揉碎玉米秸秆螺旋-气力耦合输送装置设计
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摘要
为解决揉碎玉米秸秆螺旋输送过程中的生产率低、功耗大、易堵塞及机件磨损严重等问题,该文设计了一种螺旋-气力耦合输送装置,并以揉碎玉米秸秆为原料开展了试验研究。螺旋-气力耦合输送装置主要由螺旋输送装置和气力辅助输送系统组成。其中气力辅助输送系统主要由喷射角度可调的Y型喷嘴座、喷嘴、最大出气压力为1.6 MPa的空气压缩机、直径为10 mm的PPR(polypropylene random)管和15°弯管及压力表等组成。螺旋输送装置主要由机壳、螺旋叶片和中心轴等组成,其关键参数为:螺旋叶片外径为250 mm,中心轴直径为60 mm,螺距为335 mm,螺旋槽用U型机壳。以比功耗、轴向推力、螺旋叶片及机壳各部位所受压力作为输送性能指标,对施加气流前后各部位所受压力进行测试。结果表明,当螺距为335 mm、螺旋轴转速为100 r/min、喂入量为70 kg/min、气流速度为10～50 m/s时,随着气流速度的增大,输送装置的比功耗先减小后增大。当气流速度为20 m/s时比功耗最小,为10.78 W/kg,比无气流时的比功耗减小了8.3%,轴向推力、叶片和机壳各部位所受压力随着气流速度的增大而减小,且均小于不加气流时的值。
The main ways of crushed corn straw conveying are pneumatic conveying, screw conveying, belt conveying, scraper conveying, bucket lifting and chain conveying. Screw conveyor is widely used in the processing of rubbing and breaking corn straw due to its advantages of compact structure, flexible arrangement, good sealing and controllable feeding amount. However, due to the small density, viscosity and poor fluidity of crushed corn straw, the conveying performance is difficult to be guaranteed. There are some problems such as low productivity, high power consumption, easy jammed and serious abrasion in the process of conveying the agricultural fiber materials. In order to solve these problems, the theoretical analysis of conveying process about screw-pneumatic conveying device was carried out in this paper. The force of crushed corn straw during the conveying was analyzed. On this basis, the productivity model, power consumption model and specific power consumption were built. The screw flow transmission principle was considered, and the screw-pneumatic coupling conveying device was designed. The experimental platform was mainly composed of screw conveying device and pneumatic auxiliary conveying system. The parameters of the experimental platform were as follows: the conveying gap length was 2 500 mm, the diameter of the screw blade was 250 mm, the diameter of the center shaft was 60 mm, the screw pitch was 335 mm respectively, and the space between the screw blade and the shell was 5 to 8 mm. The pneumatic auxiliary conveying system was mainly composed of Y-shape nozzle holder with adjustable injection angle, nozzle, air compressor with maximum outlet pressure of 1.6 MPa, polypropylene random straight pipe with 10 mm diameter, 15° bending pipe and pressure gauge. The experiment materials were the corn straw after crushing through 9 R-60 rubber and with less than 100 mm long, 2 to 8 mm wide, and 38% moisture content. Based on the performance index of specific power consumption, axial thrust, pressure on the screw blade and shell, the impacts of airflow velocity on transportation performance were analysed. The results showed that: When the screw pitch was 335 mm, the rotation speed was 100 r/min, and the feeding amount was 70 kg/min, within the range of airflow velocity 10～50 m/s, the greater the pressure on the outer edge, the greater the pressure on the screw blade. the pressure was different at different points of screw blade, the closer to the outlet, the greater the pressure was on all parts of the blade. On the same area of the shell, the pressure on the arc segment was greater than that of the vertical section. For different area of the shell, the pressure on the arc segment and vertical section of areaⅠwas greater than that of the areaⅡ. The pressure was different at different points of shell, the closer to the outlet, the greater the pressure was on all parts of the shell. The specific power consumption of the screw-pneumatic coupling conveying device first decreased and then increased with the increase of airflow velocity, when the airflow velocity was 20 m/s, the specific power consumption was the minimum, which was 10.78 W/kg, which was 8.3% lower than that of without airflow. The axial thrust, pressure on blade and shell decreased with the increase of airflow velocity, and was all less than that of without airflow.
