基于重心模型的丘陵山地区耕地利用转换时空特征研究
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摘要
地形起伏是决定山地丘陵区土地利用类型时空格局的关键因素,是耕地利用的耕地利用时空转换的控制因子之一。为分析丘陵区耕地利用转换时空特征,选取位于山地丘陵区的赣州市为典型区。基于均值变点法对赣州的起伏度进行定量分析,将赣州市划分为平坦(12.4%)、微起伏(11.3%)、小起伏(43.6%)和中起伏(32.7%)4个等级。利用重心模型计算得到,1990、1995、2000、2004、2009和2014年5个时期耕地重心的移动角度分别为63.4°、330.5°、201.4°、203.4°和106.4°,与森林、灌草、裸地、水体和人造表面重心移动角度的Pearson相关系数分别为0.44、0.94、0.02、0.36和0.85。灌草、人造地表两种类型是与耕地重心的移动角度Pearson相关性最高,耕地与人造地表最为密切,但其形态变化并不具有一致性。1990-2014年平坦、微起伏、小起伏和中起伏区域承载耕地面积比例平均为34%:19%:35%:12%,区域承载的耕地利用强度与耕地发生转换的强度大小随着起伏度等级增加而减小。从数量来说森林与耕地变化最密切。从空间位置上,耕地与草地变化最密切。
Topographic relief is the constraining factor of land use in an area. This is especially the case in transitional zones in hilly and mountainous regions. To analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of cultivated land utilization transformation in hilly and mountainous regions, this study selected Ganzhou city as a case study area. Six period(1990, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2009 and 2014) dataset of land use of 30 m resolution images were used to extract the relief degree and land cover data of land surface. The optimal statistical unit of topographic relief was determined by means of DEM data and mean turning-point analysis method. In order to contrastive analyzing the dynamic relationship of the spatial location-relation and the spatial correlation for different land use types, this study introduced the concept of land use barycenter. The results showed that the best statistical window was proved 0.865 km~2. The topographic relief of Ganzhou was divided into four grades: Plains, micro relief mountains, small relief mountains and medium relief mountains. The ranking of annual mean area for mountain types was small relief mountains>medium relief mountains>plains>micro relief mountains. In addition, the spatial distribution of elevation was consistent with the relief degree of land surface. Based on six period dataset of land use of 30 m resolution in the Ganzhou, cultivated land forest, grasses, bare land, water and artificial surface barycenter and there movement directions of five period(1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2004, 2004-2009 and 2009-2014) were calculated. Five period barycenter movement directions of cultivated land was 63.4°, 330.5°, 201.4°, 203.4° and 106.4°. Pearson correlation coefficients of barycenter movement for cultivated land and forest, grasses, bare land, water and artificial surface were 0.44, 0.94, 0.02, 0.36, 0.85. The correlation coefficient of barycenter movement for cultivated land and grasses was 0.94, which was higher than the others. By tracking adjacent patch shape changes of cultivated land and grasses in observation of land use patch and land use spatial pattern, the spatial position change of cultivated land and grasses was closely related. The second high correlation coefficient of barycenter movement for cultivated land was 0.85, which was for cultivated land and artificial surface. Artificial surface had the closest ties to cultivated land, but the morphological change of cultivated land and artificial surface was not consistency. Cultivated land use intensity and the area of cultivated land use transition decreased with the raising relief degree of land surface. The major transformation types about cultivated land were mutual conversion between forest and cultivated land, and mutual conversion between grasses and cultivated land. The area change of cultivated land had a higher interrelationship to the forest than the others. Moreover, the spatial position change of cultivated land had a higher interrelationship to the grasses than the others. The cultivated land use transition in hilly and mountainous regions is the results of natural and human effects. The study provide a scientific basis for the management of cultivated land in hilly and mountainous regions.
