地形梯度下吉泰走廊县域土地利用格局时空分析
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摘要
为提高土地利用结构决策的科学合理性,探索适宜的土地利用模式。以吉泰走廊典型浅山丘陵区吉水县为例,解译遥感影像(2000、2010和2015年)得到土地利用基础数据,基于DEM数据提取地形起伏度、地形位指数和土地利用结构信息熵等指标,系统地分析了吉水县2000—2015年土地利用类型和土地利用结构在地形梯度上的时空变化特征,揭示了地形因素对土地利用图谱变化的影响。结果表明:(1)吉水县以林地和耕地为主,整体呈"北耕南林"分布;2000—2015年建设用地增加了118.60 km~2,园地减少了94.56 km~2,耕地面积减少了44.15 km~2,耕地、园地、林地是建设用地增加的主要来源,建设用地与耕地之间存在相互演替现象。(2)15年间,在低地形梯度上农用地被建设占用现象严重,其中89.27 km~2耕地被建设占用,新增建设用地的分布在坡向上无明显特征。林地分布指数随地形梯度的上升逐渐增大,园地上升了2个优势地形位。(3)15年间,土地利用结构的有序度和均衡度最大值均出现在中低地形梯度上,且随地形梯度的上升逐渐显现优势度;同一地形因子上,2015年土地利用结构均衡度皆高于2000年和2010年。(4)平坡、低地形梯度区域土地利用图谱转换最为频繁,稳定型图谱在高地形梯度上具有分布优势,变化型图谱慢慢从地形平缓区域向地形起伏度较大、坡度陡的区域转移。研究结果可为优化土地利用模式提供一定的决策参考。
In order to improve the scientific rationality of decision-making for optimal land use and explore a suitable land use pattern,taking Jishui County in the typical hilly area of JiTai corridor as an example,using remote sensing images(2000,2010 and 2015)from the interpretation of land use data,based on the DEM data,the undulating topography,terrain index and land use structure information entropy were extracted,the temporal and spatial variation of the land use types and structures in the terrain gradient characteristics was analyzed in Jishui County in 2000—2015,and the influence of terrain factors on land use change map was revealed.The results showed that:(1)the land use in Jishui County is dominated by forest land and farmland,it is of a"north farming south forest"distribution;during 2000—2015,the construction land increased by118.60 km~2,the garden land reduced by 94.56 km~2,the cultivated area reduced by 44.15 km~2,the farmland,garden land and forest land were the main source of the increase of the construction land,there was a mutual succession phenomenon between the construction land and the cultivated land;(2)during 15 years,the farmland was occupied by construction in a great degree on the low topographic gradient,89.27 km~2 of the farmland was occupied by construction,there was no obrious orientation of slope aspect in the choice of new construction land;The rising distribution index of the woodland gradually increased with the gradient of terrain,and that in the garden land rose by 2 dominant terrain positions;(3)during 15 years,the order degree and the maximum degree of the land use structure all appeared on the low and middle terrain gradients,and showed dominance gradually with the increase of the terrain gradient;in the same terrain factor,the land use structure balance degree in 2015 was higher than that in 2000 and 2010;(4)the land use map conversion was the most frequent in the flat slope and low terrain gradient area,and the stable pattern had the advantage of distribution on the highland gradient;the changing pattern gradually shifted from the gentle terrain to the terrain with large The results of the study can provide some decision-making reference for optimizing land use model.
In order to improve the scientific rationality of decision-making for optimal land use and explore a suitable land use pattern,taking Jishui County in the typical hilly area of JiTai corridor as an example,using remote sensing images(2000,2010 and 2015)from the interpretation of land use data,based on the DEM data,the undulating topography,terrain index and land use structure information entropy were extracted,the temporal and spatial variation of the land use types and structures in the terrain gradient characteristics was analyzed in Jishui County in 2000—2015,and the influence of terrain factors on land use change map was revealed.The results showed that:(1)the land use in Jishui County is dominated by forest land and farmland,it is of a"north farming south forest"distribution;during 2000—2015,the construction land increased by118.60 km~2,the garden land reduced by 94.56 km~2,the cultivated area reduced by 44.15 km~2,the farmland,garden land and forest land were the main source of the increase of the construction land,there was a mutual succession phenomenon between the construction land and the cultivated land;(2)during 15 years,the farmland was occupied by construction in a great degree on the low topographic gradient,89.27 km~2 of the farmland was occupied by construction,there was no obrious orientation of slope aspect in the choice of new construction land;The rising distribution index of the woodland gradually increased with the gradient of terrain,and that in the garden land rose by 2 dominant terrain positions;(3)during 15 years,the order degree and the maximum degree of the land use structure all appeared on the low and middle terrain gradients,and showed dominance gradually with the increase of the terrain gradient;in the same terrain factor,the land use structure balance degree in 2015 was higher than that in 2000 and 2010;(4)the land use map conversion was the most frequent in the flat slope and low terrain gradient area,and the stable pattern had the advantage of distribution on the highland gradient;the changing pattern gradually shifted from the gentle terrain to the terrain with large The results of the study can provide some decision-making reference for optimizing land use model.
