3种喷雾助剂对东北春大豆除草剂减量增效的影响
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摘要
为降低除草剂使用量,提高东北春大豆杂草防除效果,在常用土壤封闭处理剂和茎叶处理剂减量25%的基础上,分别添加3种喷雾助剂(有机硅类助剂施倍丰、表面活性剂类助剂激健、植物油类助剂速捷),比较杂草防除效果和大豆生物学性状、产量、收益等指标,探明3种助剂对除草剂减量的作用影响。结果表明:3种喷雾助剂对杂草总防效优异,鲜重防效、株防效均高达90%,添加3种喷雾助剂的减药处理与常规不减药处理比较没有显著差异。施倍丰对禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草的防效最好,对2类杂草的最高鲜重防效和最高株防效均达到90%以上;速捷对禾本科杂草的鲜重防效最高,达94.2%,但株防效最低,为86.7%,对阔叶类杂草的鲜重防效和株防效约为86%;激健对禾本科杂草防效与施倍丰相当,株防效和鲜重防效约为90%,激健对阔叶类杂草的鲜重防效和株防效比速捷略低,防效约85%。3种喷雾助剂对大豆株高、荚数、百粒重等生物学性状及产量、收益与常规不减药处理比较没有显著差异。激健对产量的影响最大,能增产4.47%,增效3.43%,其次是施倍丰,增产1.6%,增效2.12%,速捷没有增产增效作用。结果表明除草剂使用中添加喷雾助剂能达到减量增效的作用,本研究结果可以为推广除草剂减施技术提供方法参考。
In order to reduce the use of herbicide and improve weeds control effect of spring soybean in northeast China, on the basis of 25% reduction of commonly used soil treatment agent and stalk leaf treatment agent, 3 kinds of spray adjuvants(organosilicon adjuvant Shibeifeng, surfactants adjuvant Jijian, and plant oil adjuvants Sujie) were added respectively, the effect of three adjuvants on herbicide reduction was studied.The results showed that 3 kinds of spray adjuvants had excellent control effect on weeds, the control effect of fresh weight and plant was as high as 90%, there were no significant difference between 3 kinds of spray adjuvants and check. Shibeifeng had the best control effect on Gramineae weeds and broad-leaved weeds,and the highest fresh weight and plant control effects were above 90% for both types of weeds. The control effect of Sujie on fresh weight of gramineous weeds was the highest(94.2%), but the plant control effect was the lowest(86.7%), the control effect of Sujie on fresh weight and plant control of broad-leaved weeds was about 86%. The control effect of Jijian on gramineous weeds was similar to Shibeifeng, the control effect of Jijian on fresh weight and plant weight was about 90%, the control effect of Jijian on broad-leaved weeds was slightly lower than that of Shibeifeng, and the control effect was about 85%.There was no significant difference in the biological characters, yield and yield of soybean with plant height, pod number and 100-seed weight by 3 spray adjuvants Jijian had the greatest impact on the yield, increasing yield by 4.47% and efficiency by 3.43%, followed by Shibeifeng, increasing yield by 1.6% and efficiency by 2.12%,Sujie did not increase yield and efficiency.The addition of spray adjuvants in application of herbicides has the effect of reduction and synergism,the experiment provides a reference for popularizing the technology of reducing herbicides.
In order to reduce the use of herbicide and improve weeds control effect of spring soybean in northeast China, on the basis of 25% reduction of commonly used soil treatment agent and stalk leaf treatment agent, 3 kinds of spray adjuvants(organosilicon adjuvant Shibeifeng, surfactants adjuvant Jijian, and plant oil adjuvants Sujie) were added respectively, the effect of three adjuvants on herbicide reduction was studied.The results showed that 3 kinds of spray adjuvants had excellent control effect on weeds, the control effect of fresh weight and plant was as high as 90%, there were no significant difference between 3 kinds of spray adjuvants and check. Shibeifeng had the best control effect on Gramineae weeds and broad-leaved weeds,and the highest fresh weight and plant control effects were above 90% for both types of weeds. The control effect of Sujie on fresh weight of gramineous weeds was the highest(94.2%), but the plant control effect was the lowest(86.7%), the control effect of Sujie on fresh weight and plant control of broad-leaved weeds was about 86%. The control effect of Jijian on gramineous weeds was similar to Shibeifeng, the control effect of Jijian on fresh weight and plant weight was about 90%, the control effect of Jijian on broad-leaved weeds was slightly lower than that of Shibeifeng, and the control effect was about 85%.There was no significant difference in the biological characters, yield and yield of soybean with plant height, pod number and 100-seed weight by 3 spray adjuvants Jijian had the greatest impact on the yield, increasing yield by 4.47% and efficiency by 3.43%, followed by Shibeifeng, increasing yield by 1.6% and efficiency by 2.12%,Sujie did not increase yield and efficiency.The addition of spray adjuvants in application of herbicides has the effect of reduction and synergism,the experiment provides a reference for popularizing the technology of reducing herbicides.
