宁夏典型草原区不同退耕年限草地植物群落及优势植物C、N、P化学计量特征
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摘要
植物C、N、P化学计量特征和草原生态系统功能的正常发挥有直接关系。为了研究宁夏典型草原区不同退耕年限草地植物群落和优势植物化学计量特征的变化规律,以宁夏南部典型草原区不同退耕年限(21、16、11、9、5、3、2年)草地为研究对象,分别对披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、长芒草(Stipa bungeana)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、早熟禾(Poa annu)等优势植物及植物群落C、N、P化学计量特征进行分析。结果表明,随着退耕年限增加,植物群落地上部C含量总体呈现下降趋势,全N含量大体呈先减少后增加趋势,全P含量无明显变化规律,C∶N、C∶P、N∶P整体表现为21年退耕地最大,9年退耕地最小;优势植物C含量表现为地上部大于地下部,全P含量表现为地下部大于地上部;植物群落N∶P值和全N含量呈正相关关系,优势植物N∶P值和全N含量呈正相关关系,且N∶P均小于14。典型草原区植物群落和优势植物在整体水平上均受到N素的限制,植物生态化学计量特征对草原的退化和恢复具有指示作用。
Plant C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics are directly related to the normal functioning of grassland ecosystems. To determine changes in the stoichiometric characteristics of plant communities and dominant plants from different vegetation restoration periods in the Ningxia typical steppe area, grassland from different restoration periods(21,16, 11, 9, 5, 3, and 2 years) in southern Ningxia were analysed and the C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics of plant communities and dominant plants, including Elymus dahuricus, Stipa bungeana, Leymus secalinus, and Poa annua were examined. The results showed that with an increase in the restoration period, the C content of the aboveground part of the plant communities had an overall upward trend, total N content fluctuated, and total P content decreased. C∶N, C∶P, and N∶P were the highest in 1995 and the lowest in 2007. The C content of the aboveground part of the dominant plants was higher than that of the underground part, whereas the total P content of the underground part was larger than that of the aboveground part. There was a positive correlation between N?P and total N of plant communities N∶P, total N of dominant plants showed a positive correlation, and N∶P was less than 14. The plant communities and dominant plants in the Ningxia typical steppe area were restricted by N content, and the characteristics of the plant eco-stoichiometry showed some indication of the degradation and restoration of grasslands.
Plant C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics are directly related to the normal functioning of grassland ecosystems. To determine changes in the stoichiometric characteristics of plant communities and dominant plants from different vegetation restoration periods in the Ningxia typical steppe area, grassland from different restoration periods(21,16, 11, 9, 5, 3, and 2 years) in southern Ningxia were analysed and the C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics of plant communities and dominant plants, including Elymus dahuricus, Stipa bungeana, Leymus secalinus, and Poa annua were examined. The results showed that with an increase in the restoration period, the C content of the aboveground part of the plant communities had an overall upward trend, total N content fluctuated, and total P content decreased. C∶N, C∶P, and N∶P were the highest in 1995 and the lowest in 2007. The C content of the aboveground part of the dominant plants was higher than that of the underground part, whereas the total P content of the underground part was larger than that of the aboveground part. There was a positive correlation between N?P and total N of plant communities N∶P, total N of dominant plants showed a positive correlation, and N∶P was less than 14. The plant communities and dominant plants in the Ningxia typical steppe area were restricted by N content, and the characteristics of the plant eco-stoichiometry showed some indication of the degradation and restoration of grasslands.
引文
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[4]李鑫,曾全超,安韶山,董扬红,李娅芸.黄土高原纸坊沟流域不同植物叶片及枯落物的生态化学计量学特征研究,环境科学,2015,36(3):1084-1091.LI X, ZENG Q C, AN S S, DONG Y H, LI Y Y. Ecological and stoichiometric characteristics of different plant leaves and litter in the Zhifanggou watershed of the Loess Plateau. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(3):1084-1091.