引文
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[13]宋杨,李长辉,林鸿.面向对象的eCognition遥感影像分类识别技术应用[J].地理空间信息,2012,10(2):64-66.Song Y,Li C H,Lin H.Object extraction techniques of remote sensing images based on object-oriented eCognition software[J].Geospatial Information,2012,10(2):64-66.
[14]王铁军,任思思,徐明.基于eCognition的混合对象分类方法研究[J].测绘通报,2014(3):137-138.Wang T J,Ren S S,Xu M.Research on hybrid object classification method based on eCognition[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2014(3):137-138.
[15]张伟,李爱农.基于DEM的中国地形起伏度适宜计算尺度研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(4):8-12.Zhang W,Li A N.Study on the optimal for calculating scale of relief amplitude in China based on DEM[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2012,28(4):8-12.
[16]吴见,王帅帅,谭靖.基于安徽省土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(2):239-248.Wu J,Wang S S,Tan J.Analysis of terrain gradient effect based on Land use change in Anhui Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(2):239-248.
[17]牛全福,冯尊斌,党星海,等.黄土区滑坡研究中地形因子的选取与适宜性分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(12):1584-1592.Niu Q f,Feng Z B,Dang X H,et al.Suitability analysis of topographic factors in loess landslide research[J].Geo-Information Science,2017,19(12):1584-1592.
[18]赵丽红,杨泽栋,潘鹏,等.南昌市景观信息图谱的地形梯度效应分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(4):767-775.Zhao L H,Yang Z D,Pan P.An analysis of the terrain gradient effect on landscape informational atlas in Nanchang City,China[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(4):767-775.
[19]周子英,段建南,梁春凤.长沙市土地利用结构信息熵时空变化研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(4):124-129.Zhou Z Y,Duan J N,Liang C F.Temporal-spatial changes analysis of land use structure in Changsha city based on information entropy[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(4):124-129.
[20]张群,张雯,李飞雪,等.基于信息熵和数据包络分析的区域土地利用结构评价:以常州市武进区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(9):1149-1155.Zhang Q,Zhang W,Li F X,et al.Evaluation of regional land use structure based on information entropy and data envelopment analysis:a case study of Wujin District,Changzhou[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(9):1149-1155.
[21]宋戈,王盼盼.松嫩高平原县域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析:以巴彦县为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1218-1225.Song G,Wang P P.Spatial pattern of land use along the terrain gradient of county in Songnen high plain:a case study of Bayan county[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1218-1225.
[2]甄霖,魏云洁,谢高地,等.中国土地利用多功能性动态的区域分析[J].生态学报,2010,30(24):6749-6761.Zhen L,Wei Y J,Xie G D,et al.Regional analysis of dynamic land use functions in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(24):6749-6761.
[3]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.Liu J Y,Kuang W H,Zhang Z X,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns and causes of land use changes in China since the late 1980s[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(1):3-14.
[4]路昌,雷国平,周浩,等.挠力河流域土地利用变化及地形梯度效应分析[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(8):53-60.Lu C,Lei G P,Zhou H,et al.Terrain gradient effect analysis of land use change in Naoli River basin[J]China Land Sciences,2017,31(8):53-60.
[5]李欣,叶长盛,吕雪.基于地形因子的鄱阳湖地区土地利用格局变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):210-218.Li X,Ye C S,Li X.Analysis of land use pattern change in Poyang Lake region based on the topographic factor[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(4):210-218.
[6]龙花楼.论土地利用转型与土地资源管理[J].地理研究,2015,34(9):1607-1618.Long H L.Land use transition and land management[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(9):1607-1618.