引文
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[3] 袁立兵,杜鹏程,王华,等.2种土壤处理除草剂对玉米的安全性[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):116-117.(Yuan L B,Du P C,Wang H,et al.Security of two soil applied herbicides to maize[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(22):116-117.)
[4] 张明波,何付丽,李灼,等.乙草胺对大豆幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].大豆科学,2014,33(2):290-292.(Zhang M B,He F L,Li Z,et al.Effect of acetochloron physiological and biochemical characteristics of soybean seedlings[J].Soybean Science,2014,33(2):290-292.)
[5] 郑景瑶,王百慧,岳中辉,等.氟磺胺草醚对黑土微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(5):468-472.(Zheng J Y,Wang B H,Yue Z H,et al.Effects of fomesafen on microorganism quantity and enzyme activities in black soil[J].Journal of Plant Protection ,2013,40(5):468-472.)
[6] 马晓峰.提高农药利用率的技术[J].植物医生,2018,31(4):49-51.(Ma X F.Technologies for improving pesticide utilization [J].Plant Doctor,2018,31(4):49-51.)
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[8] 邵振润,张帅.提高我国农药利用率的主要措施与对策[J].农药,2014,53(5):382-385.(Shao Z R,Zhang S.Main measures of improving pesticide using efficiency[J].Agrochemicals,2014,53(5):382-385.)
[9] 王奕,杜凤沛.提高农药利用率是农药减量的核心技术[J].营销界(农资与市场),2016(6):57-59.(Wang Y,Du F P.Improving the utilization rate of pesticides is the core technology of pesticide reduction[J].Marketing (Agricultural Resources and Markets),2016 (6):57-59.)
[10] 刘支前.农药桶混助剂的选择原理[J].农药,2002,42(9):1-3.(Liu Z Q.Principles for selecting tank-mix adjuvants[J].Agrochimeicals,2002,42(9):1-3.)
[11] 鲁梅,王金信,王云鹏,等.除草剂助剂对药液物理性状及对磺草酮药效的影响[J].农药学学报,2004,6(4):78-82.(Lu M,Wang J X,Wang Y P,et al.The effect of herbicide adjuvants on the physical characteristics and the bioactivity of sulcotrione[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2004,6(4):78-82.)
[12] Harrison S K,Dexter A Q ,Crafts A S.Influence of adjuvants and application variables on postemergene weed control with bentazon and sethoxydim[J].Weed Science,2003,38(6):462-466.
[13] 张宇,张利萍,郑成.农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂的特性及用途[J].材料研究与应用,2008,2(4):424-427.(Zhang Y,Zhang L P,Zheng C.Silicone surfactant for adjuvant of pesticide[J].Materials Research and Application,2008,2(4):424-427.)
[14] 华乃震.特种农用助剂应用和增效作用[J].世界农药,2010,32(1):44-47.(Hua N Z.Application and synergized action of special pesticides adjuvant [J].World Pesticides,2010,32 (1):44-47.)
[15] 赵祖培.农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂(上)[J].农药译丛,1994(6):34-42.(Zhao Z P.Silicone surfactants for pesticide auxiliaries (Part I) [J].Pesticide Translation Series,1994 (6):34-42.)