Topographic relief is the constraining factor of land use in an area. This is especially the case in transitional zones in hilly and mountainous regions. To analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of cultivated land utilization transformation in hilly and mountainous regions, this study selected Ganzhou city as a case study area. Six period(1990, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2009 and 2014) dataset of land use of 30 m resolution images were used to extract the relief degree and land cover data of land surface. The optimal statistical unit of topographic relief was determined by means of DEM data and mean turning-point analysis method. In order to contrastive analyzing the dynamic relationship of the spatial location-relation and the spatial correlation for different land use types, this study introduced the concept of land use barycenter. The results showed that the best statistical window was proved 0.865 km~2. The topographic relief of Ganzhou was divided into four grades: Plains, micro relief mountains, small relief mountains and medium relief mountains. The ranking of annual mean area for mountain types was small relief mountains>medium relief mountains>plains>micro relief mountains. In addition, the spatial distribution of elevation was consistent with the relief degree of land surface. Based on six period dataset of land use of 30 m resolution in the Ganzhou, cultivated land forest, grasses, bare land, water and artificial surface barycenter and there movement directions of five period(1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2004, 2004-2009 and 2009-2014) were calculated. Five period barycenter movement directions of cultivated land was 63.4°, 330.5°, 201.4°, 203.4° and 106.4°. Pearson correlation coefficients of barycenter movement for cultivated land and forest, grasses, bare land, water and artificial surface were 0.44, 0.94, 0.02, 0.36, 0.85. The correlation coefficient of barycenter movement for cultivated land and grasses was 0.94, which was higher than the others. By tracking adjacent patch shape changes of cultivated land and grasses in observation of land use patch and land use spatial pattern, the spatial position change of cultivated land and grasses was closely related. The second high correlation coefficient of barycenter movement for cultivated land was 0.85, which was for cultivated land and artificial surface. Artificial surface had the closest ties to cultivated land, but the morphological change of cultivated land and artificial surface was not consistency. Cultivated land use intensity and the area of cultivated land use transition decreased with the raising relief degree of land surface. The major transformation types about cultivated land were mutual conversion between forest and cultivated land, and mutual conversion between grasses and cultivated land. The area change of cultivated land had a higher interrelationship to the forest than the others. Moreover, the spatial position change of cultivated land had a higher interrelationship to the grasses than the others. The cultivated land use transition in hilly and mountainous regions is the results of natural and human effects. The study provide a scientific basis for the management of cultivated land in hilly and mountainous regions.
引文
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[2]李平,李秀彬,刘学军.我国现阶段土地利用变化驱动力的宏观分析[J].地理研究,2001,20(2):129-138.Li Ping,Li Xiubin,Liu Xuejun.Macro-analysis on the driving forces of the land-use change in China[J].Geographical Research,2001,20(2):129-138.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Fischer G,Chen Y and Sun L.The balance of cultivated land in China during 1988-1995[R].International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis,1998.
[4]刘新卫,陈百明,史学正.国内LUCC研究进展综述[J].土壤,2004,36(2):132-135.Liu Xinwei,Chen Baiming,Shi Xuezheng.A review of the research on land use and land cover change in China[J].Soil,2004,36(2):132-135.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Li Y,Yang X,Cai H,et al.Topographical characteristics of agricultural potential productivity during cropland transformation in China[J].Sustainability,2015,7(7):96-110.
[6]李全峰,胡守庚,瞿诗进.1990-2015年长江中游地区耕地利用转型时空特征[J].地理研究,2017,36(8):1489-1502.Li Quanfeng,Hu Shougeng,Qu Shijin.Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land use transition in the Middle Yangtze River from 1990 to 2015[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(8):1489-1502.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]常春艳,赵庚星,王凌,等.黄河口生态脆弱区土地利用时空变化及驱动因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(24):226-234.Chang Chunyan,Zhao Gengxing,Wang Ling,et al.Land use spatiotemporal changes and its driving forces analysis in vulnerable ecological region of Yellow River Estuary[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(24):226-234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Baumann M,Kuemmerle T,Elbakidze M,et al.Patterns and drivers of post-socialist farmland abandonment in Western Ukraine[J].Land Use Policy,2011,28(3):552-562.