[5]程滨,赵永军,张文广,安树青.生态化学计量学研究进展.生态学报,2010, 30(6):1628-1637.CHENG B, ZHAO Y J, ZHANG W G, AN S Q. Research progress in eco-chemical metrology. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(6):1628-1637.
[6] ELSER J J, DOBBERFUHL D R, MACKAY N A. Organism size, life history, a N:P stoichiometry. Bioscience, 1996, 46(9):674-684.
[7]曾冬萍,蒋利玲,曾从盛,王维奇,王纯.生态化学计量学特征及其应用研究进展.生态学报,2013, 33(18):5484-5492.ZENG D P, JIANG L L, ZENG C S, WANG W Q, WANG C. Research progress of ecological chemometrics and its application.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(18):5484-5492.
[8]熊坤,金美伶,于婷,崔艳智.不同放牧梯度上典型草原植物碳氮磷化学计量特征.绿色科技,2015(7):4-7.XIONG K,JIN M L,YU T,CUI Y Z. Stoichiometric characteristics of C, N,and P in typical grassland plants on a gradient of grazing. Green Science and Technology, 2015(7):4-7.
[9]饶丽仙.宁夏典型草原区退耕草地优势植物及土壤C、N、P生态化学计量学特征研究.银川:宁夏大学硕士学位论文,2017.RAO L X. A study on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P dominant plants in the steppe-grassland steppe in Ningxia region. Master Thesis. Yinchuan:Ningxia University, 2017.
[10] SONG X Z, PENG C H, ZHOU G M. Chinese grain of green program led to highly increased soil organic carbon levels. Ametaanalysis Scientific Reports, 2014(4):4460, DOI:10.1038
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D. Analysis of Soil Agrochemicals. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[12]陈军强,张蕊,侯尧宸,马丽娜,丁路明,龙瑞军,尚占环.亚高山草甸植物群落物种多样性与群落C、N、P生态化学计量的关系.植物生态学报,2013, 37(11):979-987.CHEN J Q, ZHANG R, HOU Y C, MA L N, DING L M, LONG R J, SHANG Z H. Relationship between species diversity of subalpine meadow plant communities and ecological stoichiometry of C, N and P in the community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(11):979-987.
[13]戚德辉,温仲明,杨士梭,王红霞,郭茹.黄土丘陵区森林草原带不同退耕年限植物群落和土壤N,P化学计量特征.,草地学报,2016, 24(2):322-329.QI D H, WEN Z M, YANG S S, WANG H X, GUO R. The stoichiometric characteristics of N, P in plant communities and soils in the forest steppe zone of the Loess Hilly Region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(2):322-329.
[14] CHAPIN S F III, MASTON B, MOONEY H A. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. New York:Springer-Verlag, 2002.
[15]杨阳.宁夏荒漠草原区不同植物群落多样性及化学计量特征研究.银川:宁夏大学硕士学位论文,2015.YANG Y. Diversity and stoichiometric characteristics of different plant communities in desert steppe in Ningxia. Master Thesis.Yinchuan:Ningxia University, 2015.
[16] KOERSELMAN W, MEULEMAN A F M. The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 33(6):1441-1450.
[17] SINSABAUGH R L,LAUBER C L,WEINTRAUB M N. Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale. Ecology Letters,2008, 11(11):1252-1264.
[18] CLEVELAND C C,LIPTZIN D. C:N:P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a"Redfield ratio"for the microbial biomass.Biogeochemistry, 2007, 85(3):235-252.
[2] JAMISON A. A tale of two brothers. Science, 1993, 261:497-498.
[3]王振兴.国内生态化学计量学研究进展.绿色科技,2011(7):195-196.WANG Z X. Research progress in domestic eco-chemometrics. Green Science&Technology, 2011(7):195-196.