The main ways of crushed corn straw conveying are pneumatic conveying, screw conveying, belt conveying, scraper conveying, bucket lifting and chain conveying. Screw conveyor is widely used in the processing of rubbing and breaking corn straw due to its advantages of compact structure, flexible arrangement, good sealing and controllable feeding amount. However, due to the small density, viscosity and poor fluidity of crushed corn straw, the conveying performance is difficult to be guaranteed. There are some problems such as low productivity, high power consumption, easy jammed and serious abrasion in the process of conveying the agricultural fiber materials. In order to solve these problems, the theoretical analysis of conveying process about screw-pneumatic conveying device was carried out in this paper. The force of crushed corn straw during the conveying was analyzed. On this basis, the productivity model, power consumption model and specific power consumption were built. The screw flow transmission principle was considered, and the screw-pneumatic coupling conveying device was designed. The experimental platform was mainly composed of screw conveying device and pneumatic auxiliary conveying system. The parameters of the experimental platform were as follows: the conveying gap length was 2 500 mm, the diameter of the screw blade was 250 mm, the diameter of the center shaft was 60 mm, the screw pitch was 335 mm respectively, and the space between the screw blade and the shell was 5 to 8 mm. The pneumatic auxiliary conveying system was mainly composed of Y-shape nozzle holder with adjustable injection angle, nozzle, air compressor with maximum outlet pressure of 1.6 MPa, polypropylene random straight pipe with 10 mm diameter, 15° bending pipe and pressure gauge. The experiment materials were the corn straw after crushing through 9 R-60 rubber and with less than 100 mm long, 2 to 8 mm wide, and 38% moisture content. Based on the performance index of specific power consumption, axial thrust, pressure on the screw blade and shell, the impacts of airflow velocity on transportation performance were analysed. The results showed that: When the screw pitch was 335 mm, the rotation speed was 100 r/min, and the feeding amount was 70 kg/min, within the range of airflow velocity 10～50 m/s, the greater the pressure on the outer edge, the greater the pressure on the screw blade. the pressure was different at different points of screw blade, the closer to the outlet, the greater the pressure was on all parts of the blade. On the same area of the shell, the pressure on the arc segment was greater than that of the vertical section. For different area of the shell, the pressure on the arc segment and vertical section of areaⅠwas greater than that of the areaⅡ. The pressure was different at different points of shell, the closer to the outlet, the greater the pressure was on all parts of the shell. The specific power consumption of the screw-pneumatic coupling conveying device first decreased and then increased with the increase of airflow velocity, when the airflow velocity was 20 m/s, the specific power consumption was the minimum, which was 10.78 W/kg, which was 8.3% lower than that of without airflow. The axial thrust, pressure on blade and shell decreased with the increase of airflow velocity, and was all less than that of without airflow.
引文
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[2]楚天舒,杨增玲,韩鲁佳.中国农作物秸秆饲料化利用满足度和优势度分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(22):1-9.Chu Tianshu,Yang Zengling,Han Lujia.Analysis on satisfied degree and advantage degree of agricultural crop straw feed utilization in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(22):1-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]马彩龙.9RS-2型秸秆揉丝机的改进设计[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.Ma Cailong.Improved Design of 9RS-2 Straw Kneading Machine[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]吴峰,徐弘博,顾峰玮,等.秸秆粉碎后抛式多功能免耕播种机秸秆输送装置改进[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):18-26.Wu Feng,Xu Hongbo,Gu Fengwei,et al.Improvement of straw transport device for straw-smashing back-throwing type multi-function no-tillage planter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(24):18-26.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]田宜水,付成果,吴永龙,等.农作物秸秆皮带输送量的影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):219-226.Tian Yishui,Fu Chengguo,Wu Yonglong,et al.Analysis of influencing factors on crop stalk’s mass transfer of belt conveyor[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(14):219-226.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]赵毅斌.玉米揉切压捆青贮机关键部件的设计[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2006.Zhao Yibin.Design of Key Parts of Corn Stalk Rubbing and Cutting Baler[D].Taian:Shandong Agriculture University,2006.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[11]代其春.苜蓿压扁收割机割台的设计[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.Dai Qichun.Design of Alfalfa Mower Crusher Header[D].Urumchi:Xinjiang Agriculture University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王晓艳,董良杰,李玉柱,等.生物质热裂解制取生物油装置的螺旋给料机设计[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005,27(5):582-585.Wang Xiaoyan,Dong Liangjie,Li Yuzhu,et al.Design of a worm distributor for the equipment of producing bio-oil by biomass pyrolysis[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2005,27(5):582-585.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]冯莉,李天舒,徐凯宏.生物质燃料粉碎成型机螺旋运输装置设计[J].森林工程,2015,31(3):101-105.Feng Li,Li Tianshu,Xu Kaihong.Design of screw conveyor device for biomass crushing and molding machine[J].Forest Engineering,2015,31(3):101-105.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[17]乌兰图雅.揉碎玉米秸秆螺旋输送机理研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2016.Wulantuya.Study on the Mechanism of Screw Conveying Theory for Rubbing and Breaking Corn Straw[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Ag-ricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]乌兰图雅,王春光,赵圆圆,等.螺旋输送装置转速和喂入量对输送性能的影响试验研究[J].农机化研究,2015(7):206-212.Wulantuya,Wang Chunguang,Zhao Yuanyuan,et al.Experimental study the conveying capability of screw conveyor affected by rotation speed and feeding amount[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015(7):206-212.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]欧阳联格,赵远江,彭倩,等.基于气力输送的搅拌槽螺旋流场输送效率优化[J].工程机械,2017,48(12):22-29.Ouyang Liange,Zhao Yuanjiang,Peng Qian,et al.Conveying efficiency optimazation of stirred tank spiral flow field based on penumatic conveyance[J].Engineering Machinery,2017,48(12):22-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]王东霞,刘一扬,乔书杰.一种螺旋气动复合输送机构:201620340854.9[P].2016-4-22.
[21]刘术明,罗政伟.一种气力螺旋输送机:201420630587.X[P].2014-10-29.
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