饲用凝结芽孢杆菌与抗生素组合使用对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响
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摘要
【目的】在含有抗生素的肉鸡饲粮基础上,额外添加饲用益生菌凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans),研究凝结芽孢杆菌与抗生素组合使用对1～21日龄AA肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。【方法】98只1日龄AA肉鸡分为2个处理组:对照组,添加抗生素(50 mg/kg金霉素、60 mg/kg盐霉素钠);试验组,在对照组基础上额外添加3×10~6 cfu/g (全价配合饲料)凝结芽孢杆菌。试验周期21 d,至肉鸡21日龄,屠宰试验鸡,重点分析生长性能、血液生化指标及免疫器官指数。【结果】试验组肉鸡的末体重和平均日增重分别比对照组增加约4.54%和4.84%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。1～21日龄阶段,试验组与对照组肉鸡的料重比基本一致(P>0.05);然而,试验组肉鸡腹泻率约8.2%,低于对照组14.3%。21日龄试验组肉鸡血清的葡萄糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性等指标显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,试验组与对照组之间的脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数等免疫器官指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】在含抗生素的肉鸡饲粮基础上额外增加3×10~6 cfu/g凝结芽孢杆菌饲用益生菌,进一步提高了幼龄(1～21日龄) AA肉鸡的生产性能,主要表现在腹泻率、平均日增重的改善作用。血液生化指标结果也显示:凝结芽孢杆菌改善肉鸡生长性能与提高饲料碳水化合物和脂肪的消化、吸收效率有关。研究结果对促进凝结芽孢杆菌饲用益生菌产品在肉鸡实际养殖及饲料配方中的应用具有科学价值与生产指导的实际意义。
[Purpose]This study was investigated the effects of the combination of probiotics Bacillus coagulans combined with feed antibiotics on the young broiler production.[Methods]Ninety eight AA broilers at the age of 1 d were randomly allocated two experimental groups according to the different feed additives, including on the control group(50 mg/kg chlortetracycline and 60 mg/kg salinomycin sodium) and the experimental group(50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, 60 mg/kg salinomycin sodium, and 3×10~6 cfu/g B. coagulans). The growth performance, blood biochemistry, and immune organ indexes of two groups were studied during the 21 days of experiment.[Results]Compared with the control chickens, the experimental group with 3×10~6 cfu/g B. coagulans in diets improved the final body weight about 4.54% and average daily gain about 4.84% there was no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups(P>0.05). However, the 8.2% diarrhea of the treatment group was lower than 14.3% of the control. For the blood chemistry at 21 days of age, the contents of blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase activities of the experimental broilers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of the control. In addition, there were no significant differences(P>0.05) between two groups for the spleen indexes,thymus indexes and bursa of fabricius indexes.[Conclusions]The supplement of 3×10~6 cfu/g B. coagulans in young broiler diet with feed antibiotics decreased the chick diarrhea and increased the average daily gain, which was related to improve digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates and fats by the analysis of blood chemistry. These findings have scientific value and production guidance for promoting the application of probiotics B. coagulans products in broiler feed formula and practical breeding.
[Purpose]This study was investigated the effects of the combination of probiotics Bacillus coagulans combined with feed antibiotics on the young broiler production.[Methods]Ninety eight AA broilers at the age of 1 d were randomly allocated two experimental groups according to the different feed additives, including on the control group(50 mg/kg chlortetracycline and 60 mg/kg salinomycin sodium) and the experimental group(50 mg/kg chlortetracycline, 60 mg/kg salinomycin sodium, and 3×10~6 cfu/g B. coagulans). The growth performance, blood biochemistry, and immune organ indexes of two groups were studied during the 21 days of experiment.[Results]Compared with the control chickens, the experimental group with 3×10~6 cfu/g B. coagulans in diets improved the final body weight about 4.54% and average daily gain about 4.84% there was no significant difference between the control and the experimental groups(P>0.05). However, the 8.2% diarrhea of the treatment group was lower than 14.3% of the control. For the blood chemistry at 21 days of age, the contents of blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase activities of the experimental broilers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of the control. In addition, there were no significant differences(P>0.05) between two groups for the spleen indexes,thymus indexes and bursa of fabricius indexes.[Conclusions]The supplement of 3×10~6 cfu/g B. coagulans in young broiler diet with feed antibiotics decreased the chick diarrhea and increased the average daily gain, which was related to improve digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates and fats by the analysis of blood chemistry. These findings have scientific value and production guidance for promoting the application of probiotics B. coagulans products in broiler feed formula and practical breeding.