[4]李鑫,曾全超,安韶山,董扬红,李娅芸.黄土高原纸坊沟流域不同植物叶片及枯落物的生态化学计量学特征研究,环境科学,2015,36(3):1084-1091.LI X, ZENG Q C, AN S S, DONG Y H, LI Y Y. Ecological and stoichiometric characteristics of different plant leaves and litter in the Zhifanggou watershed of the Loess Plateau. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(3):1084-1091.
[5]程滨,赵永军,张文广,安树青.生态化学计量学研究进展.生态学报,2010, 30(6):1628-1637.CHENG B, ZHAO Y J, ZHANG W G, AN S Q. Research progress in eco-chemical metrology. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(6):1628-1637.
[6] ELSER J J, DOBBERFUHL D R, MACKAY N A. Organism size, life history, a N:P stoichiometry. Bioscience, 1996, 46(9):674-684.
[7]曾冬萍,蒋利玲,曾从盛,王维奇,王纯.生态化学计量学特征及其应用研究进展.生态学报,2013, 33(18):5484-5492.ZENG D P, JIANG L L, ZENG C S, WANG W Q, WANG C. Research progress of ecological chemometrics and its application.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(18):5484-5492.
[8]熊坤,金美伶,于婷,崔艳智.不同放牧梯度上典型草原植物碳氮磷化学计量特征.绿色科技,2015(7):4-7.XIONG K,JIN M L,YU T,CUI Y Z. Stoichiometric characteristics of C, N,and P in typical grassland plants on a gradient of grazing. Green Science and Technology, 2015(7):4-7.
[9]饶丽仙.宁夏典型草原区退耕草地优势植物及土壤C、N、P生态化学计量学特征研究.银川:宁夏大学硕士学位论文,2017.RAO L X. A study on ecological stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P dominant plants in the steppe-grassland steppe in Ningxia region. Master Thesis. Yinchuan:Ningxia University, 2017.
[10] SONG X Z, PENG C H, ZHOU G M. Chinese grain of green program led to highly increased soil organic carbon levels. Ametaanalysis Scientific Reports, 2014(4):4460, DOI:10.1038
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.BAO S D. Analysis of Soil Agrochemicals. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[12]陈军强,张蕊,侯尧宸,马丽娜,丁路明,龙瑞军,尚占环.亚高山草甸植物群落物种多样性与群落C、N、P生态化学计量的关系.植物生态学报,2013, 37(11):979-987.CHEN J Q, ZHANG R, HOU Y C, MA L N, DING L M, LONG R J, SHANG Z H. Relationship between species diversity of subalpine meadow plant communities and ecological stoichiometry of C, N and P in the community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(11):979-987.
[13]戚德辉,温仲明,杨士梭,王红霞,郭茹.黄土丘陵区森林草原带不同退耕年限植物群落和土壤N,P化学计量特征.,草地学报,2016, 24(2):322-329.QI D H, WEN Z M, YANG S S, WANG H X, GUO R. The stoichiometric characteristics of N, P in plant communities and soils in the forest steppe zone of the Loess Hilly Region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(2):322-329.
[14] CHAPIN S F III, MASTON B, MOONEY H A. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. New York:Springer-Verlag, 2002.
[15]杨阳.宁夏荒漠草原区不同植物群落多样性及化学计量特征研究.银川:宁夏大学硕士学位论文,2015.YANG Y. Diversity and stoichiometric characteristics of different plant communities in desert steppe in Ningxia. Master Thesis.Yinchuan:Ningxia University, 2015.
[16] KOERSELMAN W, MEULEMAN A F M. The vegetation N:P ratio:A new tool to detect the nature of nutrient limitation. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1996, 33(6):1441-1450.
[17] SINSABAUGH R L,LAUBER C L,WEINTRAUB M N. Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale. Ecology Letters,2008, 11(11):1252-1264.
[18] CLEVELAND C C,LIPTZIN D. C:N:P stoichiometry in soil:Is there a"Redfield ratio"for the microbial biomass.Biogeochemistry, 2007, 85(3):235-252.
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