[9]崔卫国,文倩,刘艳艳,等.基于DEM的醴陵市土地利用空间格局分析[J].资源科学,2008,30(2):228-234.Cui Weiguo,Wen Qian,Liu Yanyan,et al.Analyzing spatial pattern of land use in Liling based on DEM[J].Resources Science,2008,30(2):228-234.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]王学志,张正祥,盛连喜,等.基于地貌特征的东北土地利用格局[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(12):2444-2451.Wang Xuezhi,Zhang Zhengxiang,Sheng Lianxi,et al.Land use patterns in northest China based on landform characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(12):2444-2451.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]龚文峰,袁力,范文义.基于地形梯度的哈尔滨市土地利用格局变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):250-259.Gong Wenfeng,Yuan Li,Fan Wenyi.Analysis on land use pattern changes in Harbin based on terrain gradient[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(2):250-259.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王桂民,陈聪,曹光乔,等.中国耕地流转时空特征及影响因素分解[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(1):1-7.Wang Guimin,Chen Cong,Cao Guangqiao,et al.Spatial-temporal characteristics and influential factors decomposition of farmland transfer in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(1):1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]战金艳,史娜娜,邓祥征.江西省耕地转移驱动机理[J].地理学报,2010,65(4):485-493.Zhan Jinyan,Shi Nana,Deng Xiangzheng.Driving mechanism of cultivated land conversions in Jiangxi[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(4):485-493.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]张静静,朱文博,赵芳,等.山地平原过渡带地形起伏特征及其对景观格局的影响:以太行山淇河流域为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2018,48(4):476-486.Zhang Jingjing,Zhu Wenbo,Zhao Fang,et al.Spatial variation of terrain relief and its impacts on population and economy based on raster data in West Henan Mountain Area[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,48(4):476-486.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]陈丹,周启刚,何昌华,等.基于MPI的典型西南山区耕地空间分布影响因素研究:以重庆石柱县为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):228-233.Chen Dan,Zhou Qigang,He Changhua,et al.Analysis on influencing factors of cultivated land based on MPI in typical southwest mountain area:Taking Shizhu county of Chongqing as example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(2):228-233.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]何文莉,刘木生,郭秋忠,等.基于遥感数据的江西赣州耕地时空分布与动态变化分析[J].江西科学,2012,30(6):769-774.He Wenli,Liu Musheng,Guo Qiuzhong,et al.Arable land of space-temporal distribution and dynamic change analysis of Ganzhou,Jiangxi province based on remote sensing data[J].Jiangxi Science,2012,30(6):769-774.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]邱玉宝,阮永俭,李恒凯,等.1988-2014年赣州地区地表覆盖分类数据集[J/OL].Science Data Bank.DOI:10.11922/sciencedb.170.11.Qiu Yubao,Ruan Yongjian,Li Hengkai,et al.A dataset of land cover for Ganzhou region(1988-2014)[J/OL].Science Data Bank.DOI:10.11922/sciencedb.170.11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]阮永俭,邱玉宝,李恒凯,等.近26年赣州地区陆表环境遥感与变化分析[J].遥感信息,2016,31(6):110-120.Ruan Yongjian,Qiu Yubao,Li Hengkai,et al.Land cover and ecological assesssment of Ganzhou region in recent 26years by remote sensing[J].Remote Sensing Information,2016,31(6):110-120.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]徐建华,岳文泽.近20年来中国人口重心与经济重心的演变及其对比分析[J].地理科学,2001,21(5):385-389.Xu Jianhua,Yue Wenze.Evolvement and comparative analysis of the population center gravity and the economy gravity center in recent twenty years in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2001,21(5):385-389.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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