[16] 张春华,张宗俭,刘宁,等.农药喷雾助剂的作用及植物油类喷雾助剂的研究进展[J].农药科学与管理,2012,33(11):16-18.(Zhang C H,Zhang Z J,Liu N,et al.Role of pesticide spray additives and research progress of spray additives for vegetable oils [J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2012,33(11):16-18.)
[17] 廖洪流.有机硅助剂在农业中的应用进展[J].精细与专用化学品,2008(14):26-27.(Liao H L.Progress in the application of silicone additives in agriculture[J].Fine and Specialized Chemicals,2008 (14):26-27.)
[18] 叶小利,李学刚,陈时洪,等.表面活性剂对大豆叶面气孔和蜡质层影响研究[J].大豆科学,2000,19(1):49-56.(Ye X L,Li X G,Cheng S H,et al.The effects of surfactants on stomata and epicuticular wax structure of soybean [J] Soybean Science,2000,19(1):49-56.)
[19] 王金信,鲁梅.除草剂助剂的研究进展[J].世界农药,2008(1):34-39.(Wang J X,Ru M.Dvance in researches of herbicide adjuvant[J].World Pesticides,2008 (1):34-39.)
[20] 蒋凌雪,马红,陶波.农药助剂的安全性评价[J].农药,2009,48(4):235-238.(Jiang L X,Ma H,Tao B.Safety evaluation of pesticide adjuvant[J].Agrochemicals,2009,48(4):235-238.)
[21] 卢向阳,徐筠,陈莉.几种除草剂药液表面张力、叶面接触角与药效的相关性研究[J].农药学学报,2002(3):67-71.(Lu X Y,Xu Y,Chen L.Correlation of surface tension,leaf contact angle and pharmacodynamics of several herbicides[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2002(3):67-71.)
[22] Harnson S K,Dexter A G,Crafts A S.Influence of adjuvants and application variables on postemergene weed control with bentazon and sethoxydim[J].Weed Seienee,2003,38(6):462- 466.
[23] 华乃震.油类助剂及油类在农药中的应用和前景(I)[J].农药,2013,52(1):7-10.(Hua N Z.Application and prospect of oils adjuvant and oils in pesticide(I)[J].Agrochemicals,2013,52(1):7-10.)
[24] 安国栋,耿鹏,胡美英,等.植物油助剂在农药领域中的研究进展[J].农药,2012,51(8):558-561.(An G D,Geng P,Hu M Y,et al.Research advance in plant oil as pesticide adjuvant[J].Agrochemicals,2012,51(8):558-561.)
[25] 叶常明.除草剂在土壤中的吸附行为研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002(5):1-6.(Ye C M.Study on adsorption behavior of herbicides in soils [J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2002(5):1-6.)
[26] 马鸿.助剂对土壤处理除草剂除草活性的影响及增效机理初探[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2004.(Ma H.Effection of adjuvants on activity of soil-applied herbicides and it’s mechanism[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2004.)
[27] 杨学茹,黄艳琴,谢庆兰.农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂[J].有机硅材料,2002,16(2):25-29.(Yang X R,Huang Y Q,Xie Q L.Silicone surfactant for adjuvant of pesticide[J].Silicone Materia,2002,16(2):25-29.)
[28] D Stock,P J Holloway.Possible mechanisms for surfactant-induced foliar uptake of agrochemicals[J].Pesticide Science,1993,38(2-3):165-177.
[29] Xu L Y,Zhu H P,Ozkan H E,et al .Droplet evaporation and spread on waxy and hairy leaves associated with type and concentration of adjuvants[J].Pest Mangement Science,2011,67(7):842-851.
[30] 卢向阳,徐筠.两种喷雾助剂对氟磺胺草醚在反枝苋上的吸收和药效的影响[J].农药学学报,2006,8(2):162-166.(Lu X Y,Xu J.Influence of two spray adjuvants on uptake and efficacy of Fomesafen on red-root,Amaranthusretroflexus[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2006,8(2):162-166.)
[31] 刘力宇.中美贸易战下国际大豆价格波动、影响及中国策略[J].价格月刊,2019(1):23-26.(Liu L Y.Price fluctuation and the impact of international soybean under the Sino- US trade war and strategy of China[J].Prices Monthly,2019(1):23-26.)
