四种HIV抗体检测方法的对比分析

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英文篇名：Comparative analysis of four methods for detection of HIV antibodies 作者：高平 英文作者：GAO Ping;The First People's Hospital of Neijiang City; 关键词：HIV抗体 ; 化学发光法 ; 乳胶层析法 ; 酶联免疫法 ; 免疫印迹法 英文关键词：HIV antibodies;;chemiluminescent;;emulsion chromatography;;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;;western blot 中文刊名：SXLC 英文刊名：Proceeding of Clinical Medicine 机构：内江市第一人民医院; 出版日期：2019-05-10 出版单位：临床医药实践 年：2019 期：v.28;No.292 语种：中文; 页：SXLC201905019 页数：4 CN：05 ISSN：14-1300/R 分类号：51-53+57

摘要

目的:采用化学发光法(CLIA)、乳胶层析法、酶联免疫法(ELISA)和免疫印迹法(WB)进行HIV抗体检测,探讨不同方法学的敏感性和特异性。方法:采用化学发光法对2016年12月—2017年10月门诊和住院患者19 090例血清标本进行检测,筛查阳性标本根据《全国艾滋病检测技术规范(2015年修订版)》要求,再用ELISA法和乳胶层析法进行复检,如均有反应或一个有反应一个无反应,则送疾病预防控制中心(CDC)进行抗体WB试验。结果:化学发光法检测出的150例阳性标本中,乳胶层析法检出阳性96例,阴性54例; ELISA检出阳性99例,阴性51例; WB试验检出阳性105例,阴性45例;前三种方法与WB试验符合率分别为70%、91%和94%。结论:初筛方法均具有假阳性和假阴性,HIV抗体先筛查,后WB试验有利于提高HIV抗体检测结果的准确性。化学发光法检测人血清HIV具有较高的灵敏度,自动化程度高,能够及时为临床送检标本进行HIV筛选;乳胶层析法符合率较高,操作简单,检测时间快,可用于急诊等快速检测; ELISA法灵敏度和特异性均较高,可作为HIV批量筛查。
        Objective: Chemiluminescent( CLIA),latex chromatography,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA)and Western blot( WB) were used to detect HIV antibody in order to explore the sensitivity and specificity of different methods. Methods: By the method of chemiluminescence,from December 2016 to October 2017 in hospital outpatient service,19 090 cases of hospitalized patients with serum specimens for testing,screening positive specimens according to 《the national AIDS testing specification( 2015 revision) 》requirements,again by ELISA method and latex chromatography for recheck,if have a response or a reaction to a no reaction,the CDC antibody WB experiment was carried out. Results: Of the 150 positive specimens detected by chemiluminescence method,96 cases were detected with latex chromatography and 54 were negative. ELISA was tested positive for 102 cases and negative 48 cases. The positive test results showed that 105 were positive and 45 were negative. The first three methods were 70%,96% and 94% respectively. Conclusion: The methods of primary screening were false positive and false negative,HIV antibody was screened first,and then WB experiment was helpful to improve the accuracy of HIV antibody detection. The chemiluminescence assay for human serum HIV has high sensitivity,high automation,and can be used for HIV screening for clinical samples in time,and latex chromatography has the advantages of high coincidence rate,simple operation,quick detection time,and can be used for emergency detection. ELISA assay has high sensitivity and specificity,and can be used as HIV batch screening.

引文

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