引文
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[3]程志斌,余冬友,胡小波,等.饲用凝结芽孢杆菌在仔猪生产中的应用研究进展[J].饲料工业,2017,38(23):25.DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2017.23.005.
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[5]黄遵锡,程志斌.饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(22):1.DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2015.22.001.
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[7]ZHANG Y T,QIAN Z J,LIU P,et al.Efficient in situ separation and production of L-lactic acid by Bacillus coagulans using weak basic anion-exchange resin[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2018,41(2):205.DOI:10.1007/s00449-017-1858-z.
[8]AULITTO M,FUSCO S,BARTOULCCI S,et al.Bacillus coagulans MA-13:a promising thermophilic and cellulolytic strain for the production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2017,10(1):210.DOI:10.1186/s13068-017-0896-8.
[9]程志斌,王春,李云辉,等.饲粮添加饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响[J].饲料博览,2015(11):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0084.2015.11.001.
[10]MAJEED M,NAGABHUSHANNAM K,NATARAJANS,et al.Evaluation of genetic and phenotypic consistency of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856:a commercial probiotic strain[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,32(4):60.DOI:10.1007/s11274-016-2027-2.
[11]余冬友,胡小波,钟伟,等.饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料博览,2017(12):6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0084.2017.12.002.
[12]ABDHUL K,GANESH M,SHANMUGHAPRIYA S,et al.Bacteriocinogenic potential of a probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans[BDU3]from Ngari[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2015,79(8):800.DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.005.
[13]WU Y Y,SHAO Y J,SONG B C,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:9.DOI:10.1186/s40104-017-0220-2.
[14]王政,张大伟,齐长海,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生产性能及部分肠道微生物相关指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(7):31.DOI:10.15906/j.cnki.cn11-2975/s.20160708.
[15]宫秀燕,韦明,蒋秋斐,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对肠炎沙门氏菌感染肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):74.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2015.17.016.
[16]WANG Y B,GU Q.Effect of probiotic on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres broilers[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2010,89(2):163.DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.009.
[17]赵娜,申杰,魏金涛,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):249.DOI:10.3969/j.Issn.1006-267x.2017.01.028.
[18]韩玥,刘鹏凌.我国大规模肉鸡养殖生产效率分析-基于三阶段DEA模型[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学),2017,11(6):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn1004-390x(s).2017.06.001.
[19]程志斌,张红兵,苏子峰,等.非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡肠道消化酶的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2011,26(6):781.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2011.06.009.
[20]ZHOU X,WANG Y,GU Q,et al.Effect of dietary probiotic,Bacillus coagulans,on growth performance,chemical composition,and meat quality of Guangxi Yellow chicken[J].Poultry Science,2010,89(3):588.DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.044.
[21]LIAO R B,YAN H J,LIU G H,et al.Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2018,102(2):e849.DOI:10.1111/jpn.12845.
[22]HUNG A T,LIN S Y,YANG T Y,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and microflora composition in broiler chickens[J].Animal Production Science,2012,52:874.DOI:10.1071/AN11332.
[23]MEHAISEN G M K,ESHAK M G,ELKAIATY A M, et al.Comprehensive growth performance,immune function,plasma biochemistry,gene expressions and cell death morphology responses to a daily corticosterone injection course in broiler chickens[J].PLoS One,2017,12 (2).DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172684.