[32] 周适,刘泉红,付文飙.实现优质优价的问题、根源和对策研究[J].价格理论与实践,2018(9):14-19.(Zhou S,Liu Q H,Fu W B.Study on achieving high quality and good price[J].Price Theory and Practice,2018(9):14-19.)
[2] 黑龙江省农垦总局统计局.黑龙江垦区统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018:8.(Statistical Bureau of Heilongjiang General Administration of Agriculture and Reclamation.Statistical yearbook of heilongjiang reclamation area[M].Beijing:China Statistics Publishing House,2018:8.)
[3] 袁立兵,杜鹏程,王华,等.2种土壤处理除草剂对玉米的安全性[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(22):116-117.(Yuan L B,Du P C,Wang H,et al.Security of two soil applied herbicides to maize[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(22):116-117.)
[4] 张明波,何付丽,李灼,等.乙草胺对大豆幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].大豆科学,2014,33(2):290-292.(Zhang M B,He F L,Li Z,et al.Effect of acetochloron physiological and biochemical characteristics of soybean seedlings[J].Soybean Science,2014,33(2):290-292.)
[5] 郑景瑶,王百慧,岳中辉,等.氟磺胺草醚对黑土微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物保护学报,2013,40(5):468-472.(Zheng J Y,Wang B H,Yue Z H,et al.Effects of fomesafen on microorganism quantity and enzyme activities in black soil[J].Journal of Plant Protection ,2013,40(5):468-472.)
[6] 马晓峰.提高农药利用率的技术[J].植物医生,2018,31(4):49-51.(Ma X F.Technologies for improving pesticide utilization [J].Plant Doctor,2018,31(4):49-51.)
[7] 肖晓华.农药利用率的影响因子及其应对措施[J].南方农业,2017,11(7):5-7.(Xiao X H.Influencing factors of pesticide utilization rate and its countermeasures[J].South China Agriculture,2017,11 (7):5-7.)
[8] 邵振润,张帅.提高我国农药利用率的主要措施与对策[J].农药,2014,53(5):382-385.(Shao Z R,Zhang S.Main measures of improving pesticide using efficiency[J].Agrochemicals,2014,53(5):382-385.)
[9] 王奕,杜凤沛.提高农药利用率是农药减量的核心技术[J].营销界(农资与市场),2016(6):57-59.(Wang Y,Du F P.Improving the utilization rate of pesticides is the core technology of pesticide reduction[J].Marketing (Agricultural Resources and Markets),2016 (6):57-59.)
[10] 刘支前.农药桶混助剂的选择原理[J].农药,2002,42(9):1-3.(Liu Z Q.Principles for selecting tank-mix adjuvants[J].Agrochimeicals,2002,42(9):1-3.)
[11] 鲁梅,王金信,王云鹏,等.除草剂助剂对药液物理性状及对磺草酮药效的影响[J].农药学学报,2004,6(4):78-82.(Lu M,Wang J X,Wang Y P,et al.The effect of herbicide adjuvants on the physical characteristics and the bioactivity of sulcotrione[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2004,6(4):78-82.)
[12] Harrison S K,Dexter A Q ,Crafts A S.Influence of adjuvants and application variables on postemergene weed control with bentazon and sethoxydim[J].Weed Science,2003,38(6):462-466.
[13] 张宇,张利萍,郑成.农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂的特性及用途[J].材料研究与应用,2008,2(4):424-427.(Zhang Y,Zhang L P,Zheng C.Silicone surfactant for adjuvant of pesticide[J].Materials Research and Application,2008,2(4):424-427.)
[14] 华乃震.特种农用助剂应用和增效作用[J].世界农药,2010,32(1):44-47.(Hua N Z.Application and synergized action of special pesticides adjuvant [J].World Pesticides,2010,32 (1):44-47.)
[15] 赵祖培.农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂(上)[J].农药译丛,1994(6):34-42.(Zhao Z P.Silicone surfactants for pesticide auxiliaries (Part I) [J].Pesticide Translation Series,1994 (6):34-42.)
