there is still PTSD incidence in senior high school students of Guangyuan area,and it is relate to traumatic exposure,gender and social support.
引文
[1] 汪向东,姜经纬.创伤后应激障碍的流行病学特点及危险因素[J].中华流行病学杂志,2002,23(5):334-337.
[2] Yehuda R,McFarlane AC.Conflict between current know ledge about post traumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis[J].Am J psychiatry,1995,152(12):1705-1713.
[3] 张本,王学义,孙贺祥,等.唐山大地震所致孤儿心理创伤后应激障碍的调查[J].中华精神科杂志,2001,33(2):111-114.
[4] 赵丞智,汪向东,高岚,等.张北尚义地震后创伤后应激障碍随访研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(6):361-363.
[5] 赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147.
[6] Wang W,Fu W,Wu J,et al.Prevalence of PTSD and depression among junior middle school students in a rural town far from the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].PLoS One,2012,7(7):e41665.
[7] Fan F,Long K,Zhou Y,et al.Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Psychol Med,2015,45(13):2885-2896.
[8] 林崇德,伍新春,张宇迪,等.汶川地震30个月后中小学生的身心状况研究[J].心理发展与教育,2013,29(6):631-640.
[9] 高宏生,惠武利,兰晓霞,等.SARS患者创伤后应激障碍的随访研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(11):1003-1004,1026.
[10] 刘贤臣,马登岱,刘连启,等.心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表的编制和信度效度研究[J].中国行为医学科学,1998,7(2):93-96.
[11] 汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:131-133.
[12] 王文超,伍新春,周宵.青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的状况与影响因素——汶川地震后的10年探索[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):51-63.
[13] 高宏生,惠武利,兰晓霞,等.SARS患者创伤后应激障碍的随访研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(11):1003-1004,1026.
[14] 戴艳,雷鸣,周宵,等.创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后应激障碍的影响:复原力的调节作用[J].心理发展与教育,2014,30(1):61-67.
[15] Grubaugh AL,Zinzow HM,Pau lL,et al.Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in adults with severe mental illness:a critical review[J].Clin Psychol Rev,2011,31(6):883-899.
[16] Dongling L,Hui C,Ling M,et al.Post-traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among bereaved Tibetan adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake:across-sectional survey in China[J].J Clin Nurs,2017,26(7-8):1095-1105.
[17] 伍新春,王文超,周宵,等.汶川地震8.5年后青少年身心状况研究[J].心理发展与教育,2018,34(1):80-89.
[18] Tolin DF,Foa EB.Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder:a quantitative review of 25 years of research[J].Psychol Bull,2006,132(6):959-992.
[19] Olff M,Langeland W,Draijer N,et al.Gender differences in post traumatic stress disorder[J].Psychol Bull,2007,133(2):183-204.
[2] Yehuda R,McFarlane AC.Conflict between current know ledge about post traumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis[J].Am J psychiatry,1995,152(12):1705-1713.
[3] 张本,王学义,孙贺祥,等.唐山大地震所致孤儿心理创伤后应激障碍的调查[J].中华精神科杂志,2001,33(2):111-114.
[4] 赵丞智,汪向东,高岚,等.张北尚义地震后创伤后应激障碍随访研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(6):361-363.
[5] 赵丞智,李俊福,王明山,等.地震后17个月受灾青少年PTSD及其相关因素[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2001,15(3):145-147.
[6] Wang W,Fu W,Wu J,et al.Prevalence of PTSD and depression among junior middle school students in a rural town far from the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].PLoS One,2012,7(7):e41665.
[7] Fan F,Long K,Zhou Y,et al.Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China[J].Psychol Med,2015,45(13):2885-2896.
[8] 林崇德,伍新春,张宇迪,等.汶川地震30个月后中小学生的身心状况研究[J].心理发展与教育,2013,29(6):631-640.
[9] 高宏生,惠武利,兰晓霞,等.SARS患者创伤后应激障碍的随访研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(11):1003-1004,1026.
[10] 刘贤臣,马登岱,刘连启,等.心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表的编制和信度效度研究[J].中国行为医学科学,1998,7(2):93-96.
[11] 汪向东,王希林,马弘.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版)[M].北京:中国心理卫生杂志社,1999:131-133.
[12] 王文超,伍新春,周宵.青少年创伤后应激障碍和创伤后成长的状况与影响因素——汶川地震后的10年探索[J].北京师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):51-63.
[13] 高宏生,惠武利,兰晓霞,等.SARS患者创伤后应激障碍的随访研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2006,21(11):1003-1004,1026.
[14] 戴艳,雷鸣,周宵,等.创伤暴露程度对中学生创伤后应激障碍的影响:复原力的调节作用[J].心理发展与教育,2014,30(1):61-67.
[15] Grubaugh AL,Zinzow HM,Pau lL,et al.Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in adults with severe mental illness:a critical review[J].Clin Psychol Rev,2011,31(6):883-899.
[16] Dongling L,Hui C,Ling M,et al.Post-traumatic stress disorder and its predictors among bereaved Tibetan adolescents four years after the Yushu earthquake:across-sectional survey in China[J].J Clin Nurs,2017,26(7-8):1095-1105.
[17] 伍新春,王文超,周宵,等.汶川地震8.5年后青少年身心状况研究[J].心理发展与教育,2018,34(1):80-89.
[18] Tolin DF,Foa EB.Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder:a quantitative review of 25 years of research[J].Psychol Bull,2006,132(6):959-992.
[19] Olff M,Langeland W,Draijer N,et al.Gender differences in post traumatic stress disorder[J].Psychol Bull,2007,133(2):183-204.
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