[24]NAGHI S A,GHASEMI H A,TAHERPOUR K.Evaluation of Aloe vera and synbiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance,gut morphology,immune responses and blood constitutes of broiler chickens[J].Animal Science Journal,2017,88(2):306.DOI:10.1111/asj.12629.
[25]CHEN C Y,CHEN S W,WANG H T.Effect of supplementation of yeast with bacteriocin and Lactobacillus culture on growth performance,cecal fermentation,microbiota composition,and blood characteristics in broiler chickens[J].Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Science,2017,30(2):211.DOI:10.5713/ajas.16.0203.
[26]付利芝.微生态制剂对雏鸡体内消化酶活性与免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(11):22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2007.11.007.
[27]GOWTHAMI P,MUTHUKUMAR K,VELAN M.Utilization of coconut oil cake for the production of lipase using Bacillus coagulans VKL1[J].Biocontrol Science,2015,20(2):125.DOI:10.4265/bio.20.125.
[28]JIANG T,XU Y B,SUN X C,et al.Kinetic characterization of recombinant Bacillus coagulans FDP-activated L-lactate dehydrogenase expressed in Escherichia coli and its substrate specificity[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2014,95:219.DOI:10.1016/j.pep.2013.12.014.
[29]SEN R,PAL D,KODALI V P,et al.Molecular characterization and in vitro analyses of a sporogenous bacterium with potential probiotic properties[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2010,2(3):152.DOI:10.1007/s12602-010-9049-0.
[30]张营营,郭茜,熊利霞,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对油鸡生长性能、血清指标及脏器系数的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2017,32(2):75.DOI:10.13473/j.cnki.issn.1002-3186.2017.0216.
[2]杨保和,白华毅,王桂瑛,等.添加凝结芽孢杆菌对生长猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料博览,2018(2):5.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0084.2018.02.002.
[3]程志斌,余冬友,胡小波,等.饲用凝结芽孢杆菌在仔猪生产中的应用研究进展[J].饲料工业,2017,38(23):25.DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2017.23.005.
[4]JAFARI M,MORTAZAVIAN A M,HOSSEINI H,et al.Probiotic Bacillus:fate during sausage processing and storage and influence of different culturing conditions on recovery of their spores[J].Food Research International,2017,95(3):46.DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.001.
[5]黄遵锡,程志斌.饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(22):1.DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2015.22.001.
[6]ZIMMERMANN M,LONGHI D A,SCHAFFNER DW,et al.Predicting Bacillus coagulans spores inactivation in tomato pulp under nonisothermal heat treatments[J].Journal of Food Science,2014,79(5):M935.DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12430.
[7]ZHANG Y T,QIAN Z J,LIU P,et al.Efficient in situ separation and production of L-lactic acid by Bacillus coagulans using weak basic anion-exchange resin[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2018,41(2):205.DOI:10.1007/s00449-017-1858-z.
[8]AULITTO M,FUSCO S,BARTOULCCI S,et al.Bacillus coagulans MA-13:a promising thermophilic and cellulolytic strain for the production of lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate[J].Biotechnology for Biofuels,2017,10(1):210.DOI:10.1186/s13068-017-0896-8.
[9]程志斌,王春,李云辉,等.饲粮添加饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响[J].饲料博览,2015(11):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0084.2015.11.001.
[10]MAJEED M,NAGABHUSHANNAM K,NATARAJANS,et al.Evaluation of genetic and phenotypic consistency of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856:a commercial probiotic strain[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,32(4):60.DOI:10.1007/s11274-016-2027-2.
[11]余冬友,胡小波,钟伟,等.饲用凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响[J].饲料博览,2017(12):6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0084.2017.12.002.