[16] 张春华,张宗俭,刘宁,等.农药喷雾助剂的作用及植物油类喷雾助剂的研究进展[J].农药科学与管理,2012,33(11):16-18.(Zhang C H,Zhang Z J,Liu N,et al.Role of pesticide spray additives and research progress of spray additives for vegetable oils [J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2012,33(11):16-18.)
[17] 廖洪流.有机硅助剂在农业中的应用进展[J].精细与专用化学品,2008(14):26-27.(Liao H L.Progress in the application of silicone additives in agriculture[J].Fine and Specialized Chemicals,2008 (14):26-27.)
[18] 叶小利,李学刚,陈时洪,等.表面活性剂对大豆叶面气孔和蜡质层影响研究[J].大豆科学,2000,19(1):49-56.(Ye X L,Li X G,Cheng S H,et al.The effects of surfactants on stomata and epicuticular wax structure of soybean [J] Soybean Science,2000,19(1):49-56.)
[19] 王金信,鲁梅.除草剂助剂的研究进展[J].世界农药,2008(1):34-39.(Wang J X,Ru M.Dvance in researches of herbicide adjuvant[J].World Pesticides,2008 (1):34-39.)
[20] 蒋凌雪,马红,陶波.农药助剂的安全性评价[J].农药,2009,48(4):235-238.(Jiang L X,Ma H,Tao B.Safety evaluation of pesticide adjuvant[J].Agrochemicals,2009,48(4):235-238.)
[21] 卢向阳,徐筠,陈莉.几种除草剂药液表面张力、叶面接触角与药效的相关性研究[J].农药学学报,2002(3):67-71.(Lu X Y,Xu Y,Chen L.Correlation of surface tension,leaf contact angle and pharmacodynamics of several herbicides[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2002(3):67-71.)
[22] Harnson S K,Dexter A G,Crafts A S.Influence of adjuvants and application variables on postemergene weed control with bentazon and sethoxydim[J].Weed Seienee,2003,38(6):462- 466.
[23] 华乃震.油类助剂及油类在农药中的应用和前景(I)[J].农药,2013,52(1):7-10.(Hua N Z.Application and prospect of oils adjuvant and oils in pesticide(I)[J].Agrochemicals,2013,52(1):7-10.)
[24] 安国栋,耿鹏,胡美英,等.植物油助剂在农药领域中的研究进展[J].农药,2012,51(8):558-561.(An G D,Geng P,Hu M Y,et al.Research advance in plant oil as pesticide adjuvant[J].Agrochemicals,2012,51(8):558-561.)
[25] 叶常明.除草剂在土壤中的吸附行为研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002(5):1-6.(Ye C M.Study on adsorption behavior of herbicides in soils [J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2002(5):1-6.)
[26] 马鸿.助剂对土壤处理除草剂除草活性的影响及增效机理初探[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2004.(Ma H.Effection of adjuvants on activity of soil-applied herbicides and it’s mechanism[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2004.)
[27] 杨学茹,黄艳琴,谢庆兰.农药助剂用有机硅表面活性剂[J].有机硅材料,2002,16(2):25-29.(Yang X R,Huang Y Q,Xie Q L.Silicone surfactant for adjuvant of pesticide[J].Silicone Materia,2002,16(2):25-29.)
[28] D Stock,P J Holloway.Possible mechanisms for surfactant-induced foliar uptake of agrochemicals[J].Pesticide Science,1993,38(2-3):165-177.
[29] Xu L Y,Zhu H P,Ozkan H E,et al .Droplet evaporation and spread on waxy and hairy leaves associated with type and concentration of adjuvants[J].Pest Mangement Science,2011,67(7):842-851.
[30] 卢向阳,徐筠.两种喷雾助剂对氟磺胺草醚在反枝苋上的吸收和药效的影响[J].农药学学报,2006,8(2):162-166.(Lu X Y,Xu J.Influence of two spray adjuvants on uptake and efficacy of Fomesafen on red-root,Amaranthusretroflexus[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2006,8(2):162-166.)
[31] 刘力宇.中美贸易战下国际大豆价格波动、影响及中国策略[J].价格月刊,2019(1):23-26.(Liu L Y.Price fluctuation and the impact of international soybean under the Sino- US trade war and strategy of China[J].Prices Monthly,2019(1):23-26.)
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