[7]陈文波,陇灵宇,刘宇琼.基于两种方法结果差异的市域土地整治功能分区研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,37(1):176-182.Chen W B,Long L Y,Liu Y Q.A study on land remediation zoning in city level based on the contrasts of two methods[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2015,37(1):176-182.
[8]吴彦潮,赵翠薇,韩冰倩.山地流域土地利用时空演变的地形梯度特征:以乌江北源为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):161-166.Wu Y C,Zhao C W,Han B Q.Characteristics of land topographic gradient caused by temporal and spatial evolution in mountainous watershed:a case study of northern Wu Jiang[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):161-166.
[9]Mottet A,Ladet S,Coque N,et al.Agricultural land-use change and its drivers in mountain landscapes:A case study inthe Pyrenees[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2006,114(2):296-310.
[10]孙丕苓,许月卿,王数.环京津贫困带土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):277-288.Sun P L,Xu Y Q,Wang S.Terrain gradient effect analysis of land use change in poverty area around Beijing and Tianjin[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2014,30(14):277-288.
[11]郭洪峰,许月卿,吴艳芳.基于地形梯度的土地利用格局与时空变化分析:以北京市平谷区为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(1):160-166.Guo H F,Xu Y Q,Wu Y F.Analysis of the land use spatial pattern and spatio-temporal changes based on terrain gradient:ACase Study of Pinggu District in Beijing[J].Economic Geography,2013,33(1):160-166.
[12]谭洁,朱红梅,金卫华.长沙市土地利用结构熵值时序分析[J].经济地理,2010,30(1):118-121.Tan J,Zhu H M,Jin W H.Analysis on information entropy of land use structure in Changsha city[J].Economic Geography,2010,30(1):118-121.
[13]宋杨,李长辉,林鸿.面向对象的eCognition遥感影像分类识别技术应用[J].地理空间信息,2012,10(2):64-66.Song Y,Li C H,Lin H.Object extraction techniques of remote sensing images based on object-oriented eCognition software[J].Geospatial Information,2012,10(2):64-66.
[14]王铁军,任思思,徐明.基于eCognition的混合对象分类方法研究[J].测绘通报,2014(3):137-138.Wang T J,Ren S S,Xu M.Research on hybrid object classification method based on eCognition[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2014(3):137-138.
[15]张伟,李爱农.基于DEM的中国地形起伏度适宜计算尺度研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(4):8-12.Zhang W,Li A N.Study on the optimal for calculating scale of relief amplitude in China based on DEM[J].Geography and Geo-Information Science,2012,28(4):8-12.
[16]吴见,王帅帅,谭靖.基于安徽省土地利用变化的地形梯度效应分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(2):239-248.Wu J,Wang S S,Tan J.Analysis of terrain gradient effect based on Land use change in Anhui Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(2):239-248.
[17]牛全福,冯尊斌,党星海,等.黄土区滑坡研究中地形因子的选取与适宜性分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(12):1584-1592.Niu Q f,Feng Z B,Dang X H,et al.Suitability analysis of topographic factors in loess landslide research[J].Geo-Information Science,2017,19(12):1584-1592.
[18]赵丽红,杨泽栋,潘鹏,等.南昌市景观信息图谱的地形梯度效应分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(4):767-775.Zhao L H,Yang Z D,Pan P.An analysis of the terrain gradient effect on landscape informational atlas in Nanchang City,China[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(4):767-775.
[19]周子英,段建南,梁春凤.长沙市土地利用结构信息熵时空变化研究[J].经济地理,2012,32(4):124-129.Zhou Z Y,Duan J N,Liang C F.Temporal-spatial changes analysis of land use structure in Changsha city based on information entropy[J].Economic Geography,2012,32(4):124-129.
[20]张群,张雯,李飞雪,等.基于信息熵和数据包络分析的区域土地利用结构评价:以常州市武进区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(9):1149-1155.Zhang Q,Zhang W,Li F X,et al.Evaluation of regional land use structure based on information entropy and data envelopment analysis:a case study of Wujin District,Changzhou[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(9):1149-1155.
[21]宋戈,王盼盼.松嫩高平原县域土地利用空间格局地形梯度特征分析:以巴彦县为例[J].地理科学,2017,37(8):1218-1225.Song G,Wang P P.Spatial pattern of land use along the terrain gradient of county in Songnen high plain:a case study of Bayan county[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(8):1218-1225.
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