青藏高原高寒草地生态系统的适应性管理
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摘要
青藏高原约有1/3的草地经历着不同程度退化,严重危害区域生产、生活和生态安全。草地退化是气候变化等自然因素和过度放牧等人为因素综合作用的结果,主要表现为植被群落结构失调、功能减弱、土壤理化性质恶化。目前,草地恢复的主要措施有围栏封育、人工建植、鼠虫害及毒杂草防除等,需根据不同草地退化情况,因地制宜,采取合理有效的治理方案。对退化草地进行恢复治理,协调高寒草地生态系统生态、经济和社会功能的关系,实现高寒草地的可持续利用,关系到生态安全、区域稳定和经济发展,主要应从宏观功能区划,畜牧业科学发展、政策法规和教育落实3个方面进行。高寒草地生态系统的适应性管理应以生态学理论为基础,实现草地资源的可持续利用和草地生态系统的保护与恢复。作为青藏高原高寒草地生态系统适应性管理的前期探索和阶段性总结,本专辑收录了关于青藏高原草地退化和恢复关键生态过程和机制等方面的研究成果,以期为高寒草地生态系统的保护和管理提供科学依据。
Around one third of grasslands in Tibetan Plateau are in different extent of degradation, which is severely harmful for the production, livelihood and ecological security. Degradations of grassland, including structural imbalance and function receding of plant community and deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, are usually caused by natural factors like climate change or human activities like overgrazing. At present, the main measures for grassland restoration include fence enclosure, artificial vegetation cultivation and control of rodent, pest and weed, but all of these measures should be adopted according to degradation stage of the particular grasslands. Restoring the degraded grasslands, balancing the ecological,economic and social functions of alpine grasslands, and achieving the sustainable utilization of alpine grasslands are essential for ecological security, region stabilization and economic development, and the measures should be taken from macrofunctions division, scientific development of stockbreeding and education of policies. In order to achieve the sustainable utilization of grassland resources and protection of grassland ecosystems, the adaptive management of alpine grassland ecosystems should be based on ecological theories. This special issue embodies the recent researches on the key processes and mechanisms of grassland degradation and restoration, all of which would provide valuable information for protection and regulation of alpine grassland ecosystem.
Around one third of grasslands in Tibetan Plateau are in different extent of degradation, which is severely harmful for the production, livelihood and ecological security. Degradations of grassland, including structural imbalance and function receding of plant community and deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, are usually caused by natural factors like climate change or human activities like overgrazing. At present, the main measures for grassland restoration include fence enclosure, artificial vegetation cultivation and control of rodent, pest and weed, but all of these measures should be adopted according to degradation stage of the particular grasslands. Restoring the degraded grasslands, balancing the ecological,economic and social functions of alpine grasslands, and achieving the sustainable utilization of alpine grasslands are essential for ecological security, region stabilization and economic development, and the measures should be taken from macrofunctions division, scientific development of stockbreeding and education of policies. In order to achieve the sustainable utilization of grassland resources and protection of grassland ecosystems, the adaptive management of alpine grassland ecosystems should be based on ecological theories. This special issue embodies the recent researches on the key processes and mechanisms of grassland degradation and restoration, all of which would provide valuable information for protection and regulation of alpine grassland ecosystem.
引文
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