[12]ABDHUL K,GANESH M,SHANMUGHAPRIYA S,et al.Bacteriocinogenic potential of a probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans[BDU3]from Ngari[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2015,79(8):800.DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.005.
[13]WU Y Y,SHAO Y J,SONG B C,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:9.DOI:10.1186/s40104-017-0220-2.
[14]王政,张大伟,齐长海,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对白羽肉鸡生产性能及部分肠道微生物相关指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(7):31.DOI:10.15906/j.cnki.cn11-2975/s.20160708.
[15]宫秀燕,韦明,蒋秋斐,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对肠炎沙门氏菌感染肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(17):74.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2015.17.016.
[16]WANG Y B,GU Q.Effect of probiotic on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres broilers[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2010,89(2):163.DOI:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.009.
[17]赵娜,申杰,魏金涛,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):249.DOI:10.3969/j.Issn.1006-267x.2017.01.028.
[18]韩玥,刘鹏凌.我国大规模肉鸡养殖生产效率分析-基于三阶段DEA模型[J].云南农业大学学报(社会科学),2017,11(6):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn1004-390x(s).2017.06.001.
[19]程志斌,张红兵,苏子峰,等.非淀粉多糖酶对肉鸡肠道消化酶的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2011,26(6):781.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2011.06.009.
[20]ZHOU X,WANG Y,GU Q,et al.Effect of dietary probiotic,Bacillus coagulans,on growth performance,chemical composition,and meat quality of Guangxi Yellow chicken[J].Poultry Science,2010,89(3):588.DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.044.
[21]LIAO R B,YAN H J,LIU G H,et al.Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2018,102(2):e849.DOI:10.1111/jpn.12845.
[22]HUNG A T,LIN S Y,YANG T Y,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 on growth performance,intestinal morphology,and microflora composition in broiler chickens[J].Animal Production Science,2012,52:874.DOI:10.1071/AN11332.
[23]MEHAISEN G M K,ESHAK M G,ELKAIATY A M, et al.Comprehensive growth performance,immune function,plasma biochemistry,gene expressions and cell death morphology responses to a daily corticosterone injection course in broiler chickens[J].PLoS One,2017,12 (2).DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0172684.
[24]NAGHI S A,GHASEMI H A,TAHERPOUR K.Evaluation of Aloe vera and synbiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance,gut morphology,immune responses and blood constitutes of broiler chickens[J].Animal Science Journal,2017,88(2):306.DOI:10.1111/asj.12629.
[25]CHEN C Y,CHEN S W,WANG H T.Effect of supplementation of yeast with bacteriocin and Lactobacillus culture on growth performance,cecal fermentation,microbiota composition,and blood characteristics in broiler chickens[J].Asian-Australas Journal of Animal Science,2017,30(2):211.DOI:10.5713/ajas.16.0203.
[26]付利芝.微生态制剂对雏鸡体内消化酶活性与免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2007,43(11):22.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-7033.2007.11.007.
[27]GOWTHAMI P,MUTHUKUMAR K,VELAN M.Utilization of coconut oil cake for the production of lipase using Bacillus coagulans VKL1[J].Biocontrol Science,2015,20(2):125.DOI:10.4265/bio.20.125.
[28]JIANG T,XU Y B,SUN X C,et al.Kinetic characterization of recombinant Bacillus coagulans FDP-activated L-lactate dehydrogenase expressed in Escherichia coli and its substrate specificity[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2014,95:219.DOI:10.1016/j.pep.2013.12.014.
[29]SEN R,PAL D,KODALI V P,et al.Molecular characterization and in vitro analyses of a sporogenous bacterium with potential probiotic properties[J].Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,2010,2(3):152.DOI:10.1007/s12602-010-9049-0.
[30]张营营,郭茜,熊利霞,等.凝结芽孢杆菌对油鸡生长性能、血清指标及脏器系数的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2017,32(2):75.DOI:10.13473/j.cnki.issn.1002-3186.2017.0216.
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